• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.18
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• pp.213-276
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• 1990

To revise and develop a 'Model' Curriculum for training the middle standing professionals equipped with professional technology and theories at the spot of the library, such process were executed as research on bibliographic material and literature, utilization of examination of various questionnaires, interviews with middle standing librarians at the spot of the library, a review on the operational state of the Professor's Association of Library Science of Junior Colleges, some consultation with the Research & Deliberation Committee on Curriculums, etc., and to review the present department of library science at the two-year course's short-term colleges or institutes in foreign countries, Germany which is thought to be similar to our nation's situations and its level of economy and Singapore which is considered to be a newly emerging nation were looked into typically. In particular, since studies on the curriculums of the Library Science Dept. of colleges had already preceded, thereby the framework of the 'Model' curriculum was already achieved, however to review how well such framework is applied to the spot of education and give some improvement on that, some unrelistic findings of different subjects in consideration with reality, while comparing those curriculum schedules of each Library Science Dept. with the 'Model' curriculum schedule, were supplemented or revised to be fit to reality. For some supplementing or revising proposals on the pre studied 'Model' curriculum, some tentative plans which focussed on each field respectively and some tentative plans which focussed on cultural subjects, required major subjects and elective subjects were suggested in duality to be referred to. On such a process of forming a harmony of educational theories and practice, it was planned to revise and develop curriculum in a sense emphasizing on practical exercise, and tried not to neglect on each of the fields of the curriculum centered on the areas of materials organization, linguistics, information resource, information science, library organization, & administration, etc. The study on curriculums should be performed flexible to be applied to the accelerating transition of sciences, and be good examples in instruction.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2009

This study draws from the hands-on experience of designing railway routes that pass very close to the Cultural Heritage Protection Areas. There have been many cases where the rail route plan is rejected during the deliberation process of National Cultural Heritage Alteration although it has been selected as the best alternative after much time and expenses are spent and public consensus is obtained. When the route has to be realigned, this often leads to project delay and possible counter protest from the local public. In an effort to prevent such problems from occurring over again, this study looks at the projects where railways pass close to the Cultural Heritage Protection Areas. We examine the nature of public protests and the route selection process that reflects these protests into consideration. Based on the experiences drawn from these cases, we offer a few suggestions that we hope will contribute to the success of the project. The suggestions include the right timing for the application of Cultural Heritage Alteration and route alignment technique.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.169-176
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• 2020

As the sound art field is keep growing and expanding, we shall contemplate from the sociology of the arts and cognitive science point of views to wisely accept and properly appreciate various artistic works and practices. It is because the value evaluation of new arts shall substantially involve analysis and inspections with considerations of today's complex environments, the creative productions, and the consumptions; because, such critiques are necessity for the advancement of new arts. This paper briefly introduces reasoning of including sociological analysis and criticism in evaluating sound arts beyond dichotomy of the fine arts and music fields. It also looks into changes and conditions of cultural arts grants and allowances of the interdisciplinary art genre in South Korea as it has been almost alone a playground for its domestic creative practices of the sound art. This paper is written in a hope to suggest some possible directions for future developments of these contemporary borderless and/or experimental arts.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.709-720
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• 2015

After analyzing the actual acquisition status of carbon labeling by year and by product for the past four years, as well as its certification in the construction-related sectors of greenhouse gas emission, this study attempted to present the problems and coping strategies upon issuing the carbon labeling certification in the landscape architecture. During the period of this analysis, the carbon labelings were acquired by 134 enterprises, 267 workplaces, and 735 products, while the percentage of acquisition was highest in the regular non-durable goods(49%), followed by energy-consuming durable goods(26%), regular production goods (19%), regular durable goods(3%), and service(3%). Furthermore, the acquisition certifications in construction sectors, were highest in the various pipes/panel(8 cases), followed by concrete(6 cases), gypsum board(4 cases), and landscape architecture materials(2 cases). The landscape architecture only had two cases in the acquisition certification for the first time in 2012, which accounted for 0.27% of the entire certification products, due to the uncertainty in the process, the lack of professionalism, and the lack of comprehension. However, the study conducted on the coping strategies for carbon labeling in the landscape architecture revealed the following: (1) regular reporting system management through the division of labor in the head office and factories, (2) the building of objective DB through the adoption of data management programs such as SAP, (3) continuous promotion and vitalization of the incentive system, (4) the adoption of mandatory or preferential application system in landscaping projects, management, and bidding, (5) enhancement of elasticity in deliberation of certification by recruiting experts in the landscape architecture sectors, and (6) provision of incentives for the cooperative firms acquiring the certification and support for their participation.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate the proper amount of subsidy required to operating dental hospital or clinic for the disabled. Models for estimating operating profit of general dental hospital/clinic and opportunity cost of operating dental hospital/clinic for the disabled was formulated. Data were collected from various sources such as the annual reports of Purme Hospital, one of the running dental hospitals for the disabled, statistics from Healthcare Bigdata Hub, operated by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service of Korean Government, and the deliberation data of non-reimbursable treatments in Seoul Dental Hospital for the Disabled. A dental hospital/clinic for the disabled was less profitable than a general dental hospital/clinic, of which the reason is that the chair time for the average patient is longer. However, It was false that a dental hospital/clinic for the disabled scored less average insurance fee for a treatment. Disabled patients had more frequent prosthodontic treatments, which had a high average insurance fee. There were some groups of treatments that could yield higher profitability in a dental hospital/clinic for the disabled; recall checks, and periodontal treatments.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.73-90
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• 2013

Rational debate and public conversation in the public sphere of social network are crucial conditions for realizing deliberative democracy. However, negative communication can occur online more frequently than in the real space, and mutually hostile messages are appearing. In the electoral process, citizens combining for particular candidates have made personal attacks against, abused and slandered the opposing candidates. Then, how and to what degree has the flaming behavior been appearing in the elections? Are there influencers to propagate the flaming behavior? And how flaming are these influencers, compared to internet users? This research focuses on the flaming behavior which occurred during the reelection for Seoul Mayor, in order to diagnose the role of social network as an online public sphere. This study analyzes the spreading degree of flaming messages depending on each issue, and the differences of messages between influencers and normal users. There was frequent flaming behaviors to distribute biased information which criticized, laughed at and maliciously attacked individual candidates. Moreover, influencers who advanced leading opinions, displayed a higher flaming degree than normal users.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1220-1227
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• 2003

To perform rational decision-making, autonomous agents need considerable computational resources. When other agents are present in the environment, these demands are even more severe. In these settings, it may be difficult for the agent to decide what to do in an acceptable time in multiagent situations that involve many agents. These problems motivate us to investigate ways in which the agents can be equipped with flexible decision-making procedures that enable them to function in a variety of situations in which decision-making time is important. The flexible decision-making methods explicitly consider a tradeoff between decision quality and computation time. Our framework limits resources used for agent deliberation and produces results that are not necessarily optimal, but provide autonomous agents with the best decision under time pressure. We validate our framework with experiments in a simulated anti-air defense domain. The experiments show that compiled rules reduce computation time while offering good performance.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.159-167
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• 2012

The regulation of continuous and adjacent development was introduced to prevent unplanned and improper development and to protect environment in green zone and non-urban area that was deficient in infrastructure. Though it has been effective, it was repealed in 2011 by disorderly development problem caused by crafty tricks around restrictions. Alternatively, the Urban Planning Commission is now deliberating on the development permit, but there are still much to be resolved such as improper committee formation and abuse of power, insufficient green corridor preservation, a lack of use of planning information system, discordance between landscape management guidelines in laws, etc. Therefore, we suggest several ideas for improvement of development permit system as follows; intensive deliberation system in the Urban Planning Commission, integrated commission for green corridor prevention, early establishment of urban planning information system, making a development permission guideline to minimize discretional act of the Urban Planning Commission, etc.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-38
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• 2009

"Bioethics" may have various meanings depending on its roles. It may mean professional ethics for scientists and physicians, etc. It may also mean an academic discipline using interdisciplinary approach as well as a philosophical or a legal approach. "Bioethics" as an interdisciplinary study should often deal with public policy on bioethical issues. I call this role bioethics as a study of bioethics policy, which has to be developed as a new discipline. From this perspective, I deal with bioethical issues relevant to a human life before birth. There are various and often conflicting arguments about the moral status of a human life before birth such as the fertilization argument, the argument of genetic identity, so-called the "14 days" argument focusing on the formation of primitive streak, the argument of sentient being, and Michael Sandle's argument of an embryo as a being between a thing and a person. I argue that each of them is reasonable. Thus we are faced with reasonable disagreement on the views over whether a human life before birth has the same right to life as that of a person or whether right to life may be considered to be a matter of degree. If we acknowledge reasonable disagreement, as John Rawls pointed out, we should tolerate the views from ours in a plural society. Therefore, we cannot help making a policy that allows abortion and embryonic research with some limitations. When we say a certain act is morally permissible, "moral permissibility" does not mean that the act is morally right for all. Rather it means that the act cannot help being morally allowed for some persons although the others do not believe its moral rightness because they cannot right now rationally persuade others to accept their view.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.467-496
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• 2012

Public participation in the decision making for scarce health resources is important because health policy requires trust based consensus, which can be achieved by public's understanding and involvement of related policies. In the past, opportunities for interaction between health policy decision makers and lay public were rare in Korea. As political impulses towards public participation in health policy have increased, a few of deliberation methods were attempted. However, there is little research, reporting such cases with a critical examination of relevant theories and previous studies. We first critically review the literature on public participation within theories of democracy, governance, and empowerment. Next, we report a case of a citizen council experiment, which was held to examine public's preferences among different benefit options regarding new drugs and medical technologies. Specifically, in an one-day long citizen council with a total of 28 lay public, twelve questions of whether a drug or a technology should be included in the benefit package of health insurance were asked. Pre- and post-surveys investigated participants' perception of public engagement in health policy. Although it was experimental, the citizen council ensured that lay public could be careful enough to rationally compare the costs and benefits of different options and collectively make decisions. Further, results from pre- and post-survey showed a strong willingness of members to be involved in health care decision making. In the conclusion, we emphasize that better theories and methods need to be developed for more cases of citizen participation in health care policy and management.