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Multiple Actions of Dimethylsphingosine in 1321N1 Astrocytes  

Lee, Yun-Kyung (Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Pusan National University)
Kim, Hyo-Lim (Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Pusan National University)
Kim, Yu-Lee (Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Pusan National University)
Im, Dong-Soon (Laboratory of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Pusan National University)
Abstract
N,N-dimethyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (DMS) is an N-methyl derivative of sphingosine and an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) and sphingosine kinase (SK). In the present study, we examined the effects of DMS on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration, pH, and glutamate uptake in human 1321N1 astrocytes. DMS increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and cytosolic pH in a concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment of the cells with the $G_{i/o}$ protein inhibitor PTX and the PLC inhibitor U73122 had no obvious effect. However, removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ with the $Ca^{2+}$ chelator EGTA or depletion of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores with thapsigargin impeded the DMS-induced increase of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. Pretreatment of cells with $NH_4Cl$ or monensin reduced the DMS-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase. However, inhibition of the DMS-induced $Ca^{2+}$ increase with BAPTA did not influence the DMS-induced pH increase. DMS also inhibited glutamate uptake by the 1321N1 astrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. It also increased intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and pH in PC12 neuronal cells. Our observations on the effects of DMS on 1321N1 astrocytes and PC12 neuronal cells point to a physiological role of DMS in the brain.
Keywords
Astrocytes; Calcium; Glutamate; PC12; pH; Sphingosine;
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