• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1143-1179
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• 2016

Offshore wind turbines are considered as a fundamental part to develop substantial, alternative energy sources. In this highly flexible structures, monopiles are usually used as support foundations. Since the monopiles are large diameter (3.5 to 7 m) deep foundations, they result in extremely stiff short monopiles where the slenderness (length to diameter) may range between 5 and 10. Consequently, their elastic deformation patterns under lateral loading differ from those of small diameter monopiles usually employed for supporting structures in offshore oil and gas industry. For this reason, design recommendations (API and DNV) are not appropriate for designing foundations for offshore wind turbine structures as they have been established on the basis of full-scale load tests on long, slender and flexible piles. Furthermore, as these facilities are very sensitive to rotations and dynamic changes in the soil-pile system, the accurate prediction of monopile head displacement and rotation constitutes a design criterion of paramount importance. In this paper, the Fourier Series Aided Finite Element Method (FSAFEM) is employed for the determination of static impedance functions of monopiles for OWT subjected to horizontal force and/or to an overturning moment, where a non-homogeneous soil profile has been considered. On the basis of an extensive parametric study, and in order to address the problem of head stiffness of short monopiles, approximate analytical formulae are obtained for lateral stiffness $K_L$, rotational stiffness $K_R$ and cross coupling stiffness $K_{LR}$ for both rough and smooth interfaces. Theses expressions which depend only on the values of the monopile slenderness $L/D_p$ rather than the relative soil/monopile rigidity $E_p/E_s$ usually found in the offshore platforms designing codes (DNV code for example) have been incorporated in the expressions of the OWT natural frequency of four wind farm sites. Excellent agreement has been found between the computed and the measured natural frequencies.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.5-29
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• 2002

This study was to analyze the social identity described in the dress of the American novelist Pearl S. Buck's (1892-1973) major works. A novelist pursues varying and refined expressions in an effort to convey to readers the character' identities of his or her own creation. In particular, Pearl S, Buck was a great writer who was awarded the Novel Literature Prize, and since her work The Good Earth recorded a world-wide bestseller, she might well be called a popular novelist. She depicted well her characters' identities from divers viewpoints with her unique delicacy and realistic expressions. For this study, the following seven works which are considered to feature the dresses for character's identity well were selected out of her 85 works: The Good Earth (1931), Sons(1932), The Mother (1934), A Housed Divided (1935), The Hidden Flower (1952), Love and the Morning Calm (1953) and Letter from Peking (1957). For an analytical tool, the content analysis method was used. In order to systematically review the social identity described in the dress individuals' identity were classified into the following categories based on the identity theories: Social identity were divided into ① age identity ② sex, gender identity ③ economic identity ④ occupational identity ⑤ political identity ⑥ religious identity ⑦ kinship identity ⑧ regional identity. The characters' age identity, sex, gender identity, economic identity, occupational identity, political identity, religious identity, kinship identity, regional identity were depicted by their dresses and physical features. All in all, it is hoped that this study would provided important cues to the understanding of the other party's identity through his or her dresses in mutual relationship: It is believed that this study would be useful because they are arranged through the analysis of the dresses featured in the great writer's works using a consistent framework of analysis.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2007

Background and Purpose: Some subtypes of malignant salivary gland tumors such as adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) frequently result in distant metastasis of vascular origin, which are main causes of treatment failure. The reasons for the affinity for vascular metastatic potential are unclear. Therefore, molecular characteristics that influence the dissemination of metastatic tumor cells are important for the design of more effective treatment of salivary ACC. Tumor angiogenesis has been known to be essential for the distant metastasis of malignant cells. So, we determined expressions of vascular metastasis related factors in orthotopic (parotid) murine models of parotid ACC and compared with those in ectopic (subcutis) tumors of athymic mice. Experimental Design: Using specimens from murine parotid (orthotopic, experimental group) and subcutaneous (ectopic, control group) tumors, which have developed via transplantation of tumor cells, originated from human parotid ACC, we performed immunohistochemical assays with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and interleukin (IL)-8 antibodies. We also performed immunohistochemical assays with VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and phosphorylated VEGFR-2. Results: Transplantation of human ACC tumor cell $(5{\times}10^5)$ into the parotid and subcutis successfully resulted in orthotopic (parotid) and ectopic (subcutaneous) tumors in athymic mice. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated higher expression of major angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF, MMP-9) in the orthotopic tumors than in ectopic tumors (P<0.05). But the expression level of angiogenic receptors were same in orthotopic and ectopic tumors of parotid ACC. Conclusion: VEGF, bFGF, and MMP-9 could be a good candidates for antiangiogenic therapy for the contol of vascular metastatic lesions of salivary ACC.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.119-130
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 최근 중국 게임시장에서 인기 있는 온라인게임의 전통예술 표현 특징을 분석하는 것이다. 전통 중국문화의 미적 특징에 대한 플레이어의 심리 선호도를 반영하는 MMORPG 캐릭터를 디자인함으로써 플레이어가 게임을 즐기는 동시에 시각적 만족감을 느낄 수 있도록 하는 것이다. 최근 전통문화를 배경으로 제작한 중국 온라인게임은 많은 플레이어들에게 인기를 끌고 있지만, 외국게임업계의 중국 게임시장 진입에 따라 더욱 다원화된 방식으로 진행되고 있다. 이러한 현재의 중국 온라인 게임 환경을 고려하여 중국 MMORPG 중에서 고유한 전통예술 표현을 활용하는 전통 신화 무협 게임을 선택하고, 개인 플레이어를 반영하는 이상적인 캐릭터 조작이나 사회성 등을 분석하여 전통인물의 형태, 복식, 색, 주거환경을 반영한 표현기법, 캐릭터의 이상적인 형태나 전통 신화의 제한된 주제의 재구성, 캐릭터의 독창성이나 개성이 강조된 집합체 캐릭터 특징을 파악하였다. 중국 MMORPG 역사가 길지 않지만 이러한 연구를 통해 중국의 전통 문화 예술과 관련된 신화 무협 MMORPG의 정체성을 파악하고 플레이어로 하여금 더욱 효과적인 온라인게임의 이해와 만족감을 증가시킬 수 있으리라 본다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2006

초기의 애니메이션은 단순히 삽화에 움직임을 줌으로서 살아있는 듯한 표현의 리얼감을 목표로 하였다. 이후 애니메이션은 미디어 기술의 발달과 인간의 의식변화, 그리고 사회현상들의 다양한 변화에 의해 영향을 받고, 영향을 끼쳐왔다. 그 중에서도 1946년에 처음 등장한 컴퓨터는 애니메이션의 리얼리티 표현의 도구를 더욱 다양화시켰고, 나아가 표현 매체의 지적능력 향상을 초래하여 새로운 시각영역의 확대와 의식을 확장하는 다원적인 영상정보 환경으로 바뀌었다. 또한 이 기술은 모든 영역에 있어서 보편적 질서의 해체와 다의적이고 다양함과 모호함, 그리고 때로는 서로 모순적인 요소들이 함께 내포하고 있는 포스트모더니즘 속에서 애니메이션은 기존의 리얼리티(지각적 리얼리티와 반영적 리얼리티)에서 새로운 돌파구를 찾아야만 하였다. 따라서 애니메이션은 단순한 화상처리라는 기술의 벽을 넘어서서 논리적인 지각과정의 경로보다 빠르고 즉흥적이고 감성적으로 지각할 수 있는 리얼리티로의 전환을 이루게 된 것이다. 이를 본 연구에서는 '감각적(感覺的) 리얼리티'라고 명명하며, 이에 관한 연구의 일환으로서 질 들뢰즈(Gilles Deleuze,)의 공간에 관한 리얼리티를 실제 애니메이션영화에 적용하여 해석하고 있다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.597-606
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• 2022

본 연구는 스튜디오에서 제작되는 현대장신구의 표현 범위를 넓히기 위해 바살트 섬유와 레진 인퓨전 성형을 통해 새로운 제작방법을 모색하고자 했다. 이를 위해 섬유의 소개 및 인퓨전 성형에 대한 개념을 살펴보고 활용된 사례의 분석을 통해 제반사항을 살피고 이를 토대로 실제 평판가공샘플을 제작, 색채표현실험을 진행한 후, 실제 현대장신구 샘플을 제작하여 현대장신구에서의 직접적인 활용가능성을 가늠했다. 연구결과, 인퓨전 성형공정은 스튜디오에서도 제작공정으로 사용할 수 있을 정도로 균일한 결과를 제시했고, 바살트 섬유는 유성도료도장과 포슬린의 다양한 색감표현이 가능하였는데 특히 포슬린이 도포된 섬유의 경우 강도가 높고 작가의 의도적인 표현이 가능하여 현대 장신구재료로서 그 가치가 매우 높은바, 현대장신구의 현실적인 제작방법 및 표현범위를 넓힐 수 있는 계기가 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제86권5호
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• pp.589-605
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• 2023

This paper investigates the ductility demands of steel frames equipped with self-centring fuses under near-fault earthquake motions considering multiple yielding stages. The study is commenced by verifying a trilinear self-centring hysteretic model accounting for multiple yielding stages of steel frames equipped with self-centring fuses. Then, the seismic response of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems following the validated trilinear self-centring hysteretic law is examined by a parametric study using a near-fault earthquake ground motion database composed of 200 earthquake records as input excitations. Based on a statistical investigation of more than fifty-two (52) million inelastic spectral analyses, the effect of the post-yield stiffness ratios, energy dissipation coefficient and yielding displacement ratio on the mean ductility demand of the system is examined in detail. The analysis results indicate that the increase of post-yield stiffness ratios, energy dissipation coefficient and yielding displacement ratio reduces the ductility demands of the self-centring oscillators responding in multiple yielding stages. A set of empirical expressions for quantifying the ductility demands of trilinear self-centring hysteretic oscillators are developed using nonlinear regression analysis of the analysis result database. The proposed regression model may offer a practical tool for designers to estimate the ductility demand of a low-to-medium rise self-centring steel frame equipped with self-centring fuses progressing in the ultimate stage under near-fault earthquake motions in design and evaluation.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1177-1192
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• 2011

As a free creature that can fly in the sky, the bird has been an object of admiration and mystery and a mediator between human beings and the heavens. This study aims to clarify the aesthetic value of birds through study of the various expressions of the bird image on clothing and by the formative will of designers. Based on the general examination of the bird image through the study of documents, this study is composed of a case analysis, which reveals on modern fashion designs. Additionally, the forms of expression of the bird image are organized according to the stereoscopic expression of shaping, the relief expression of handicraft decoration, the flat expression of surface design, and the characteristic expression of wings and feathers. The aesthetic characteristics revealed by the expression patterns are metaphorical symbolism, surrealistic humor, lyrical naturalness, and fantastical femininity. Since antiquity, the bird image continuously recreated by artists has offered aesthetic value in terms of formativeness in the external form and symbolism in the internal form. This study would help to understand the diversity of creation in contemporary fashion design.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.828-839
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• 2006

These days, by the accelerated developments of science and industries and the menaces of war and terror, humans have come to have instinct to recur and nostalgia to nature and thereby many art works and designs with natural objectives have begun to be produced. Also the design in 21st century requires creative products based on cultural speciality of the countries. As the examples, we may easily find the images of the countries from visual expressions or products when we get in touch with the products of so called advanced countries in design i. e. U.S.A. Japan, Germany, France, Italy, countries of Scandinavian peninsular. This study, in such stream of the times, was to express our culture's own originality on clothing design with butterfly that is one of natural thing as the material but limited the boundary to realistic butterflies in folk drawings of the times of Chosun. As for the technique of expression, used digital textile printing for best expression of the fine lines, realistic shapes and peculiar colors of the butterflies in Chosun folk drawings and used diverse materials as materials for printing for diversity of the designs. Thereby this thesis is purposed to grope the products with superior competitiveness in the world market by presenting the realistic butterflies in Chosun folk drawings as motives with cultural value native to Korea and applying them to clothing designs.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2002

The orchid has a very elegant color and various forms in the nature or the ground for human life and the mother of life, The purpose of this study is to express some creative formative art by using the orchid as motive, and thereby, suggest the possibility of an artistic modern costume design by reviewing the texture of the materials. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; First, it was confirmed through this study that the orchid with diverse forms and colors can be used as design motive in almost infinitely diverse ways, and that all the artificial forms or structures contain the elements of natural beauty. Second, the luxurious and rich sense of orchid‘s color can be maximized by using the complementary contrast effect of the dyeing technique and the color gradation effect through harmony among similar colors. Third, a high value-added costume can be created to meet modern men’s aesthetic desire by using such embroidery techniques as crochet, weaving, dyeing, beads embroidery and art flower. Fourth, different effects of texture can be rendered by using different materials of various textures and characteristics. In addition, the possibility of creative expression for costume as formative art can be enhanced by expanding the expressions of the materials.