• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.757-765
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• 2006

Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) are very important for curing the periodontal tissue because they can be differentiated into various cells. A tissue engineering approach using a cell-scaffold is essential for comprehending today's periodontal tissue regeneration procedure. This study examined the possibility of using an acellular dermal matrix as a scaffold for human periodontalligament fibroblast (hPDLF). The hPDLF was isolated from the middle third of the root of periodontally healthy teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons. The cells were cultured in a medium containing Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at $37^{\circ}C$ in humidified air with 5% $CO_2$. The acellular dermal matrix(ADM) was provided by the US tissue banks(USA). Second passage cells were used in this study. The hPDLF cells were cultured with the acellular dermal matrix for 2 days, and the dermal matrix cultured by the hPDLF was transferred to a new petri dish and used as the experimental group. The control group was cultured without the acellular dermal matrix, The control and experimental cells were cultured for six weeks. The hPDLF cultured on the acellular dermal matrix was observed by Transmission Electron microscopy (TEM). Electron micrography shows that the hPDLF was proliferated on the acellular dermal matrix. This study suggests that the acellular dermal matrix can be used as a scaffold for hPDLF.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1311-1316
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• 2005

To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.51-58
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• 1987

The goal of reduction mammaplasty is a breast with natural contour and volume, aesthetically situated scars, and a well-placed, sensate nipple and areola. The most successful techniques achieve this through the excision of tissue from the lower part of the breast based on some variation. However, the Mckissock's vertical bipedicle technique is the popular method for reduction mammaplasty. As an alternative modified Mckissock's method, we have found the use of only an inferior dermal flap with a keyhole pattern to be a simple and safe method for obtaining satisfactory aesthetic results. We have used inferior dermal flap for 4 patients recently and obtained the advantages as below compare to the Mckissock's method. 1. Rich blood supply to the broad based inferior flap. 2. More easy transposition of the nipple and areola. 3. More good operation field for resection of breast tissue. 4. Short operation time. 5. Can applied to the gigantomastia.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2005

Objective: Congenital dermal sinus is a rare congenital disease that results from the failure of the neuroectoderm to separate from the surface ectoderm during the process of neurulation, where there is communication between the skin and the deeper structures. Their pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment strategy are well known. We analyze our series and compare our results with other series. Methods: Twenty patients were diagnosed as congenital dermal sinus and confirmed pathologically from October 1986 to July 2003 at our hospital. We studied the patients' clinical manifestations, radiological findings and pathological profiles. Results: Seven cases were located in the suboccipital area and 13 cases were located in the spinal area. Interestingly, 4 of 13 spinal lesion cutaneous openings were located lower than the 3rd sacral body level. 8 of 20 lesions were terminated at neural structures, 4 of 20 lesions were terminated at the intradural portion and others terminated at the extradural portion. Nine anomalies were combined with the dermal sinus, including 4 lipomas, 2 Currarino's triad, 1 encephalocele, 1 myelomeningocele and 1 diastematomyelia. Eleven patients had dermoid tumors. Conclusion: Congenital Dermal Sinus must be surgically removed immediately if they are diagnosed. The surgical procedure of congenital dermal sinus is complete removal, but in some cases, complete removal is impossible. In those cases, we removed all epithelial tissues. We consider sacrococcygeal dimple almost invariably have no connection with intraspinal structures. But, if other cutaneous manifestations are combined with cutaneous pits, it can communicate with the sacrococcygeal dimple.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.855-860
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• 2003

The effect of silver sulfadiazine (SSD) on the proliferation of human dermal fibroblast (HDF) was studied to determine the impact of the drug on the wound healing process and dermal mechanical strength. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80% confluency using DMEM with 10% FBS and viability of the cell was estimated using neutral red assay. In addition, the $2^{nd}$ degree burn wound was prepared on the anterior part of rabbit ear skin and dressings containing SSD were applied for 96 h. Presence of inflammatory cells and degree of re-epithelialization were investigated in the wound. After 15 day of the induction of burn wounds, the treated area was excised and dermal mechanical strength was quantitatively measured with a constant speed tensiometer. SSD was found to be highly cyto-toxic in cultured HDF cells. The topical application of SSD (2%) could control the infection as evidenced by the lack of accumulation of inflammatory cells in histological evaluation. Therefore, these observations suggested that the impairment of dermal regeneration and decreased mechanical strength of dermal tissue was resulted from the cyto-toxic effect of SSD on dermal cells. Since the decreased mechanical strength may lead to reduction in resilience, toughness and maximum extension of the tissue, the identification of optimum dose for SSD that limits infection while minimizes the cyto-toxic effect may be clinically relevant.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.423-439
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• 2022

The acute dermal and eye irritation tests of Photorhabdus temperata, a symbiotic bacterium of Heterorhabditis megidis Gwangju strain, were carried out in New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), following the guidelines of OECD and Rural Development Administration (RDA) of Korea. In both tests, neither dermal nor eye responses were found from all the P. temperata treated rabbits and the results were classified as non-irritating. That is, erythema, eschar, edema, and any other dermal critical signs were not observed from all the experimental rabbits in the dermal irritation test. In the acute eye irritation test, no clinical signs of cornea, iritis, conjunctiva (redness, edema, lacrima, and chemosis) were observed from all the experimental rabbits. Individual ocular irritation, mean ocular irritation, and acute ocular irritation were calculated as 0.0. The results of dermal and eye irritation studies on P. temperata indicated that this bacterium could be a safe and effective alternative bionematicide against the most serious plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes in the genus Meloidogyne.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 1997

The dermal papilla is known to playa major role in influencing the form and dynamics of the hair follicle, which probably involves regulatory substances crossing the basal lamina. But little is known about the junctions between the dermal papilla and the surrounding epithelial cells of the hair bulb, or between the connective tissue and the epithelial cells on the outside of the hair follicle. This study was performed to identify the ultrastructural differences between dermoepidermal junction of the skin and connective tissue-epithelial junctions on the outside of the hair follicle and around the dermal papilla of normal anagen hair follicles in the human fetal scalp skin. Electron microscopic findings of dermoepidermal junction in scalp skin showed that basal lamina was very irregular and undulated, and it contained many attachment plaques of hemidesmosomes with sub-basal dense plates, tonofilaments, and anchoring filaments. Also invaginations of plasma membrane of basal keratinocytes were seen. There were clear differences both on the outside of the follicle and around the dermal papilla as compared with similar junction in the skin. In particular, neither hemidesmosomes nor tonofilaments, as seen in dermoepidermal junction, were observed in the dermal papilla. Also attachment plaque, sub-basal dense plate and anchoring filaments were not observed at the junction on the outside of the follicle and the dermal papilla. There were some differences between connective tissue-epithelial junctions on the outside of the hair follicle and around the dermal papilla, ie, smoothness of basal lamina and orthogonal arrangement of collagen fibers were seen in the outside of hair follicle, but not in the dermal papilla. These results indicate that the mechanical connection between the hair follicle and the connective tissue component is much weaker than that between the corresponding components in skin, and it reflects the dynamic processes during the anagen phase of the hair follicle compared to the relatively permanent state of the epidermis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.218-218
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• 2020

Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant carotenoid, has been thought to provide health benefits by decreasing the risk of oxidative stress?related diseases. In the present study, we investigated the effect of an astaxanthin during the autophagic cell death induced by bisphenol A (BPA) which is known major environmental pollutants. We found that astaxanthin significantly blocked the autophagic cell death via inhibition of intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Astaxanthin significantly inhibited the phosphorylation mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) responsible for the expression of LC3-II and Beclin-1 in BPA-treated normal human dermal fibroblasts. We suggest that astaxanthin blocks autophagic cell death induced by BPA via the inhibition of ROS-mediated signaling events in human dermal fibroblasts.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 2002

This study was aimed to determine the urinary metabolite of IBP, one of the organophosphorus pesticides, as the biomarkers of exposure. Urine samples were collected for 24 hours in metabolic cages after oral administration and dermal application of IBP to rats. Identification of the derivatized urinary metabolite was determined by GC/MS and excretion time courses of the urinary metabolite was analyzed by GC/FPD. Urinary metabolite o IBP, diisopropyl phosphorothioate, was detected in rats urine both after oral administration and dermal application of IBP. Parent compound was not detected in the experiment. In GC/MS, the mass spectral confirmation for diisopropyl phosphorothioate ion was identified at m/z 254. Diisopropyl phosphorothioate was excreted within 48 hours and 72 hours after oral administration and dermal application of IBP, respectively. In this study, the same urinary metabolite of IBP was detected both in oral and dermal exposure. Generally, excretion of the urinary metabolite after oral administration was faster than after dermal application. It is suggested that urinary diisopropyl phosphorothioate could be used as the biomarkers of exposure to IBP.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

Numerous efforts are being made to develop an ideal dermal filler that should be bio-compatibility, non-immunogenicity, long-lasting and biodegradable without a toxic secretion. Biomaterials of dermal fillers are hyaluronic acid filler, calcium filler, PMMA filler and collagen filler depending on the ingredient. Although hyaluronic acid (HA) is most widely used, it has shortages such as short shelf life and low mechanical strength compare to extracellular matrix (ECM). The cartilage ECM composed of collagen type II, proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and in a minor part with glycoproteins. In this study, we developed a cartilage ECM injectable filler capable of improving biocompatibility and longevity compared with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. The ECM hydrogel was cross-linked by the reaction of N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for mechanical enhancement. Prepared ECM filler was compared with cross-linked HA by butanediol diglycidyle ether (BDDE), which is the most widely used natural polymers for dermal filler. In the results, the articular cartilage ECM hydrogel has great potential as a dermal filler to improve the biophysical and biological performance.