• Macromolecular Research
• /
• 제12권5호
• /
• pp.443-450
• /
• 2004

We have studied the effects that inorganic zeolite powder have on structurally different copolymer [poly(propylene-co-ethylene)] and terpolymer [poly(propylene-co-ethylene-co-l-butene)] systems and the possibility of preparing suitable porous composite films. The impact strength and yield stress of the composites did not improve upon any further loading of zeolite, but the modulus increased gradually with respect to the filler loading. The experimental modulus of each of the two systems was compared with theoretical models. We performed a morphological study of the filler mixing efficiency and image analysis. The number-, weight-, and z-average air hole diameters were compared with respect to the draw ratio as well as the zeolite loading. The experimental results suggest that these two matrices can provide a new choice for preparing future multiphase polymeric porous films by stretching them unidirectionally. In particular, we suggest that a 40 wt% zeolite loading at a draw ratio of 4 is useful for porous film applications.

• 한국건축시공학회지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2016

The semi-adiabatic calorimetry technique is a robust and easy technique that can be used to measure the temperature rise of concrete. This method is often used for investigating the maturity of concrete, as well as to predict maximum temperature rise of mass concrete using various heat loss compensating models. Semi-adiabatic calorimetry can also be used for predicting setting time of concrete. However, it has seldom been used to investigate the hydration characteristics of various cement paste samples. In this research, semi-adiabatic calorimetry and X-ray diffraction methods were used to investigate the hydration characteristics of 3 different ASTM type I Portland cements. First derivative of temperature rise (dT/dt) curve was used to isolate individual peaks. Based on the results of the experiments, a combination of dT/dt curve with XRD could be used to successfully identify hydration at a specific time period, showing its potential to be used as an alternative tool for hydration studies of cement-based materials.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제52권3호
• /
• pp.127-133
• /
• 2021

Platelet activation plays a major role in cardiovascular disorders (CVDs). Thus, disrupting platelet activation represents an attractive therapeutic target on CVDs. Esculetin, a bioactive 6,7-dihydroxy derivative of coumarin, possesses pharmacological activities against obesity, diabetes, renal failure, and CVDs. In other report, the effect of esculetin has been examined in human platelet activation and experimental mouse models, and esculetin inhibited collagen- and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation in washed human platelets. However, it had no effects on other agonists such as thrombin and U46619, and its mechanism is not also clearly known. This study investigated the effect of esculetin on collagen-induced human platelet aggregation, and we clarified the mechanism. Esuletin has effects on the down regulation of PI3K/Akt and MAPK, phosphoproteins that act in the signaling process in platelet aggregation. The effects of esculetin reduced of TXA₂ production and phospholipase A₂ activation, and intracellular granule secretion including ATP and serotonin, leading to inhibit platelet aggregation. These results clearly clarified the effect of esculetin in inhibiting platelet activity and thrombus formation in humans.

• 천문학회지
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

We report X-ray timing and spectral properties of the pulsar PSR J0205+6449 measured using NuSTAR and Chandra observatories. We measure the pulsar's rotation frequency ν = 15.20102357(9) s-1 and its derivative $\dot{\nu}=-4.5(1){\times}10^{-11}\;s^{-2}$ during the observation period, and model the 2-30 keV on-pulse spectrum of the pulsar with a power law having a photon index Γpsr = 1.07 ± 0.16 and a 2-30 keV flux F2-30 keV = 7.3±0.6 × 10-13 erg cm-2 s-1. The Chandra 0.5-10 keV data are analyzed for an investigation of the pulsar's thermal emission properties. We use thermal and non-thermal emission models to fit the Chandra spectra and infer the surface temperature T∞ and luminosity Lth of the neutron star to be T∞ = 0.5 - 0.8 MK and Lth = 1 - 5 × 1032 erg s-1. This agrees with previous results which indicated that PSR J0205+6449 has a low surface temperature and luminosity for its age of 800-5600 yrs.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.270-276
• /
• 2021

Physiological agents trigger a signaling process called "inside-out signaling" and activated platelets promote adhesion, granule release, and conformational changes of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (αIIb/β₃). Activated αIIb/β₃ interacts with fibrinogen and initiates a second signaling step called "external signaling". These two signaling pathways can cause hemostasis or thrombosis, and thrombosis is a possible medical problem in arterial and venous vessels, and platelet-mediated thrombosis is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, modulating platelet activity is important for platelet-mediated thrombosis and cardiovascular disease. Esculetin is a coumarin-based physiologically active 6,7-dihydroxy derivative known to have pharmacological activity against obesity, diabetes, renal failure and CVD. Although some studies have confirmed the effects of esculetin in human platelet activation and experimental mouse models, it is not clear how esculetin has antiplatelet and antithrombotic effects. We confirmed the effect and mechanism of action of escultein on human platelets induced by collagen. As a result, esculetin decreased Ca²⁺ recruitment through upregulation of inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor. In addition, esculetin upregulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent pathways and inhibits fibrinogen binding and thrombus contraction. Our results demonstrate the antiplatelet effect and antithrombotic effect of esculetin in human platelets. Therefore, we suggest that esculetin could be a potential phytochemical for the prevention of thrombus-mediated CVD.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2002

본 연구는 초당 2개의 속도로 이송되는 사과를 대상으로 측정된 투과 에너지 스팩트럼 데이터를 이용하여 사과의 당도예측 모델을 개발하기 위해 각종 전처리가 당도 예측 모델의 정밀도에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 신뢰성이 높은 당도 예측 회귀 모델을 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 스펙트럼의 산란 보정, 노이즈 감소 등을 위해 1차미분, MSC, SNV, OSC 및 이들 조합으로 구성된 전처리 알고리즘을 프로그래밍하고, 이들 전처리를 스펙트럼데이터에 적용한 결과 특히 MSC SNV에 의해 각 파장에서의 투과에너지와 당도와의 상관관계가 전처리를 하지 않은 경우에 비해 현저히 증가하였다. 각종 전처리를 수행한 후 당도 예측 회귀 모델을 개발하고, 검정한 결과, 전처리 방법에 따라 예측모델의 SEP가 최대 1.265%brix 에서 최소 0.507%brix로 큰 차이를 나타내었다. 이는 SEP를 최소화하기 위해 주어진 스펙트럼 데이터의 특성에 알맞는 전처리 방법이 개발 또는 선택되어야 함을 의미한다. MSC 와 SNV는 예측 정밀도와 밀접한 관계가 있으며, OSC는 PLS의 factor 수와 관계되는 것으로 판단되었다. 1차미분은 오히려 모델의 예측 성능을 저하시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 실시간으로 측정된 투과스펙트럼에 상대적으로 노이즈 성분이 많이 포함되어 이들 성분이 미분에 의해 강조된 것으로 판단되었다. 본 연구에 사용된 스펙트럼 데이터의 경우 MSC와 OSC 전처리를 수행한 당도예측모델이 $R^2=0.8823$, SEP=0.5071%brix, bias=0.0327로 가장 우수하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.94-99
• /
• 1997

Capsaicin is known to be an analgesic agent, affecting the synthesis, storage, , transport and release of substance p, the principal neurotransmitter of pain from periphery to the central nervous system(CNS). DA-5018, a newly synthesized capsaicin derivative has shown potent analgesic effect comparable to that of morphine in various rat models of experimentally inducted acute pairs. In this study the mechanism of analgesic actlvity of DA-5018 was examined. First, the electrically-evoked contraction of guinea pig trachea was inhibited by DA-5018 and these inhibition was recovered by incubation with capsafepine(3$\muM$), capsaicin receptor antagonist and this result suggested that DA-5018 has affinity on capsaicin receptor. The correlation between the norciceptive threshold and the release of substance P was evaluated. In vivo perfusion of slices of the rat spinal cord with DA-5018(10, 100$\muM$) produced a significant increase of the release of substance P and this increase was less than that of capsaicin(10$\muM$). The norciceptive threshold of rat treated with DA-5018(1 mg/kg, p.o) in tall pinch test increased from 2.9$\pm$0.3 to 23.5 $\pm$6.61. Tail pinch latency increased to a maximun at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then declined to control values by 120 min. The capsaicin-evoked release ot substance P from the spinal cord slices of rat treated with DA-5018 reduced from 2.38$\pm$ 0.79 to 0.69$\pm$ 0.26 pg/mg wet weight. This reduction reached to a minium at 15 min after DA-5018 treatment and then recovered to control value by 120 min. These results mean that analgesic activity of DA-5018 is due to release of substance P The effect of DA-5018 cream on electrically-evoked neurogenic inflammation of rat saphenous nerve was compared with capsaicin (zostrix-HP). DA-5018 showed 34% inhibition of the neurogenic extravasation while capsaicin showed significant 67% inhibition. This result indicates that the potency of DA-5018 in the release of substance P is less than that of capsaicin. These results suggest that the release of substance P is partially involved in the mechanism of analgesic action of DA-50l8.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.89-100
• /
• 2004

The comet assay (also called the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) has been widely used for detecting DNA damage and repair in individual cells. Since the conventional methods of evaluating comet assay data using frequency statistics are unsatisfactory we developed a new quantitative measure of DNA damage/repair that is based on all information residing in the dose/time-response curves of a comet experiment. Blood samples were taken from 25 breast cancer patients before undergoing radiotherapy. The comet assay was performed under alkaline conditions using isolated lymphocytes. Tail DNA, tail length, tail moment and tail inertia of the comet were measured for each patient at four doses of $\gamma$-rays (0, 2, 4 and 8 Gy) and at four time points after irradiation (0, 10, 20 and 30 min) using 100 cells each. The resulting three-dimensional dose-time response surface was modeled by multiple regression, and the second derivative, termed 2D, on dose and time was determined. A software module was programmed in SAS/AF to compute 2D values. We applied the new method successfully to data obtained from cancer patients to be assessed for their radiation sensitivity. We computed the 2D values for the four damage measures, i.e., tail moment, tail length, tail DNA and tail inertia, and examined the pairwise correlation coefficients of 2D both on the log scale and the unlogged scale. 2D values based on tail moment and tail DNA showed a high correlation and, therefore, these two damage measures can be used interchangeably as far as DNA repair is concerned. 2D values based on tail inertia have a correlation profile different from the other 2D values which may reflect different facets of DNA damage/repair. Using the dose-time response surface, other statistical models, e.g., the proportional hazards model, become applicable for data analysis. The 2D approach can be applied to all DNA repair measures, Le., tail moment, tail length, tail DNA and tail inertia, and appears to be superior to conventional evaluation methods as it integrates all data of the dose/time-response curves of a comet assay.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제53권3호
• /
• pp.244-250
• /
• 2008

도정하지 않은 정조의 81 시료로부터 스펙트럼을 수집하고, 백미 완전미도정수율 예측 희귀모델을 개발하기 위해 검량식을 작성한 결과 스펙트럼을 8 nm 간격으로 지정하고, 1차미분 방법으로 검량식을 작성한 완전미율의 결정계수는 MPLS에서 0.8353, PLS 방법에서 0.8416, PCR에서 0.5277를 나타냈다. 스펙트럼을 20 nm 간격으로 지정하고 1차미분 방법으로 검량식을 작성하였다. 완전미율의 결정계수는 MPLS에서 0.8144, PLS 방법에서 0.8354, PCR에서 0.6809를 나타냈다. 스펙트럼을 8 nm 간격으로 지정하고 2차미분 방법으로 검량식을 작성하였다.완 전미율의 결정계수는 MPLS 방법에서 0.7994, PLS에서 0.8017, PCR에서 0.4473을 나타냈다. 스펙트럼을 20 nm 간격으로 지정하고 2차미분 방법으로 검량식을 작성하였다. 완전미율의 결정계수는MPLS 방법에서 0.8004, PLS에서 0.8493, PCR에서 0.6609을 나타냈다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
• /
• 제12권6호
• /
• pp.629-635
• /
• 2019

여러 분야에서 사용되는 이미지 분류를 위한 딥러닝(Deep Learning) 모델은 오류 역전파 방법을 통해 미분을 구현하고 미분 값을 통해 예측 상의 오류를 학습한다. 엄청난 계산량을 향상된 계산 능력으로 해결하여, 복잡하게 설계된 모델에서도 파라미터의 전역 (혹은 국소) 최적점을 찾을 수 있다는 것이 장점이다. 하지만 정교하게 계산된 데이터를 만들어내면 이 딥러닝 모델을 '속여' 모델의 예측 정확도와 같은 성능을 저하시킬 수 있다. 이렇게 생성된 적대적 사례는 딥러닝을 저해할 수 있을 뿐 아니라, 사람의 눈으로는 쉽게 발견할 수 없도록 정교하게 계산되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 임의의 잡음 신호를 추가하는 방법을 통해 적대적으로 생성된 이미지 데이터셋을 탐지하는 방안을 제안한다. 임의의 잡음 신호를 추가하였을 때 일반적인 데이터셋은 예측 정확도가 거의 변하지 않는 반면, 적대적 데이터셋의 예측 정확도는 크게 변한다는 특성을 이용한다. 실험은 공격 기법(FGSM, Saliency Map)과 잡음 신호의 세기 수준(픽셀 최댓값 255 기준 0-19) 두 가지 변수를 독립 변수로 설정하고 임의의 잡음 신호를 추가하였을 때의 예측 정확도 차이를 종속 변수로 설정하여 시뮬레이션을 진행하였다. 각 변수별로 일반적 데이터셋과 적대적 데이터셋을 구분하는 탐지 역치를 도출하였으며, 이 탐지 역치를 통해 적대적 데이터셋을 탐지할 수 있었다.