• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2004

The enamel matrix derivative (EMD) has been recently used in the periodontal regenerative techniques. The present study was established to investigate the influence of EMD on human periodontal ligament cells using expression of mRNA of periodontal ligament specific gene (PDLs)17, PDLs22, type I collagen when EMD applied to periodontal ligament cells. Periodontal ligament cells were obtained from a healthy periodontium and cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) plus 10% fetal bovine serum and ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ with ascorbic acid. Test groups were two; One adds EMD in culture media and another added EMD and Dexamethasone (DEX) in culture media. Positive control group added DEX in culture media, and negative control group adds niether of EMD nor DEX. $Emdogain^{(R)}$ (Biora, Sweden, 30 mg/ml) was diluted by 75 ${\mu}g/ml$ concentration to culture media. For reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), total RNA isolated on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. mRNA of PDLs17 was expressed on days 14 and 21 in EMD or DEX group, and expressed on days 7, 14 and 21 in EMD plus DEX group, the other side, expressed on days 21 in negative control group. mRNA of PDLs22 expressed on days 7, 14 and 21 in EMD group, and expressed on days 14 and 21 in DEX group, and expressed on days 7, 14 and 21 in EMD plus DEX group. Negative control group expressed on days 14 and 21. Type I collagen was expressed on all days and all groups. These results indicate that EMD promotes differentiation of periodontal ligament cells, and this is considered to offer basis that can apply EMD to periodontal tissue regeneration technique.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.852-857
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• 1990

대체감미료로 사용되고 있는 당유도체들 fructo-oligo당, HMS, sorbitol 및 maltitol의 유동특성과 식품기능성을 설탕과 비교하였다. 시험된 모든 당유도체 용액은 농도범위 10%에서 원액에 이르기까지 뉴우턴성 유체특성을 나타내었으며 HMS의 점도가 가장 높고 fructo-oligo 당, maltitol, 설탕, sorbitol, 포도당 순으로 점도가 낮아졌다. 용액의 점도가 평균분자량과 직선적 상관관계 (r=0.8038)를 보였다. 농도증가에 따라 점도는 지수적 증가추세를 나타내었으며 농도의존성지수는 당알콜류가 HMS나 fructo-oligo 당 보다 낮았다. 온도증가에 따라 당용액의 점도는 지수적 감소경향을 보여 Arrhenius식을 따랐으며 유동활성화에너지는 sorbitol과 HMS가 설탕보다 큰 반면 fructo-oligo 당과 maltitol은 설탕보다 작았다. Fructo-oligo 당을 사과잼에 설탕 대용으로 사용하였을 경우에는 조직감에 영향을 미치지 않았으나 팥양갱에서는 견고성, 부착성, 탄력성, 응집성을 모두 크게 저하시켰다. HMS는 사과잼과 팥양갱에 설탕 대용으로 전량 대체할 경우 큰 조직감 변화를 가져오지 않으나 설탕과 50%씩 혼용할 경우 견고성이 크게 저하되었다. 반면 당알콜류를 설탕대용으로 잼이나 양갱에 사용할 경우 견고성, 부착성, 탄력성을 저하시켰다. Fructo-oligo 당과 HMS를 설탕에 첨가할 경우 캔디의 고화속도에 큰 변화가 없으나 sorbitol은 고화속도를 크게 저하시켰다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.527-532
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• 2010

A thiazolidinedione derivative, TD49 with the highly selective algicide to red tide was newly synthesized and its acute toxicity was examined in order to evaluate the effect on aquatic ecosystems of coast. Major three species having important role in the food chain of marine ecosystem, such as Skeletonema costatum of microalgae, Daphnia magna of crustacea, Paralichthys olivaceus of flatfish fingerling were employed for the acute toxicity assessment. $EC_50$ or $LC_50$ as the assessment criterion was investigated to each specie, and NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) from most sensitive specie to toxicity of TD49 were further calculated. $EC_50$ of S. costatum in 96-hour, $EC_50$ of D. magna in 48-hour, and $LC_50$ of P. olivaceus in 72-hour for TD49 were $0.34\;{\mu}M$, $0.68\;{\mu}M$, and $0.58\;{\mu}M$, respectively. NOEC from the results of S. costatum was estimated to be $0.20\;{\mu}M$ and PNEC was estimated as 3.40 nM by applying factor value of 100 to $EC_50$ $0.34\;{\mu}M$ of S. costatum. In addition, it was revealed that Solutol used as the dispersing agent of TD49 had very little toxic influence under the concentration range of $0{\sim}0.4\;{\mu}M$ used in TD49 toxicity experiment. Although the estimated concentration of TD49 that will be sprayed onto the coastal field for the algicide is higher than NOEC value, it is considered that the spraying concentration would not be a considerable problem due to a dilution effect by tide at the opened coast.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2019

본 연구는 중국 IP산업에서 웹소설드라마 분석을 통해 소비자 대중심리를 알아보고 웹소설 파생상품의 제작방향을 파악하기 위한 연구이다. 이를 위해 중국 웹소설드라마 특성이 파생상품의 수용태도와 행동의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 자료수집은 2018.10.15일~10.22일까지 중국 현지인들을 대상으로 수집한 설문조사 자료 612부를 표본으로 삼았다. 통계처리는 데이터 코딩(data coding)과 데이터 크리닝(data cleaning)과정을 거쳐, SPSS v. 21.0 통계 패키지 프로그램을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석방법은 빈도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 독립표본 t-test, 일원변량분석(One way ANOVA), 사후검정 Duncan test, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 웹소설드라마 특성인 화제성, 공감성, 흥미성이 파생상품 수용태도인 인지적인 태도 및 정서적인 태도에 유의적인 상관관계를 이루고 있다. 동시에 공감성이 화제성 및 흥미성보다 더 유의적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 화제성, 공감성, 흥미성으로 구성된 웹소설드라마 특성이 행동의도에 미치는 상관관계에서 웹소설드라마 모든 특성이 행동의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 흥미성 및 화제성보다 공감성이 구매의도 및 추천의도에 더 유의미한 영향을 미친 것이다. 셋째, 정서적 태도가 구매의도 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향은 인지적 태도가 구매의도 및 추천의도에 미치는 영향보다 더 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 중국 웹소설의 파생상품 제작방향 설정을 위한 기초자료이자 제작지침으로서 유용한 의미를 갖는다.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2019

본 논문은 문화콘텐츠의 영향을 받아 생긴 신조 중국어를 고찰하여 분석한 것이다. 한국 문화 산업이 크게 발달하면서 세계 곳곳에 한류 열풍을 일으켰다. 이를 통해 많은 한국어 단어, 신조 중국어, 그리고 문화에 대한 새로운 의식과 개념이 중국으로 들어오기 시작했다. 그중에서 한류 콘텐츠로 인해 중국 인터넷에서 나타난 신조어가 적지 않다. 신조 중국어는 한류 팬과 한국어 학습자가 많아지면서 폭넓게 사용하는 추세를 보인다. 한류 콘텐츠 영향의 중국 신조 중국어는 중국 신조 중국어의 중요한 부분이라고 여긴다. 이를 정확하게 인식하고 이해하기 위하여 먼저 중국 신조 중국어 구성방식의 6가지 분류, 즉 비유적 의미, 대치, 외래어 차용, 축약, 합성, 파생을 지적하였다. 이러한 구성방식은 한류 콘텐츠 영향의 중국 인터넷 단어에도 그대로 작용하여 3가지 한류 신조 중국어, 즉 한자로 표시하는 신조어, 알파벳으로 표시하는 신조어, 의미 확장, 그리고 새로운 의미의 획득을 통한 신조어로 분석하여 제시하였다. 그리고 그 생성 원인과 전망을 분석하였다. 그리고 각 분류에 따라 구체적인 뉴스 제목이나 노래 등을 실례로 들어 한류 콘텐츠 영향의 중국 신조 중국어의 현상을 확인하였다. 이러한 신조 중국어가 중국 어휘를 풍부하게 만들고, 소통을 순조롭게 하는 데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2007

N,N-dimethyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (DMS) is an N-methyl derivative of sphingosine and an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) and sphingosine kinase (SK). In the present study, we examined the effects of DMS on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration, pH, and glutamate uptake in human 1321N1 astrocytes. DMS increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and cytosolic pH in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with the $G_{i/o}$ protein inhibitor PTX and the PLC inhibitor U73122 had no obvious effect. However, removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ with the $Ca^{2+}$ chelator EGTA or depletion of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores with thapsigargin impeded the DMS-induced increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. Pretreatment of cells with $NH_4Cl$ or monensin reduced the DMS-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase. However, inhibition of the DMS-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase with BAPTA did not influence the DMS-induced pH increase. DMS also inhibited glutamate uptake by the 1321N1 astrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. It also increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and pH in PC12 neuronal cells. Our observations on the effects of DMS on 1321N1 astrocytes and PC12 neuronal cells point to a physiological role of DMS in the brain.

• 환경생물
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.368-376
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• 2003

The UV-B sensitivity was tested for the intertidal species Chondrus ocellatus from Korea, by measuring photosynthesis estimated as effective quantum yield ($\Phi_{PSII}$) of photosystem II (PS II), growth and content and composition of photosynthetic pigments and UV-absorbing pigments (UVAPs). The $$\Phi_{PSII}$ of the alga decreased with increasing time of exposure to UV-B radiation, followed by fast and nearly full recovery indicating dynamic photoinhibiton. Fresh weight-based growth and pigment contents of C. ocellatus were not seriously affected by UV-B radiation. A single broad peak at 327 nm was obtained from methanol extracts of C. ocellatus, and the absorbance peak increased with increasing UV. The single peak was resolved into three peaks (311, 330 and 336 nm) by the fourth -derivative, and quantitative change in response to UV-B radiation occurred only at 330 nm. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of purified extracts indicated that three MAAs (mycosporine-like amino acids) are present, asterina 330, palythine and shinorine. Field observations during three growing months showed that C. ocellatus exhibit the highest amount of UVAPs in May followed by July and little trace in September, coinciding with the species' phenology. In an ecological context, dynamic photoinhibition as well as accumulation of UVAPs may enable the shallow water red alga C. ocellatus to be well adapted to high UV-B environments.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1969-1982
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• 2015

The virtual inertia control (VIC) of wind turbine with directly-driven permanent-magnet synchronous generator (D-PMSG) can act similarly to the conventional synchronous generator in inertia response and frequency control, thereby supporting the system frequency stability. However, because the wind speed is inconstant and changeable to a certain extent and the D-PMSG is a complex nonlinear system, there are great difficulties in the virtual inertia optimal control of the D-PMSG. Based on the design principle of the active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), this paper presents a new VIC strategy for the D-PMSG from the perspective of power disturbance suppression in the system. The strategy helps fulfill the power grid disturbance estimation and compensation by means of the extended state observer (ESO) so as to improve the disturbance-resisting performance of the system. Compared with conventional proportional-derivative virtual inertia control (PDVIC), this method, which is of better adaptability and robustness, can not only improve the property of the D-PMSG responding to the system frequency but also reduce the influence of wind speed disturbance. The simulation and experiment results have verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the VIC based on the ADRC.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1985

The numerical calculation for solving boundary-value problem related to potential flows with a free surface is carried out by application of the localized finite element method. Only forced motion of 2-D body in infinitely deep fluid is considered, although this schemes is equally applicable to any first order time-harmonic problems of similar nature. The infinite domain of the fluid is separated into the inner flow field and the outer flow field with common inter-surface boundary. The finite element method is applied to obtain the solution in the inner flow field and the Green functions are utilized to represent the solution in the outer flow field. At the inter-surface boundary, the continuity of the value of potential and the normal derivative of the potential(i.e. matching condition) is conserved. The present method has better computational efficiency than the previous LFEM and the integral equation method of Frank. This enhanced computational efficiency is presumably due to the fact that the present method gives a symmetric coefficient matrix and requires less computational time in calculating the influence coefficient matrix of Green function than the integral equation method. And the irregular frequency desen't exist because the uniqueness of the solution is assured by the such that the exact free surface condition is satisfied on the boundary of the localized finite element region(i.e. inner region). As an example of the above method, the hydrodynamic forces for the circular cylinder and the rectangular cylinders are calculated. In the computed results, the small number of singularity distribution segments($3{\sim}6$) give good result relative to Ursell's and Vugts'.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2013

Backgrounds: Tanshinone IIA (TIIA), a phenanthrenequinone derivative extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, has been reported to be a natural anti-cancer agent in a variety of tumor cells. However, the effect of TIIA on gastric cancer cells remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the influence of TIIA on the malignant phenotype of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. Methods: Cells cultured in vitro were treated with TIIA (0, 1, 5, $10{\mu}g/ml$) and after incubation for different periods, cell proliferation was measured by MTT method and cell apoptosis and cell cycling were assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The sensitivity of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells to anticancer chemotherapy was investigated with the MTT method, while cell migration and invasion were examined by wound-healing and transwell assays, respectively. Results: TIIA (1, 5, $10{\mu}g/ml$) exerted powerful inhibitory effects on cell proliferation (P < 0.05, and P < 0.01), and this effect was time- and dose-dependent. FCM results showed that TIIA induced apoptosis of SGC7901 cells, reduced the number of cells in S phase and increased those in G0/G1 phase. TIIA also significantly increased the sensitivity of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells to ADR and Fu. Moreover, wound-healing and transwell assays showed that TIIA markedly decreased migratory and invasive abilities of SGC7901 cells. Conclusions: TIIA can reverse the malignant phenotype of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells, indicating that it may be a promising therapeutic agent.