• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.517-523
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• 2019

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of the five-sensory horticulture therapy on perceived stress and HRV in adults with depression. The participants were 26 (experimental group=13, control group=13) adult with depression and enrolled in the Regional C mental health welfare center from April to June 2018. The experimental group participated in a total of 8-session five sensory horticultural therapy once a week, and the control group provided horticultural therapy once to the desired subjects after the program. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. There were statistically significant change in perceived stress (t = 3.11, p = .005), LF (t = -3.39, p = .002) and SDNN (t = -2.48, p = .025) in experimental group compared to the control group. Therefore, this therapy was effective for reduction of stress among individuals with the depressive disorder.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.179-186
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• 2015

Objectives Adrenergic alpha 1 and 2 receptors work as pathways to control the serotonergic neuron moderation and mirtazapine acts as antagonist of these receptors. The adrenoreceptor alpha 1a (ADRA1A) gene, which encodes adrenergic alpha 1 receptor, has Arg-347Cys genetic polymorphism and the polymorphism has strong relationship with many neuro-psychiatric diseases. In this study, we explored the relationship between ADRA1A R347C polymorphism and mirtazapine treatment response in Koreans with major depression. Methods 352 patients enrolled in this study, and the symptoms were evaluated by 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating (HAMD-17) scale. After 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of mirtazapine treatment, the association between ADRA1A R347C polymorphism and remission/response outcomes was evaluated. Results Treatment response to mirtazapine was significantly better in T allele carriers than C allele homozygotes after 12 weeks of mirtazapine monotherapy. The percentile decline of HAMD-17 score in T allele carriers was larger than that of C allele homozygotes. ADRA1A R347C genotypes were not significantly associated with remission. Conclusions The result showed that treatment response to mirtazapine was significantly associated with ADRA1A R347C genetic polymorphism. T allele carriers showed better treatment response than C allele homozygotes. It can be supposed that T allele carriers have a trend of better treatment response to mirtazapine monotherapy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2010

Objectives : Jeon-Jeung(癲證) is one of negative symptoms from schizophrenia in Western medecine, which causes flattening of affect, emotional bluntness, and avolition. Compared with positive symptoms of schizophrenia, there is no established treatments that have been proved to be effective for negative symptoms, and since negative symptoms are chronically processed, they finally lead to devastate the mental health. Since Jeon-Jeung(癲證) is usually in set in adolescent period and tends to become chronic through life time, it is important to start getting treatments in early stage by being distinguished from other diseases, such as anxiety disorder. A patient in this case was affective blunting, general weakness, and delusion when sixteen years old. However, he refused to get Western medicine treatment and wanted oriental medicine treatment. Methods : The patient in this case had been suffered from severe stress from his family since he was young and had kept having irregular and unhealthy eating habits. Therefore, he diagnosed stagnant qi transforming into fire(氣鬱化火), heart blood deficiency(心血虛), and spleen-stomach deficiency cold(脾胃虛寒) and since then he had received several treatments including herbal treatment, acupumcture treatment, supportive therapy, and family therapy. These treatments were successful and reduced the level of symptoms. After discharged from the hospital, he had continued receiving outpatient treatment with his family for 8 months and his progress had been still observed after the discharge. Results : The symptoms of patient had been almost reduced and eliminated after he received 29days of admission treatment and the patient got better and better and now lives a normal life 8 months outpatient treatment. Conclusions : This result suggests that our oriental medical treatments and family treatments was effective on schizophrenia.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2010

Y$\grave{u}$zh$\grave{e}$ng(鬱證) comes from obstruction of qi by stress. The patient has depressed mood, irritable sign, chest discomfort, costal pain, angry state or some strange feeling on the throat. Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝) therapy is base on the theory of interrelation in five elements in oriental medicine. The contents of Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝) therapy include five subjugations of five emotions. Anxiety subjugates fear(思勝恐), fear subjugates joy(恐勝喜), joy subjugates pity(喜勝悲), pity subjugates anger(悲勝怒), and anger subjugates anxiety(怒勝思). Forgiveness program is a kind of psychological therapies to decrease the degree of anger and it is included in Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝) therapy. In this case, a female patient, 50 years old, who suffered from Y$\grave{u}$zh$\grave{e}$ng(鬱證) with chest discomfort, irritable sign, easily angry state, depressed mood, hot flush, insomnia. We used Oh-Ji-Sang-Seung(五志相勝) therapy besides herbal medication, acupuncture to her condition got improved. Therefore we reported it for the treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 1991

In an attempt to study sex differences in child behavior disorders, 834 clinic-refered children(582 boys and 252 girls) between the ages of 6 to 11 were assessed using CBCL parental form and the data were factor analysed to form empirically derived syndromes for each sex. The analyses yielded eight behavior disorder syndromes for boys and ten, for girls. Six syndromes(aggressive, hyperactive, delinquent, social withdrawal, emotional lability, physical complaints) were found in both sexes while obsessive, depressive and psychotic syndromes were organized differently in boys and girls. There were also considerable differences in item composition of the six syndromes common to box sexes, suggesting that clinical features of common behavior disorders such as aggression and hyperactiveity might be different for boys and girls despite their apparent similarity. The results were discussed in terms of culturally shared attitudes and beliefs concerning sex differences in behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to assess anger of middle school adolescents in an urban community using State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI)-Korean and Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), and to determine whether specific anger expression of adolescents is associated with certain psychopathology including depression. Methods : Data were collected from 395 middle school students and their parents in Incheon city. The students completed the STAXI, Children's Depression Inventory, Korean version of Mood disorder Questionnaire, and Conners-Wells' Adolescent Self-Report Scale (Short Form), and their parents completed the K-CBCL. Results : No significant correlation was observed between aggression subscale K-CBCL and each scale of the STAXI, except anger out (r=0.704). The scores for STAXI total and respective scales were significantly higher for female students than male students. A stepwise logistic regression model was used to explore the possible predictors for depression in adolescents and lower anger control and higher anger suppression were found to be predictors for depression in adolescence. Conclusion : There is a possibility of a large discrepancy between anger that the adolescents actually feel and parents' judgment of their children's anger. It must be considered in assessment of adolescent anger and use of further structured interviews is necessary. In addition, it may be useful to consider the anger expression style in adolescents who report depressive symptoms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.363-376
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was undertaken to learn what should be considered in a good clinical trial investigating a herbal medicine as an antidepressant. Methods : Five well-designed clinical trials published from 2000 to 2006 investigating SJWE in depressive disorder were selected. The trials were reviewed and compared in terms of methodology such as trial design, patient selection, efficacy & safety evaluation, and so on. On the basis of this review of the trials and the regulations and guidelines of KFDA, we suggest some points to be considered for a good clinical trial of a herb for depression. Results : Although every trial had its own unique design, procedure, objectives and so on, all trials used randomizing and double blinding methods. If there is no ethical problem, a placebo-controlled design should be considered in a herbal antidepressant clinical trial for depression. Conclusions : Some points to be considered in an optimal & good clinical trial for an antidepressive herbal medicine were suggested as follows: 1) randomizing and double blinding manner is essential, 2) if there is no ethical problem, placebo control design should be considered, 3) the trial period should be 6 weeks, 4) out-patients will be recruited as subjects, 5) investigators will be well-trained psychiatrists or medical doctors, 6) the number of subjects should be calculated by statistical methods, 7) subjects should be diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria, 8) subjects who have current risk of committing suicide should be excluded, etc.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.539-542
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• 2007

After analyzing the cases of treating female patients troubled with morbid leukorrhea, the writer drew the conclusions as follows. The shapes of patients with morbid leukorrhea show a large number of shapes of Gi type, Sin type or being inclined to be vigorous Gi, to have depressive syndrome due to disorder of Gi, to be Fire's nature flared upward, to become retention of phlegm and fluid, to become retention of Gi or to become retention of heat, or San syndromes. Accompanied syndromes of morbid leukorrhea appear over the body of upper, middle or lowe portion. In lower cho, the symptoms are menopathy, menstrual irregularities, menstrual irregularities, oligomenorrhea, itching of external genitals, San syndromes, infertility, lumbago which are connected with uterus. And in the middle cho, those are indigestion, nausea, distress in the stomach, vomiting, swallowing acid connected with digestive organs. And also in the upper cho, globus hystericus, chest distress, headache, dizziness, neck stiffness, heat in the upper, pimples connected with upper cho are appeared. Among the prescriptions of treatment for morbid leukorrhea, Ijintang was applied with the widest range of all. Besides that there were mainly prescribed for symptoms such as Gamisachil-tang, Haenggihyangso-san, Gamigwibi-tang, hyangsapyeongwi-san, Onkyung-tang, Banchong-san, Yongdamsagan-tang, Sogampaedok-san, Ojeok-etc.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2013

Purpose: Chronic periodontitis (CP) seems to be associated with stress and depression, but little information on this possible association is available in the literature. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association among stress, the salivary cortisol level (SCL), and CP. Methods: Seventy systemically healthy subjects were included in the study from January to September 2011. Full medical and dental histories were obtained, and the following measurements were recorded: 1) probing depth; 2) clinical attachment level; 3) bleeding on probing; and 4) tooth mobility. Saliva samples were collected for the evaluation of SCL (via a highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay), and all subjects also answered a questionnaire (i.e., the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale). The odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated, and one way analysis of variance and the Tukey-Kramer method were performed. Results: A total of 36 subjects with CP (51.4%) and 34 without CP were evaluated. Of them, all of the subjects with CP and one periodontally healthy subject were diagnosed with depression. Subjects with moderate CP had statistically significantly higher levels of SCL than subjects with a diagnosis of slight CP (P=0.006). Also, subjects with severe CP showed the same outcome when compared to those with slight CP (P=0.012). In addition, 46 subjects presented high SCL whereas 24 had a normal level. CP was found to be correlated with the SCL, with an OR of 4.14 (95% CI, 1.43 to 12.01). Conclusions: Subjects with a high SCL and depression may show an increased risk for CP.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2017

It was conducted that yoga practice for the visually impaired Elderly has an influence on boby composition, flexibility and depression disease. Also, It has a purpose to provide a method of movement and basic materials for them. The 18 seventy-year-old men or women without any experience of yoga from the visually impaired association of the elderly in G city were participated in a training yoga session. This experiment was performed by simple random sampling with the nine of treat group (yoga training) and the nine of control group. The data was analyzed by covariance analysis with 0.05 significant level. The treat group were conducted twice a week to exercise (60mins) for twelve weeks. In conclusion, it is proved that yoga exercise has a positive effect on body composition, flexibility and depression disease.