• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권1D호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2009

도로 및 철도 등의 투자평가에 있어 도로부문에서 발생하는 통행시간 절감편익의 추정이 가장 중요한 부문을 차지한다. 우리나라에서 현재 적용되고 있는 대부분의 교통시설 투자평가지침은 BPR 함수의 시간-교통량 관계를 이용하고 있으며, 연평균일일교통량(AADT)에 첨두시간 교통량의 비율(설계시간 계수)을 곱한 교통량을 기준으로 산출되고 있다. 그러나 AADT 에 설계시간계수를 적용하는 문제와 우리나라의 많은 도로구간이 거의 용량상태에 다다르고 있는 상황 등으로 인하여 총통 행시간이 과다추정되는 것에 대한 문제제기가 있어왔다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 방식을 대신하여, 일년간 시간대별 교통량 분포를 이용하여 총통행시간을 산출함으로써 이러한 문제를 극복하여 보다 현실성 있는 통행시간을 추정할 수 있는 방법을 제 시하였다. 일반국도를 대상으로 이 방법론의 적용효과를 분석하였으며, 이 방법론은 도로의 위계 및 유형별로 AADT를 제공하게 되면 다른 유형의 도로에 대하여서도 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.69-70
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• 2017

Recently, The Building has became high rising and large scaling according to development of economy in domestic and other country, also the building has increased a variety of functions of insulation for warmth. and it has a symbol of economic growth, but it has risk factor for disasters such as fire. this hazards include not only general building but also residential building. Recently, Grenfell Fire that occurred in England has increased in combustion to the 24th floor of the 1st floor for 1 hour. it resulted in 80 deaths and 79 missing persons. In this study we suggest basic data of residential building for fire safety design related to domestic environment to analyze the problem of Grenfell Tower.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to design a multipurpose dose verification phantom for external audits to secure safe and optimal radiation therapy. Methods: In this study, we used International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) LiF powder thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), which is generally used in the therapeutic radiation dose assurance project. The newly designed multipurpose phantom (MPP) consists of a container filled with water, a TLD holder, and two water-pressing covers. The size of the phantom was designed to be sufficient (30×30×30 cm³). The water container was filled with water and pressed with the cover for normal incidence to be fixed. The surface of the MPP was devised to maintain the same distance from the source at all times, even in the case of oblique incidence regardless of the water level. The MPP was irradiated with 6, 10, and 15 MV photon beams from Varian Linear Accelerator and measured by a 1.25 cm³ ionization chamber to get the correction factors. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation was also used to compare the measurements. Results: The result obtained by MC had a relatively high uncertainty of 1% at the dosimetry point, but it showed a correction factor value of 1.3% at the 5 cm point. The energy dependence was large at 6 MV and small at 15 MV. Various dosimetric parameters for external audits can be performed within an hour. Conclusions: The results allow an objective comparison of the quality assurance (QA) of individual hospitals. Therefore, this can be employed for external audits or QA systems in radiation therapy institutions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.491-510
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• 2008

This paper presents a plan and guidelines that were drawn for Korean based research carried out on the fire-resistance of CFT columns. This research was carried out by reviewing the Korean regulations related to the fire-resistance of CFT columns and examining studies which had been made in Korea as well as overseas. The first phase of the study plan was to compare the fire-resistance of square CFT columns without fire protection (obtained through fire-resistance tests and numerical analyses) with estimated values (obtained through fire-resistance design formulas proposed in Korea and overseas). This comparison provided conclusions as outlined below. Fire-resistance tests conducted in this study proved that, when the actual design load is taken into consideration, square CFT columns without fire protection are able to resist a fire for more than one hour. A comparison was made of test and analysis results with the fire-resistance time based on the AIJ code, the AISC design formula and the estimation formula suggested for Korea. The results of this comparison showed that the test and analysis results for specimens SAH1, SAH2-1, SAH2-2 and SAH3 were almost identical with the AIJ code, the AISC design formula and estimation formula. For specimens SAH4 and SAH5, the estimation formula was more conservative than the AIJ code and the AISC design formula. It was necessary to identify the factors that have an influence on the fire-resistance of CFT columns without fire protection and to draw fire-resistance design formulas for these columns. To achieve this, it is proposed that numerical analyses and tests be conducted in order to evaluate the fire-resistance of circular CFT columns, the influence of eccentricity existing as an additional factor and the influence of the slenderness ratio of the columns. It is also suggested that the overall behavior of CFT structures without fire protection within a fire be evaluated through analysis simulation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2009

The temperature of root zone is known as an important factor for the growth of crops and reduction of energy in greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to design the solar energy supply system to keep the optimum condition of root zone by soil warming. As a result of this study, soil warming compared with no warming changed on a large scale temperature rise effect by depth of soil. The greenhouse's inner temperature have an effect on the temperature of surface up to 15 cm, rised to about 1 hour after warming. In case of the temperature fluctuation, soil temperature was about $12^{\circ}C$ up to 15${\sim}$25 cm and it was $13.4^{\circ}C$ at greater depths. This results showed that the position of root zone was very different after 3 weeks of growth.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2017

In this research, consumer awareness investigation and wearing test were carried out for obtaining useful data on the development of thermo-sensitive functional clothing material. A survey involved 216 people in Seoul and Kyeonggi-do, and 200 questionnaires data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency using SPSS 17.0. Four healthy men in twenties were participated for wearing test. Subjects in normal loungewear were exposed to temperature change from the initial temperature $30^{\circ}C$ down to $5^{\circ}C$ for an hour in a climate chamber. The environmental temperature, surface temperature of garment and skin were measured. As a result, most of respondents have all season clothing products such as underwear, hosiery, and jogging suit for loungewear. Also, thermo regulator y functional clothes are frequently used as underwear and sweat shirt. The consumer awareness investigation on thermo regulatory functional clothing showed that the most important key buying factor is quick climate temperature response, easy maintenance, design and cost, in that order. Surface temperature of garment went down with the cooling down of environmental temperature. The lower environmental temperature, the greater temperature difference by body part showed. Skin temperature change by environmental temperature showed similar tendency of garment surface temperature. In comparison between garment surface and body skin, temperature difference became larger under the lower environmental temperature.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.337-348
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• 2002

Based upon literature survey and questionnaire survey, this research tries to develop four new Cleanroom Garment in semiconductor industrial environment. The designs emphasize to minimize workers disconmfort so that they can not only cover human body fully but also reduce dust as much as possible during work hour in clean room. The new designs characteristics and results from both function test and dust emission test are as follows: 1. In order to reduce dust-emission, we develop new designs with hood, kimono sleeve, and back zipper. The designs with hood face positive test results in term of motion suitability and dust-omission. The design with seam in front, in particular, is effective to control dust-emission. 2. For the purpose of reducing dust-emission, we also emphasize to minimize ease of dust-proof wear, with reference to previous research and clothing experiment. The experiment participants report that the new wears are not so comfortable as existing ones, but they accept the new wears positive as effective in reducing dust-emission owing to reduced ease of Cleanroom Garment and sleeves. 3. A1so to reduce dust-emission in inner wear, we put inner wear in both Cleanroom Garments and inner wear, resulting to remove discomfort of wearers when changing clothes and of tight waist due to inner-trousers. 4. We develop new designs with elastic bands in both waist through the side lines and with velcro only at the back side. To remove twist in front contributes to reduce emission arising out of friction, also to free the appearance minding woman workers from worrying about exposed stomach. The new designs need to be accepted as a valuable alternative of Cleanroom Garment, in that they are highly effective to reduce dust-emission, which is the most important factor in the wear, in spite of some drawbacks in terms of motion-suitability, ease and appearance as shown in wearing test.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1011-1019
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• 2000

본 연구는 유입수의 농도, 수리학적 체류시간 및 F/M비와 슬러지 첨전성과의 상관관계를 새롭게 명확히 밝혀 기존에 제시된 각 처리법 즉 장기포기법, 재래식 활성슬러지법, 고율 활성슬러지법 및 수정포기법의 설계조건이 도출된 원인을 밝히고 동시에 이들 기 제시된 설계조건에 관계없이 설계가 가능함을 확인하기 위한 연구이다. 본 실험은 특히 체류시간과 미생물의 침강성을 중심으로 고찰되었는데, 이는 슬러지의 침강성이 기존 각 처리법의 운전조건을 결정하는 주인자$^{1)}$이기 때문이다. 따라서 각각의 처리법에 대해 제시된 설계범위를 벗어날 경우 슬러지는 팽화하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 설계의 기초를 제공한 Lesperance$^{1)}$의 실험결과에서도 침강성이 확보되지 않는 부하범위가 발생하는 것으로 나타냈다. 위와 같이 일정 조건에서 슬러지가 팽화하는 원인은 Lesperance가 이전 다년간의 실패와 시도로 밝혀진 연속운전이 가능한 것으로 밝혀진 몇몇의 운전조건을 실험조건으로 채용함에 따라 각각의 체류시간에 해당하는 최적의 부하가 적용되지 않았기 때문이다. 하지만 본 실험결과 부하를 적절히 유지할 경우, F/M비 $6.3kg-BOD/kg-MLSS{\cdot}day$ 이하, HRT 0.67hr 이하의 조건에서 슬러지의 침강성이 SVI치 120 이하로 확보될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 체류시간과 그에 해당하는 최적 부하를 제시하였으며, 체류시간이 미생물의 침강성에 결정적 영향인자임을 밝히고, 아울러 본 실험결과를 근거로 이제까지 알려진 처리법에서는 적용된 바 없는 1시간 이하의 체류시간에서 고율 활성슬러지법의 적용 부하치를 수 배 능가하는 새로운 운전법 (UHR : Ultra high rate)도 가능함을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2010

The temperature of root zone was known as an important factor for the growth of crops and reduction of energy in greenhouse. The purpose of this study was to design the apposite inflow of calories per the unit area by comparison of temperature in the warmed and non-warmed soil. The energy needed for soil warming about pipe length showed the change of temperature on inflow and outflow as $2^{\circ}C{\sim}3^{\circ}C$(average $2.5^{\circ}C$). Therefore, the inflow per the unit hour was 3,450, 57,5 kcal/$h{\cdot}m^2$ on soil heating respectively. The non-warmed soil temperature in greenhouse made a difference by depth and it was partially affected inner temperature under 15 cm, but it was not above 15 cm. The soil temperature would be raised over $5^{\circ}C$ than non-warmed soil to increase effect of soil warming. Therefore, the inflow per the unit area that should be provided was about 100 kcal/$h{\cdot}m^2$.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.367-380
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• 2002

This study tries to search and analyze empirically the clothing merchandise purchase motivation and behavior made by foreign visitors who bought clothes as tour memorials in South Korea. To make a empirical study we made survey research and evaluated 30 items for the survey of clothing purchase motivation and 25 items for the survey of the importance and satisfaction revealed at the time of purchase with the standard of Likert 5 point. We had chosen 614 sample participants including 176 English speakers, 211 Japanese speakers, and 277 Chinese speakers among those foreign tourists who had purchased clothing materials at the Dongdaemun Shopping Mall. The result of analysis is as follows : As the result of factor analysis about the clothing merchandise purchase, we had 6 factors. They are (1)impulse, (2)utility, (3)fashionableness, (4)tour commemoration (5)psychology (6)economy. As the result of cluster analysis based on the standard of selected 6 factors of clothing merchandise purchase motivation, we could divide three groups such as (1)the pursuit type of clothing merchandise purchase, (2)the pursuit type of recreation of feeling (3)the pursuit type of tour memorial. As the result of analysis on the items of purchased clothing merchandise, the highest frequency of purchase was made by T-shirt, then by the order of sweater, blouse, and aloha shirt, pants, and jacket. In regard to the importance of items related to clothing merchandise, the highest importance was made by design, then by the order of price, size, color and utility, and style. In regard to the items related to the service of shopping mall, the highest satisfaction was made by the convenience of business hour. Meanwhile, the lowest satisfaction was made by the inconvenience of fitting room, the speaking and by ability of foreign languages by sales agents.