• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.680-686
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• 1998

In the adoption of a desalination system the most important factor is the cost of fresh water pro-duction. In general LNG is stored in a tank as a liquid state below $-162^{\circ}C$ When it is serviced however the LNG absorbs energy from a heat source and it is transformed to a high pressure gaseous state. During this process a huge amount of cold energy accumulated in cooling LNG is wasted. This wasted cold energycan be utilized to produce fresh water by using a sea water freez-ing desalination system. in order to develop a sea water freezing desalination system and to estab-lish its design technique qualitative and quantitative data regarding the freezing behavior of sea water is required in advance. The goals of this study are to reveal the freezing mechanisms of sea water in a cooled circular tube to measure the freezing rate and to investigate the freezing heat-transfer characteristics. The experimental results provide a general understanding of sea water freezing behavior in a cooled circular tube.

• 기술사
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

According to increasing demand of water mainly due to the growth of population and increased water consumption, many countries either face or worry about the shortage of fresh water. Proportionately, importance and efforts of each country to develop the potable water has been gradually increasing as well. Among others, desalination of seawater has been developed to one of the solutions mainly from the middle east and other arid regions to produce large quantity of fresh water from seawater. We installed beach seawater collector wells to develop the filtered seawater supply for desalination in a refinery. We came to a conclusion that the beach seawater collector well is one of the recommendable alternatives of seawater pre-treatment for desalination applications with lower operating cost and higher efficiency.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.221-233
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• 2014

Simulations were conducted to predict supersaturation along Reverse Osmosis (RO) modules for seawater desalination. The modeling approach is based on the use of conservation principles and chemical equilibria equations along RO modules. Full Pitzer ion interactive forces model for concentrated solutions was implement to calculate activity coefficients. An average rejection rate for all ionic species was considered. Supersaturation has been used to assess scaling. Supersaturations with respect to all calcium carbonate forms and calcium sulfate were calculated up to 50% recovery rate in seawater RO desalination. The results for four different seawater qualities are shown. The predictions were in a good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.16-24
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• 2015

Desalination technology is a process to remove salt from water. There are three classified In accordance with the concentration of salt The concentration of sea water 15,000~50,000mg/l, brackish water 1,500~15,000mg/l, desalination less than 500mg/l.. In general, salt to remove for using a pre-treatment UF filter, but this study is new pre-treatment technology RO Membrane process technology Suspended particulate matter is said most were treated at the pre-treatment equipment, wheat affluent particulate material was removed from the MF filter. Influent SS 16.2mg /l The treatment was effective in treatment 0.05mg /l of 99% is removed. COD is reduced to 60% in the pre-treatment device, after treatment was reduced to 30% RO membrane. Influent COD 10.2mg/l treatment was removed 1.9mg/l. The removal rate is 81.9%. Desalination removes the ionic substances in the RO Membrane. Influent EC $978.8{\mu}s/cm$ and treatment showed a result of $18.7{\mu}s/cm$.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.555-560
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• 2013

A cost analysis method for pretreament processes of a large scale seawater desalination plant was considered using a cost estimation model, WaTER (Water Treatment Estimation Routine). This model is based on cost functions of U.S. EPA to conduct economic analysis of water treatment facilities. A virtual seawater desalination plant which has pretreatment production capacity of $100,000m^3$ per day was chosen as a model plant. Dual media filtration and microfiltration systems were compared as pretreatment process, and the following reverse osmosis process was modeled. As a result, microfiltration showed a price competitiveness in condition of operating with reverse osmosis process by reducing the loads of water treatment and membrane cleaning despite it's high annual cost.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.674-680
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• 2023

The brine and seawater are important and largely untapped sources of critical trace metals and elements. The coupling of selective recovery of trace metals from seawater/brine with desalination plants gives an added advantage of energy credits to desalination plants and as well as reduce the cost of desalinated water. In this paper, status review on recovery of important trace metals and other alkali metals from seawater is presented. The potential of Indian desalination plants for recovery of trace metals, based on recovery ratio of 0.35 is also highlighted. Studies carried out by the process based on adsorption using Radiation Induced Grafted (RIG) polymeric adsorbents and then fractional elutions are presented. The fouling factors due to bio fouling and dirt fouling have been estimated for various locations of interest through field trails. The pay loader in the form of compact Contactor Assembly with minimum pressure drop, for loading specially designed radiation grafted sorbent in leaflet form has been briefed, as required for plant scale facility. The typical conceptual process design details of farm assembly of project CRUDE are described.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2011

저온 해수에너지를 이용한 난방사이클 및 이와 연계할 수 있는 적정 담수화사이클에 대하여 제안 및 해석을 수행하였다. 난방사이클은 기본 증기압축식 사이클을 이용하여 1단 및 2단압축사이클에 대해 해석을 수행하였고, 담수화사이클은 난방사이클과 연계할 수 있도록 설계하여 해석을 수행하였다. 난방사이클의 증발기 열원으로 5이하의 저온 해수열을 이용하였고, 난방수 온도는 60 이상 공급될 수 있도록 해석하였으며, 사이클 작동유체는 R-134a, R-1234 yf, R-600a를 적용하였다. 사이클 해석 결과, 2단압축사이클을 적용할 경우 1단압축사이클에 비해 모든 냉매에서 압축기 소요동력은 약 15.6% 감소하였고, 성능계수는 약 17.6% 향상되었다. 냉동법 담수화 사이클의 경우 R-134a에 대해서 난방수 60 조건일 때, 1단압축 사이클에 비해 2단압축사이클을 적용할 경우 담수 1kg 생산당 에너지가 약 19.8% 감소하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.69-73
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• 2013

역삼투막을 이용한 해수담수화 공정에서 발생되는 농축수의 최소방류 및 회수율 극대화를 위한 공정으로 전기투석을 이용한 농축수의 이차 농축기술 연구를 수행하였다. 실험방법은 정전압운전 방식을 채용하였으며, 농축/탈염조의 용량비율, 전압별 변화 및 전해질을 농축수로 활용시 등에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 사용한 막은 다가이온막을 채용하였으며, 전력효율을 최소화하며, 농축수의 농도를 극대화 및 탈염수의 농도를 최소화할 수 있는 조건 도출을 목표로 삼았다. 실험결과 농축/탈염조의 비율은 1대 5의 비율이, 전압의 경우 12V로 전해질의 경우 농축수를 이용시에도 효율에는 큰 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 이와 같은 실험조건에서 도출된 최적조건으로는 탈염수의 총용존고형물 농도가 5.32g/l, 이차 농축수의 염도는 17.07%이며 전력량은 탈염수 톤당 16.74kWh로 나타났다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2008

A population growth and industry advances are increasing the demand for water while improving the quality of life. By turning seawater into freshwater it is an alternative for the water shortage problem. The study analyzes the orders and makes suggestions on the outlook of an enterprise that can supply desalination plants both inside and outside the country. It compares the production capacity of enterprises in the desalination industry who deal with the thermal and RO methods. We compare 7 enterprises in the thermal method which includes Doosan Heavy Industries, and the top 10 enterprises in the RO method which includes General Electric Corp. Now that the markets in the Middle East have opened and markets in other regions are gradually growing, demand for water will grow especially in developing countries that are in the process of industrialization. Also, the market share of thermal method desalination has been falling, gradually, because too much energy is spent during the process. On the other hand, the market share of the RO method will rise from 37% in 2005 to 57% in 2015. Recently, the desalination market shows that changing from thermal method to RO method is the trend in the Middle East. Growth and demand in other regions are growing at the same pace as the Middle East. Due to this trend, if the RO system, which is highly effective and uses less energy, were to be continuously developed it would be possible to supply water using sea water and would be a viable alternative water resource.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.204-209
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• 2011

According to the environment report of UN, korea was classified as potable water shortage countries. Approximately 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by ocean. However, it is difficult to use for industry of residential purpose without a certain processing. The development of solar and waste-heat used absorption desalination technology have been examined as a viable option for supplying clean energy. In this study, the modelling of the main devices for solar and waste-heat used and adsorption desalination system was introduced. The design is divided into three parts. First, the evaporator for the vaporization of the top water is designed, and then the reactor for the adsorption and release of the steam is designed, followed by the condenser for the condensation of the fresh water is designed. In addition, new features based on the energy balance are also included to design absorption desalination system. In this basicresearch, One-bed(reactor) adsorption desalination plant that employ a low-temperature solar and waste energy was proposed and experimentally studied. The specific water yield is measured experimentally with respect to the time controlling parameters such as heat source temperatures, coolant temperatures, system switching and half-cycle operational times.