• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2023

Smoking is one of the three major risk factors for vascular disease along with hypertension and hyperlipidemia. It is true that smoking has a negative effect on the circulatory system, and the frequency of coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease is significantly increased in smokers. Many epidemiological studies report that smokers have an approximately two-fold increased risk of coronary artery disease compared to non-smokers. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between cerebral blood flow change and depression index after acute smoking. Cerebral blood flow tests were performed before and after smoking in 8 subjects. Changes in blood flow after smoking were correlated with the depression score and negatively correlated with the depression score. In particular, there was a strong correlation with changes in blood flow in anterior cerebral artery. It is well known that changes in blood flow after smoking have a negative effect. In addition, considering the study that smoking aggravates the symptoms of depression, it was found that smoking and depression are factors that negatively affect each other.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.75-99
• /
• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to analyze animal behavioral changes and related neurobiological mechanisms in recent studies using animal models with pain and depression. Methods : We conducted database search in Pubmed, NDSL, and EMBASE up to January 2021. Included studies were classified as depression-like behavior observed in pain model, pain-like behavior observed in depression model, and pain and depression comorbidity model. The results of pain- and depression-like behaviors, the changes of neurobiological mechanisms, and the treatment methods such as drugs, natural substance-derived chemicals, or acupuncture were analyzed. Results : We included 124 studies (81 studies in depression-like behavior observed in pain model, 19 studies in pain-like behavior observed in depression model, and 24 studies in pain and depression comorbidity model). Pain and depression comorbidity animal models were induced using various methods by drugs or surgery. Von frey test, a method for evaluating mechanical allodynia was the most commonly used for measuring pain-like behavior and the forced swimming test was the most commonly used for measuring depression-likes behavior. The changes of neurobiological factors, such as decrease of 5-hydroxytryptamine and increase of oxidative stress and pro-inflammation cytokines were generally changed in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, and spinal cord in all types of models. For treating pain and depression-like behaviors, various types of drugs such as antidepressant, tranquilizer, analgesic, and natural substance-derived chemicals were used. Acupuncture treatment was used in 4 studies. Conclusions : In the future, more diverse studies on the combined model of pain and depression need to be conducted. In addition, it is necessary to establish a mechanistic basis for the development of various treatments by identifying the common mechanisms of pain and depression.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 1999

At the beginning, researches on the biology of depression or affective illness have focused mainly on the receptor functions and neuroendocrine activities. And the studies of the past years did not break new theoretical background, but the recent advances in the research on the molecular mechanisms underlying neural communication and signal transduction do add some insights to many established ideas. This article will overview some of the more recent advances in the clinical researches of depression. Our major concerns to be presented here include the followings : (1) alterations in the post-synaptic neural transduction ; (2) changes in the neurons of hypothalamic neuropeptides ; (3) decreased peptidase enzyme activities ; (4) associations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities with serotonin neurotransmission ; (5) role of serotonin transporter ; (6) changes in the responsiveness of intracellular calcium ion levels ; (7) the inositol deficiency theory of lithium and depression ; (8) the transcription factors including immediate early genes ; (9) recent genetic studies in some families. This brief overview will suggest that changes in DNA occur during antidepressant therapy. These changes at the DNA level initiating a cascade of events underlying antidepressant modality will give us the insights on the molecular biological basis of the pathogenesis of depression and cues for a new class of antidepressants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.96 no.2
• /
• pp.203-207
• /
• 2007

Restorative effect of forest settings is an emerging issue in the field of forestry. It is also the central question facing those currently engaged in the psychotherapeutic interventions is which treatments work. This study was performed to investigate the efficacy of forest experience on alcoholics' depression. Among 531 participants in forest healing camps, 47 alcoholics who participated all three sessions of the camps were selected for this study. Using pre-test and post-test group design with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), mean changes in alcoholics' depression by completion of the camp was measured. The result of this study indicated that the 3-session of forest camp played significant role in reducing participants depression levels (i.e., positive changes in depression scores).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.29 no.6
• /
• pp.153-167
• /
• 2011

This study analyzed changes in postpartum depression in mothers from one month after childbirth to the first year using panel data collected overtime, in an effort to determine the relationship between the amount of change and child-rearing system variables. The subjects were 1097 mothers who belonged to both the lower and upper $30^{th}$ percentile groups in the depression change distribution of the 2008 Korean Children Panel Study (PSKC), a large, population-based study conducted by the Korea Institute of Childcare and Education. The data were analyzed by t-tests, $x^2$ tests, partial correlation coefficient analyses and regression analyses. The results are summarized as follows: First, the mothers' postpartum depression showed a significant increase during the first year as opposed to the first month after birth. Second, after controlling for socio-demographical variables of the mothers, the changes related to depression showed a positive relationship with child-rearing stress, and the child's emotional temperament, but showed a negative relationship with the mother's self-esteem, the child's birth order, and the father's participation in child-rearing activities. Third, variables having a significant effect on changes in postpartum depression were the mother's self-esteem and child-rearing stress, the child's age in months, and social support. Variables pertaining to the mother's characteristics variables had a more powerful effect than other child-rearing system variable categories. The results suggest the necessity to develop a parental education program or a mother-child health service in consideration of the variables that affect mothers, as determined in this study, in an effort to prevent postpartum depression.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.215-224
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study uses data from the 12th~17th Korea Welfare Panel (2017~2022) to analyze changes in depression scores due to the COVID-19 outbreak and the factors that influenced depression scores according to employment type. Methods: The difference in depression scores according to employment types before COVID-19 (12th~14th) and after COVID-19 (15th~17th) was analyzed. A fixed-effect model analysis was conducted before and after the occurrence of COVID-19. Results: After the outbreak of COVID-19, job satisfaction and family life satisfaction influenced the depression scores of regular wage workers. After the outbreak of COVID-19, annual income, health status, and satisfaction with family life affected the depression scores of non-regular wage workers. After the outbreak of COVID-19, leisure life satisfaction and family relationship satisfaction influenced the depression scores of self-employed. Self-esteem played a role as a control variable in lowering the depression scores of regular and non-regular workers, but did not play a role as a control variable for self-employed. Conclusion: Rather than the direct impact of infectious diseases such as COVID-19, social and economic changes resulting from policies implemented to prevent the spread affect workers' depression, and the impact varies depending on the type of employment. When implementing policies to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the future, policies that take employment type into consideration rather than uniform policies should be prepared, and measures for mental health also need to be prepared.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.396-405
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of obesity and depression level of obese children on body weight control program. The body weight control program included nutrition education, psychotherapy and exercise for weekly session during 9 months. The results from this study were as follows. A total of 27 obese children participated in this study. The average age of children was 11.7 years, 70% of children had regular exercise. Average exercise time was 1.2 hours and watching television time was 1.8 hours. Children's serum composition were within normal ranges. Rohrer index(RI) was significantly decreased to 163 from 167(p<0.001) and BMI was significantly decreased to 23.9 from 24.5(p<0.01) after body weight control program. There was not significant difference in depression score after body weight control program and there was not significant correlation between obesity and depression level. The response tendency of depression items indicated obese children had negative depression feelings and couldn't have hopeful mind to the future. But there were significant increase(p<0.05) in depression and hopeful mind in factor analysis. The suggestion and limitations of this study were discussed. These results suggest that body weight control program including nutrition education, exercise and psychotherapy may be effective for helping obese children.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.122-130
• /
• 2023

This study aimed to identify factors associated with depression by household type among the elderly in the community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects were 72,812 elderly aged 65 and over who participated in the 2020 Community Health Survey. Multivariate logistic regression with complex samples was performed to analyze the data. The incidence of depression was higher in single-person households than in multi-person households. In single-person and multi-person households, depression was higher in women, those over 75 years old, those with middle school graduates or lower, those with a household monthly income of 1 million won or less, and those receiving basic living recipients. Factors related to depression among the elderly in single-person households were physical activity, sleep time, and drinking, among the changes in lifestyle due to COVID-19. Factors related to depression among the elderly in multi-person households were physical activity, sleep time, consumption of instant food, and alcohol drinking, among the changes in lifestyle due to COVID-19, and psychological concerns due to COVID-19. Promoting mental health and developing customized programs by household type is necessary to prevent depression in the elderly in the community.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a School-based Depression Awareness Education Program on depression knowledge and help-seeking orientation for adolescent. Methods: The students of two high schools were allocated to the intervention (n=221) or control group (n=223) in this cluster-randomized trial. The school-based depression awareness education was a 3-hour program. The intervention group received pre, post and follow up tests while the control group received pre and follow up tests after two months. Depression knowledge, attitude to friends'depression, and help-seeking for professional assistance was evaluated at each test. Differences in the two month change between the intervention and control groups were analyzed by t-test or chi-square test. Results: There were positive changes in depression knowledge, response to friend's depression, and attitude to professional help-seeking in the post test compared to the pretest among intervention group. Improvement of depression knowledge was greater in the intervention group than in the control group (P=0.011), but there were no significant differences in response to friend's depression (P=0.268) or help-seeking orientation (P=0.263) after two months. Conclusions: School-based Depression Awareness Education resulted in significant positive changes in depression knowledge in high school students, but made no attitudes difference to professional help-seeking.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.652-665
• /
• 1994

This study was done to investigate the changes in the quality of life(QOL) of patients who received radiation therapy after surgery for breast cancer. For this purpose, 35 patients were interviewed using a questionnaire. They were followed over 8 month period from the beginning of radiation therapy. Changes in the QOL, side effect of the RT(radiation therapy), depression were measured. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of the side effect of RT increased significantly over the period of RT. When the RT was completed, the QOL score was the low-est, and the depression score was the highest, but the changes of these scores were not statistically significant. 2. When the 6-week RT was finished, the QOL was significantly correlated with QOL of the beginning of RT, depression at RT completion and age. At three months after the completion of RT, the QOL was significantly correlated with QOL of the beginning of RT, depression and side effect of RT at three months after the completion of RT. At six months after the completion of RT, the QOL was significantly negatively correlated with age. 3. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis, the major influencing variables on the QOL were various according to the time lapse after the RT. The QOL at the completion of RT was predicted by the QOL at the beginning of RT, depression at the completion of RT and age. The QOL at three months after the completion of RT was predicted by the QOL at the beginning of RT and side effect of RT and depression at three months after the completion of RT. The QOL at six months after the completion of RT was predicted by age. This study suggests that continuous nursing care be required for improving the QOL of breast cancer patients not only during the RT period but also for a long term after the completion of RT.