• 한국문헌정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.207-261
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is (1) to design and test a database which can be automatically classified, and (2) to generate automatic classification number by processing the keywords in titles using the code combination method of Colon Classification(CC) as well as an automatic recognition of subjects in order to develop an automatic classification system (Auto BC System) based on CC which can be applied to any research library. To conduct this study, 1,510 words in the fields of agricultrue and medicine were selected, analized in terms of [P], [M], [E], [S], [T] employed in CC, and included in a database for classification. For the above-mentioned subject fields, the principle of an automatic classification was specified in order to generate automatic classification codes as well as to perform an automatic subject recognition of the titles included. Whenever necessary, editing, deleting, appending and reindexing of a database can be made in this automatic classification system. Appendix 1 shows the result of the automatic classification of books in the fields of agriculture and medicine. The results of the study are summarized below. 1. The classification number for the title of a book can be automatically generated by using the facet principles of Colon Classification. 2. The automatic subject recognition of a book is achieved by designing a database making use of a globe-principle, and by specifying the subject field for each word. 3. The automatic subject-recognition of input data is achieved by measuring the number of searched words by each subject field. 4. The combination of classification numbers is achieved by flowcharting of classification formular of each subject field. 5. The efficient control of classification numbers is achieved by designing control codes on the database for classification. 6. The automatic classification by means of Auto BC has been proved to be successful in the research library concentrating on a Single field. The general library may have some problem in employing this system. The automatic classification through Auto BC has the following advantages: 1. Speed of the classification process can be improve. 2. The revision or updating of classification schemes can be facilitated. 3. Multiple concepts can be expressed in a single classification code. 4. The consistency of classification can be achieved with the classification formular rather than the classifier's subjective judgement. 5. A user's retrieving process can be made after combining the classification numbers through keywords relating to the material to be searched. 6. The materials can be classified by a librarian without subject backgrounds. 7. The large body of materials can be quickly classified by means of a machine processing. 8. This automatic classification is expected to make a good contribution to design of the total system for library operations. 9. The information flow among libraries can be promoted owing to the use of the same program for the automatic classification.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2017

In order to prevent major and chemical accidents, some of the plants which would like to install and operate hazard chemicals handling facilities must submit Off-site Consequence Analysis due to recent arisen leak accidents since 2015. A lot of chemical industrials choose gas detectors as mitigation equipment to early detect gas vapor. The way of placement of gas detectors has two methods; Code-based Design(CBD) and Performance-based Design. The CBD has principles for gas detectors to be installed with consideration for the place that is expected to accumulate gas, and the leak locations according to legal standards and technical guidelines, and has a possibility to be unable to detect by these rules to locate gas detectors by vapor density information. The PBD has two methods; a Geographic Method and Scenario based Method. The Scenario-based Method has been suggested to make up for the Geographic Coverage Method. This Scenario-based Method draw the best optimum placement of gas detectors by considering leak locations, leak speed information, leak directions and etc. However, the domestic placement guidelines just refers to the CBD. Therefore, this study is to compare existing placement location of gas detectors by the domestic CBD with placement locations, coverages and the number of gas detectors in accordance with the Scenario-based Method. Also this study has measures for early detecting interest of Vapor Cloud and suitable placement of gas detectors to prevent chemical accidents. The Phast software was selected to simulate vapor cloud dispersion to predict the consequence. There are two cases; an accident hole size of leak(8 mm) from API which is the highst accident hole size less than 24.5 mm, and a normal leak hole size from KOSHA Guide (1.8 mm). Detect3D was also selected to locate gas detectors efficiently and compare CBD results and PBD results. Currently, domestic methods of gas detectors do not consider any risk, but just depend on domestic code methods which lead to placement of gas detectors not to make personnels recognize tolerable or intolerable risks. The results of the Scenario-based Method, however, analyze the leak estimated range by simulating leak dispersion, and then it is able to tell tolerable risks. Thus it is considered that individuals will be able to place gas detectors reasonably by making objectives and roles flexibly according to situations in a specific plant.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.944-955
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• 2004

현대 사회는 고도의 정보화 사회로서 평생 교육을 강조하며, 학교 현장에서는 학습자의 창의적 학습의 강조와 더불어 다양한 교수-학습 방법을 요구한다. 이러한 요구사항을 만족시키는 학습중의 하나가 웹을 활용한 자기 주도적 교수-학습 방법이다. 그러나 현재까지 개발된 대부분의 학습 자료는 단순 학습을 위한 웹 기반 교수-학습 자료이거나 단순한 문제 은행 시스템이 개발되어 있으며, 이러한 기존 학습 시스템들은 문제 해결 학습을 자기 주도적으로 수행할 수 있는 학습을 지원하기는 미흡하다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 웹에서 문제 해결 학습과 자기 주도적 학습을 함께 활용하는 학습 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 학습 시스템을 이용하여 학습자는 교과의 기본 개념과 원리를 학습한 후, 문제를 기반으로 하여 학습자의 사고력을 배양하고 스스로 학습 수준의 조정을 통하여 효율적인 학습을 수행한다. 제안한 학습 시스템은 중등학교 수학 교육에 적용을 보였으며, 학습자 스스로 문제 은행으로부터 선택한 문제를 이용하여 시험과 학력 수준의 파악 및 교수자와 온라인 게시판을 통하여 의문점 해결을 지원한다. 또한 자료실과 묻고 답하기를 이용한 학습자와 학습자, 교수자와 학습자간의 상호 정보를 공유함으로써 학습의 효율성을 높일 수 있는 것으로 확인하였다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2004

농업용수 회귀율을 조사하기 위하여 2003년 관개기 동안 많은 실측을 수행하였다. 본 연구지역은 경상남도 창녕군에 위치한 대암양수장 유역일원이다. 관개용수를 공급하기위하여 건설된 대암 양수장 유역 내 논에 대하여 물수지분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구지역에서의 일 강우량 자료를 수집하였으며, 또한 관개율, 배수율, 침투 및 증발산을 실측하였다. 관개량과 배수량은 기록형수위계(GTDL-L10)를 설치하여 관계기 동안 지속적으로 관측하였다 침투 및 증발산은 직경 3mm PVC 감수심계 및 직경 200mm PVC 침투계를 이용하여 측정하였다. 총관개량 및 총 지표배수량은 654.7mm와281.2mm로 나타났으며, 총 침투량과 총증발산량은 각각 36.0mm 및 160.0mm였고, 일평균 증발산량은 4.3mm/d 였다. 신속회귀율과 지연회귀율은 각각 43.0% 및 5.5%로 전체회귀율은 48.5 %로 나타났다. 따라서, 본 시험지구에서 공급된 관개용수량이 설계기준보다 훨씬 많은 양의 관개용수를 공급하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 적정한 용수관리원칙 보다는 지역주민들의 요구에 의한 과다공급으로 인한 부적적한 용수관리에 기인하는 것으로, 추후에 농업용수설계기준을 현실에 맞게 변경해야함을 의미한다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

자연생태계와 인간사회의 공통적인 이익을 위한 생태공학 기술의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 응용생태공학회가 설립되어 생태공학 분야의 연구와 기술개발에 기여하고 있는데, 생태공학분야 인력 양성에 필수적인 교육의 목표나 내용은 체계가 잡혀있지 못하다. 2015년 응용생태공학 포럼-'생태공학 교육의 터잡기'에서 생태공학 교육의 국제적 동향과 국내 실정에 대해 발제하고 토의한 내용을 중심으로 정리하였다. 생태공학 교육은 인간에 의해 교란된 생태계를 지속가능하도록 복원시킴과 아울러 인간과 생태계의 공동이익을 추구하는 새로운 지속가능한 생태계를 설계 운영할 수 있는 인력을 양성할 수 있어야 한다. 생태공학이 직면하게 될 세 가지의 도전에 대응할 수 있는 교육이 되어야 한다. 인간과 생태계의 공동 이익이라는 목표에서 인간사회와 자연 사이의 균형을 어떻게 정의할 것인가 하는 윤리적 도전, 유관학문 분야는 물론 산업, 정책, 교육, 훈련의 융화를 꾀하는 관계적 도전, 마지막으로 생태학과 공학뿐 아니라 사회과학과 인문과학이 소통하여 융합하는 지적 도전을 극복할 수 있는 교과과정이어야 한다. 이를 위해 생태학과 생태공학을 중심으로 하는 핵심교과목의 하위에 자연과학과 공학 기초과목을 두어 학부과정에 편성하고, 상위에 전공학문 별로 심화된 핵심교과목을 두어 대학원과정으로 편성하는 것이 필요하다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.394-404
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• 2006

Statement of problem: A conventional 3-unit fixed partial denture design with a pontic between two retainers is the most commonly used. However in cases where the mental nerve is in close proximity to the second premolar, a cantilever design can be considered. As such, logical and scientific evidence is lacking for the number and position of implants to be placed for partially edentulous patients, and no clear-cut set of treatment principles currently exist. Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate prognosis of implant-supported fixed partial dentures and to compare changes in bone level which may rise due to the different factors. Material and method : The present study examined radiographical marginal bone loss in patients treated with implant-supported fixed partial dentures (87 prostheses supported by 227 implants) and evaluated the influence of the span of the pontic, type of the opposing dentition. Clinical complications were studied using a retrospective method. Within the limitation of this study. the following result were drawn Result, 1. Seven of a total of 227 implants restored with fixed prostheses failed, resulting in a 96.9% success rate. 2. Complications encountered during recall appointments included dissolution of temporary luting agent (17 cases), porcelain fracture (8 cases), loosened screws (5 cases), gingival recession (4 cases), and gingival enlargement (1 case). 3. Marginal bone loss, 1 year after prosthesis placement, was significant(P<0.05) in the group that underwent bone grafting, however no difference in annual resorption rate was observed afterwards. 4. Marginal bono loss, 1 year post-placement, was greater in cantilever-type prostheses than in centric pontic protheses (P<0.05). 5. Marginal bone loss was more pronounced in posterior regions compared to anterior regions (P<0.05). 6. The degree of marginal bone loss was proportional to the length of the pontic (P<0.05). Conclusion: The success rate of implant-supported fixed partial dentures, including marginal bone loss, was satisfactory in the present study. Factors influencing marginal bone loss included whether bone graft was performed, location of the pontic (s), location of the surgical area in the arch pontic span. Long-term evaluation is necessary for implant-supported fixed partial dentures, as are further studies on the relationship between functional load and the number of implants to be placed.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2005

Statement of problem. More than 70% of patients who need the implant supported restoration are parially edentulous. The principles of design for implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region are many and varied. Jurisdiction for their use is usually based on clinical evaluation. There are several areas or interest regarding the design of implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region. 1) Straight and tripod configuration in implant placement, 2) Two restoration types such as individualized and splinted restorations. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and distribution of stress around the implant fixtures placed in the mandibular posterior region with two different arrangements and to evaluate the effects of splinting using the photoelastic stress analysis. Material & methods. 1) Production of study model: Mandibular partially edentulous model was waxed-up and duplicated with silicone and two models were poured in stone. 2) Fixture installation and photoelastic model construction: Using surveyor(Ney, USh), 3 fixtures(two 4.0 $\times$13 mm, one 5.0$\times$10 mm, Lifecore, USA) were insta)led in straight & tripod configurations. Silicone molds were made and poured in photoelastic resin (PL-2. Measurements group, USA). 3) Prostheses construction: Four 3-unit bridges (Type III gold alloy, Dongmyung co., Korea) were produced with nonhexed and hexed UCLA abutments and fitted with conventional methods. The abutments were tightened with 30 Ncm torque and the static loads were applied at 12 points of the occlusal surface. 4) Photoelastic stress analysis : The polarizer analyzer system with digital camera(S-2 Pro, Fujifilm, Japan) was used to take the photoelastic fringes and analysed using computer analysis program. Results. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed different stress patterns between two implant arrangement configurations, but there were no stress transfer to adjacent implants from the loaded implant in both configurations. However splinted restorations showed lesser amount of stresses in the loaded implants and showed stress transfer to adjacent implants in both configurations. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration with tripod configuration developed higher stresses in anterior and middle implants under loading than implants with straight configurations. Splintied 3 unit fixed partial dentures with tripod configuration showed higher stress development in posterior implant under loading but there were no obvious differences between two configurations. Conclusions. The tripod configuration of implant arrangement didn't show any advantages over the straight configuration. Splinting of 3 unit bridges with nonhexed UCLA abutments showed less stress development around the fixtures. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed tilting of implant fixture under offset loads.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2005

우리나라에서는 1970년대 후반 이후 여러 기관의 상이한 필요성과 측정목적에 따라 별도의 측정망에서 수질측정이 이루어져 왔으며, 이러한 수질측정망의 분산된 운영으로 인한 일관된 측정 원칙의 결여는 수질자료의 관리에 많은 어려움을 야기하고 있다. 이는 과거 수질측정망의 확대 과정에서 과학적인 측정지점 선정 원칙이 결여된 채 수질 악화로 인한 관리의 필요성 증대에 따라 관리자의 경험과 주관적 판단에 의해 이루어졌기 때문이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 장단기 수질변화 경향의 파악, 수질환경기준 위반사항 조사, 수질변화를 야기하는 외부 영향 파악, 용수이용 지원, 특정시기의 수질변화 규명 등 전통적인 측정망 운영 목적과 함께 오염총량관리제 시행에 따른 배수구역별 오염부하량을 산정, 과학적인 수질정책 수립을 위한 수질모델 적용 지원, 물관리정보화 지원 등 새로운 물관리 환경 변화에 따른 운영 목적에 대하여 이를 만족시킬 수 있는 수질자료 생산을 위한 수질측정망의 측정 지점 선정방법을 개발하고, 이를 한강수계에 적용하여 수질측정망의 개선 확충 방안을 제시하고자 하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.600-621
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• 2016

본 연구는 드림스타트에 참여하는 저소득 가정의 유아들을 위해 균형적 언어교육 프로그램 모형을 개발하고 적용하는 데 목적이 있다. 프로그램 개발은 균형적 언어교육의 기본 관점 및 교수학습방법의 특징을 기초로 하였으며 교수체제 개발의 일반적인 모형인 ADDIE에 근거하여 분석-설계-개발-실행-평가의 절차에 따라 진행되었다. 개발된 프로그램은 균형적 언어교육 접근법의 관점에서 총체적 그림책 읽기와 구조화된 읽기, 쓰기 프로그램을 포함하는 프로그램의 내용, 교수학습 원리, 교수학습 전략 등의 교수학습방법, 교수학습평가체제가 제시되었다. 프로그램의 적용은 2015년 6월부터 11월 초반까지 드림스타트에 참여하는 유아 20명을 대상으로 이루어졌으며 유아 읽기 발달 검사, 교사 저널, 부모 만족도 조사를 통해 적용된 프로그램을 평가하였다. 적용결과, 유아들의 읽기 발달에 있어서 향상되는 경향성을 보였으며 교사저널의 질적 분석 결과 책 선호도, 글자에 대한 관심, 개별화된 언어교수법의 효과성 등 문해 발달의 기초적 능력의 향상에서 프로그램의 우수성을 찾을 수 있었다. 본 연구는 균형적 언어교육 접근법의 관점에서 저소득 가정 유아의 문해 발달을 지원하는 구체적인 프로그램의 실행방법을 제시했다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.146-153
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• 2018

Objective: Multi-regional clinical trials have been widely used for accelerating global drug development by multinational pharmaceutical companies. In this study, we aimed to review and analyze the international trends in regulations and guidelines on multi-regional clinical trials by regulatory authorities and international organizations, such as International Conference on Harmonisation, for referring to policies, including development of domestic guidelines for multi-regional clinical trials. Methods: The policies, regulations, and guidelines published by the US Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (Japan), and China Food and Drug Administration were searched, and the International Conference on Harmonisation E17 draft guideline was reviewed. Results: The regulatory authorities in developed countries have developed and implemented regulations and guidelines on multi-regional clinical trials to promote simultaneous global drug development and evaluate the regional differences in drug safety and efficacy. International Conference on Harmonisation developed the draft guideline for planning/designing of multi-regional clinical trials in 2016, which recommends the general principles for strategy-related issues and design of multi-regional clinical trials, and for protocol-related issues, such as consideration of regional variability, subject selection, dose selection, endpoints, comparators, overall sample size, allocation to regions, collecting information on efficacy and safety, and statistical analysis. Conclusion: It is important to understand the international regulatory requirements for designing and planning of multi-regional clinical trials for global drug development. Moreover, it is necessary to prepare multi-regional clinical trial guidelines in accordance with the Korean regulation for clinical trials and drug administration.