• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.161-170
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• 2000

This study was conducted to find biochemical status, dietary habits and dietary behaviors according to the degree of obesity among obese children, and to provide baseline data for nutrition education. The number of subjects was 64 obese children(Mildly obesed : MI 19, Moderately obese : Mo 30, Severely obese : SI 15) participated in '98 Summer Nutrition Camp'. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Weight and body fat rate was increased according to obesity degree(p<0.05). Total cholesterol and TG also was increased according to obesity degree but it was statistically significant. 2. In dietary habits, it wasn't statistically significant but MI tended to eat fast and to eat the snacks before sleeping. MO tended to skip the breakfast. SI tended to eat more snacks and dinner and they tended to overeat. 3. In cognition of self-weight, most obese children(93.7%) worried about their weight but 73.4% of obese children thought that it was possible for losing weight. There were no difference by the obesity degree. 4. In dietary behaviors, there were no statistically significant difference but MI and SI than MO tended to had worse dietary behaviors. 5. In life styles, SI than the others have tendency to have more regular exercise but they had more indoor activities than outdoor activities. 6. In foods intake frequency, SI than MI and MO ate instant foods more frequently and MI than the others ate hot and salty foods more frequently(p<0.05). With these result, MI and SI than MO tended to have undesirable dietary habits and behaviors. Many obese children worried about the weight but they had positive thought about losing weight. SI tended to do regularly exercise but they had more indoor activities than outdoor activities. Therefore, only with this study, it is difficult to say that there is the clear difference by the obesity degree. Because, in this study, we can have some difference among these groups, we should study more about these difference for effective, systemic and practical nutrition education in the future.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.695-706
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• 2006

This study was to investigate the relationship between time spent on lunch and degree of obesity, eating habits in culinary college male students. This survey was conducted using questionnaires for 106 male students in a Hongseung-located culinary college. Over 16 minutes of time spent on lunch group had significantly lower body weights, obesity degrees and body mass index (BMI) and tended to have lower body fat % than the other groups. It suggests that shorter time spent on lunch is related with lower body weight, obesity degree and BMI. Those who ate the meal prepared by mother had longer time spent on lunch. The shorter times spent on lunch group recognized their body shape was lean, the longer time spent on lunch group recognized the overweight or obesity significantly. The shorter time spent on lunch group tended to eat the cooked rice in the gug and recognized that they were not healthy. Those who had diseases in the past tended to have shorter time spent on lunch. The more they chewed cooked rice and then longer time spent on lunch they had, they recognized their eating speed was not significantly speedy. The shorter time spent on lunch they had, the fewer fruits and salty foods they ate significantly. This study suggests that more chewing time. slower eating speed and longer time spent on eatmg lunch is very related with lowering weight, BMI, body fat % and obesity degrees, so male college students should be educated to have correct eating habits.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.99-109
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Auricular acupressure with semen sinapis in obese children over a specific period of time. Methods : The study subjects included 27 obese children who were evaluated as such using Broca's Index at an elementary school located in M city. The data was collected throughout March 2, to May 31, 2005. In order to collect data, as a pre-test, characteristics of obesity and general characteristics were examined. Experimental treatments were used on Shinmun, Kijeom, Wijeom, Bijeom and Naebunbijeom. Among the auricular spots, one pill of semen sinapis was placed and pressed for five seconds at a time with exerted force and the subjects endured pain. This procedure was conducted ten tunes every morning, noon and evening for a period of six weeks. As a post-test, the degree of obesity were examined two weeks, four weeks and six weeks after acupressure had been applied. The data was collected and analysed using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program by number, percentage, mean standard deviation, and Repeated Measure ANOVA. Result : The first hypothesis that 'The obesity of the children who had auricular acupressure with semen sinapis will show no difference over time' (two weeks, four weeks and six weeks after acupressure had been applied) was rejected(p=.000). A statistically significant difference in the obesity of the children who had auricular acupressure with semen sinapis was shown over time. The children's obesity degree reduced from 35.85% before auricular acupressure with semen sinapis to 28.67% six weeks after acupressure. Thus after six weeks of acupressure the relative degrees of obesity were reduced by 7.18%. Conclusion : Bases on the above results, it can be determined that auricular acupressure with semen sinapis can be used as an effective method of treatment in Korea, for reducing degrees of obesity in children.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.209-217
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to understand the effects a mother's degree of obesity has on her daughter's obesity index, psychological well-being index, and nutrient intakes. The daughters, as study subjects, were classified into two groups according to their mother's body mass index (BMI): an obese group [BMI>25 kg/m$^2$, mother obesity group (MOG)] and a normal weight group [BMI<25 kg/m$^2$, mother normal weight group (MNG)]. The daughters in MOG showed significantly higher percent ideal body weight values than the daughters in MNG (p<0.001). MOG and MNG had significantly different psychological well-being index scores in terms of being classified into a highly stressed group (p<0.001), potentially stressed group (p<0.05), and healthy group (p<0.001). Intakes of daily energy, protein, fat, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, phosphorus, and iron were also significantly different (p<0.001) between MOG and MNG. In particular, the vitamin A and C intakes of the MNG daughters were significantly higher than those of the MOG daughters (p<0.001). Overall, the results showed that a mother's level of obesity was essentially related to her daughter's obesity index, psychological well-being index score, and nutrient intakes. Therefore, it seems necessary for mothers to maintain an ideal body weight to prevent obesity and diet related problems in their daughters.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.245-257
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• 2020

Background: Musculoskeletal pain is associated with obesity; however, information on factors associated with pain in adults with obesity and severe obesity is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain by site and intensity of pain and associated factors in individuals with severe obesity (body mass index ≥ 35.0 kg/㎡). Methods: Baseline data from the DieTBra Trial study evaluating pain symptoms in nine body regions over the last seven days using the Nordic Questionnaire on Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Numerical Pain Scale. The variables analyzed using multiple Poisson regression with hierarchical analysis were: sociodemographic, lifestyle, food consumption, clinical, and anthropometric, and the outcome was moderate and intense pain. Results: In 150 participants, there was a high prevalence of ankle and foot pain (68.7%), lower back pain (62.7%), pain in the knees (53.3%) and upper back pain (52.0%), with a predominance of intense pain. Factors associated with pain according to specific sites were: type 2 diabetes with hand/wrist pain; sedentary time with hip pain; insomnia with pain in the hip and knee; edema in the lower limbs with pain in the lower back and ankles/feet; degree of obesity with ankle/foot pain; and percentage of total fat with ankle/foot pain. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of pain and intense pain in individuals with severe obesity and an association with clinical variables, the degree of obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.98-111
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to review predictive factors associated with weight loss in moderate to severe obesity treatment. The direction of the treatment for moderate to severe obesity will be suggested in consideration of various factors. Methods: Authors searched the articles published from 2018 to 2023 in three international databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and two domestic databases (Research Information Sharing Service, Korean studies Information Service System). Studies including treatment with moderate to severe obese patients were selected. Results: A total of 43 studies were included. The main factors of weight loss were unchangeable predictors such as low initial degree of obesity, younger age, non-diabetes and high resting energy expenditure with changeable predictors such as increase in protein, physical activity, self-efficacy, initial weight loss and attendance of the treatment. Conclusions: Our review results suggest that based on the characteristics of moderate to severe obese patients, predictors of weight loss can be used to determine treatment and prognosis in various aspects.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.1 s.61
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• pp.103-114
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• 2005

Objective; Childhood obesity has become one of the most common health problems facing children in the world. Although a number of regimens have been developed and distributed for the treatment of adult obesity, few studies have focused on therapeutic programs for obese children. The objective of this study was to develop and measure the effects of Taeumin childhood obesity by a sasang constitution­based education program. Methods ; A total of 14$(\%RBW\geq20)$ among 18 taeumin with childhood obesity from June to August 2003 participated in the constitution-based education program. It was designed to examine the effects of a constitution-based education program through anthropometric measurements, body composition indicates, biochemical indicates and serum level of taeumin childhood obesity. Results; The results of this study were as follows: 1. The anthropometric measurement of subscapular skinfold thickness was reduced after 4 weeks of the constitution-based education program. 2. The body composition indicates reduction in degree of obesity, percent body fat, and fat distribution. The other side increased in height, total body water, soft lean mass, and lean body mass. 3. For biochemical indicates, HDL-cholesterol was increased significantly after 4 weeks of the constitution-based education program. The other side decreased in AST and ALT. 4. There was a significant reduction in BMI and $\%RBW$ after the constitution-based education program. Conclusion : A constitution-based education program for weight control results in reduced degree of obesity among taeumin children.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.506-515
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• 2002

This study examined the state of health and weight maintenance according to the body mass index (BMI) , and explored demographic variables, diet variables, the degree of stress etc. The results presented were based on data collected from 428 women who are mothers of the middle school children in Jeongeup city. Using SPSS WIN (Ver 9.0) , the frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were provided. The mean of BMI for the subjects was 22.6, the ratio of obese women (BMI $\geq$ 25) was 22.9%. The frequency of the reported circulation or respiratory related diseases was greater in the obese group compared to the normal weight ($20 \leq BMI \leq 25$) or the lean (BMI < 20) groups. The obese group had less awareness of obesity. Those who regard themselves obese had lower rates of satisfaction with their body shape and higher rates of interest in weight control. Approximately 65% of the subjects attempted weight reduction more than once. Subjects who were obese had the most undesirable dietary behavior. In particular, this group had the higher rates of rushed meals, overeating, meals while watching TV or newspapers, and snacking, and eating out. In analyzing the correlation of variables influencing obesity, there were positive correlations between obesity and overeating, obesity and the degree of stress. Correlations between obesity and satisfaction for life found to be negative. Moreover, stress had a positive correlation with obesity and overeating, and showed negative correlation with eating behavior. Consequently, stress seemed to induce undesirable eating behaviors and increase obesity. Of the demographic background variables, subjects who were obese tended to be older, had lower levels of education, higher rates of employment, longer period of marriage, the higher number of children, preschool children or children preparing for highschool or college, lower satisfaction with children and household life.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible causal factors of obesity in women with child-bearing experiences in effects to provide optimal information for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity. Sventy one women with child-bearing experiences were divided into five groups based on the degree of obesity by BROCA method ; normal weight, overweight, and obesity which was further divided into three groups of light, moderate, and sever obesity. Various anthropomnetric measurements, overall eating habits, and dietery intakes were asessed for each groups. Out of eighteen anthropometric factors asociated with obesity, thirteen measurements were represented to be valid for the diagnosis of obesity. Body fat % which was analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance fatnee Analyzer were 24.765, 28.05%, and 29.85 for normal, overweight, and obesity group respectively. WHR(waister to hip ratio) or BMI(body mass index) widely used index was also resulted to be valid as a predictor of obesity. Waist circumference which represents abdominal fat mass showed a good correlatin with body fat%. The analysis of dietary intakes suggested that the overintakes of total calorie may not be the only causal factor of obesity, rather the amount of daily protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes or the physical activity level would be more closely related with the prevalence of obesity. Further investigation considering more variety of food composition of diet and the activity level involving larger number of subjects would be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a 12-week web-based obesity management program for elementary school students and to evaluate the appropriateness of the developed program from experts and users. Methods: The development of a web-based obesity management program proceeded through the stages of analysis, design, development, and evaluation. After the application of the web-based obesity management program, the evaluation of appropriateness were conducted for knowledge of obesity, obesity control behavior and satisfaction of the program. Collected data has been analyzed using SPSS 19.0. Results: The name of the program developed by this study is healthful weight management and its URL is http://ihealth.or.kr. There were 6 major menus and 18 sub menus including diet, exercise and behavior modification in this program. This study showed that this web-based obesity management program had high satisfaction for a system and increase knowledge of obesity and obesity control behavior for obese children. Conclusion: We expect the web-based obesity management program for elementary school students developed by this study will be able to lead the practice and participation of obese children and decrease the degree of obesity.