• 제목/요약/키워드: degree day

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남향과 동향 집합주택의 냉방부하에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Cooling Load of South and East Facing Apartment Houses)

  • 박근우;이경희
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.129-137
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    • 2000
  • This study is about the difference of South and East facing Cooling load of Apartment s Houses using Dynamic Heat-flow Calculation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is come in to use Material for the Thermal Environments of Apartment Houses. The results of the analysis are below. (1) For the peak load of degree hour; The highest is "I" unit and the next high load is H, F, E, C, B, G, D and A unit for the south facing Apartment houses. The higher load is "H" unit and the next high load is I, E, F, B, C, G, D, A Unit for the east facing Apartment houses. (2) For the total load of degree day; The highest load is "I" unit and the next high load is H, G, F, E, C, B, D and A Unit for the south facing Apartment houses. The highest load is "H" unit and the next high load is I, G, E, F, B, C, D, A Unit for the east facing Apartment houses. (3) For the total load of degree day; The highest load is "H" Unit for the east facing Apartment houses and the Lowest load is "A" Unit for the south facing Apartment houses.is "A" Unit for the south facing Apartment houses.nt houses.

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슬러지의 호기성(好氣性) 퇴비화(堆肥化) (Aerobic Composting of Waste water Sludge)

  • 이찬기;김영래
    • 대한토목학회논문집
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    • 제7권3호
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    • pp.71-76
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    • 1987
  • 본(本) 연구(硏究)는 배뇨(排尿)슬러지를 퇴비화(堆肥化)시켜 유기물(有機物)의 감소(減少), 부식비도(腐蝕比度)와 퇴비화기간(堆肥化期間)을 알아보는데 그 목적(目的)이 있으며 실험실(實驗室) 반응조(反應槽)가 이용(利用)되었다. 실험(實驗)에 사용(使用)된 시료(試料)는 기뇨처리장(冀尿處理場) 슬러지로서 함수비(含水比)를 단계적(段階的)으로 변화(變化)시켜 퇴비화정도(堆肥化程度)를 알아보았다. 함수비(含水比)가 60%에서 퇴비화기간(堆肥化期間)이 약 10일(日)로 나타났고 COD는 37mg/l/day(lgr 건조 중량중)감소(減少)하였으며, C/N는 약 11~13, 부식비도(腐蝕比度)는 175정도(程度)로 나타났다.

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인터넷 의생활 정보에 대한 대학생들의 태도 분석 - 대구.경북 지역을 중심으로 - (Analysis of Attitude on Clothing Information from Internet Site in College Students -Daegu.Kyungpook Area -)

  • 은영자
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제10권2호
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    • pp.186-199
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    • 2002
  • This study is carried out to examine the purpose of utilization and the degree of satisfaction on the information collected from the Internet site for the understanding of the reality of clothing information for college students. The results are as fellows; 1 . Three primary factors have been abstracted for the satisfaction of information. 2. The difference in the purpose of utilizing information, depending on the individual characteristic of students and the features related to computer, was shown in the difference of major and school year, number of the internet connection per day, capability of using computer, period of using computer, and frequency of information searching. The more the number of internet connection per day, the less the capability of using computer, and searching for information when required, internet can be utilized for study and work. 3. The difference in the degree of information satisfaction, depending on the individual characteristic of students and the features related to computer, was shown in the difference of major, school year, opportunity to take computer-related course, frequency of searching information, and etc. More positive and satisfactory response was derived from these not majoring in clothing rather than those majoring, those taking computer course related to clothing, and those searching for clothing information periodically. 4. The primary factors affecting the satisfaction on the overall information of clothing show difference in terms of sex and frequency of searching information. Female students show lower degree of satisfaction than male students and more satisfaction on the information searched as the frequency of searching becomes less.

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콩절편의 소화율, 호화도 및 노화속도 (A study on Reducing Power, Degree of Gelatinization and Retrogradation Rate of Soybean Jeolpyon)

  • 정해옥
    • 한국식품조리과학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.162-165
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    • 1996
  • 단백질과 지방이 풍부한 우수 단백질원인 대두를 볶아서 절편에 첨가(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%)하여 제조한 콩절편의 소화율, 호화도를 조사하고 백절편과 콩절편 (기호도 측면에서 가장 우수한 콩가루 5% 첨가군)에 대하여 노화 속도를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1.콩가루의 양을 달리 첨가(0, 5, 10, 15, 20%)하여 제조한 콩절편의 환원력은 각각 54.8% , 58.3%, 62.3%, 66.7%, 72.1%로서 콩가루 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 전분의 in vitro 소화율이 향상되었다. 2. 호화도는 백절편이 87.2%, 5% 콩가루 첨가군이 88.4%, 15% 콩가루 첨가군이 88.8%, 20% 콩가루 첨가군이 89%로 나타남으로써 호화도가 미세한 정도로 향상되었다. 3. 노화속도는 저장중 경도 변화로부터 분석하였으며 대조구와 5% 콩가루 첨가군에서 노화속도 상수는 0.528 day이었고, 이때 시간 상수는(1/k)는 1.89일이었다.

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Assessment of the Dynamics of Microbial Community Associated with Tetraselmis suecica Culture under Different LED Lights Using Next-Generation Sequencing

  • Yang, Su-Jeong;Kim, Hyun-Woo;Choi, Seok-Gwan;Chung, Sangdeok;Oh, Seok Jin;Borkar, Shweta;Kim, Hak Jun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제29권12호
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    • pp.1957-1968
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    • 2019
  • Tetraselmis is a green algal genus, some of whose species are important in aquaculture as well as biotechnology. In algal culture, fluorescent lamps, traditional light source for culturing algae, are now being replaced by a cost-effective light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this study, we investigated the effect of LED light of different wavelengths (white, red, yellow, and blue) on the growth of Tetraselmis suecica and its associated microbial community structures using the next-generation sequencing (NGS). The fastest growth rate of T. suecica was shown in the red light, whereas the slowest was in yellow. The highest OTUs (3426) were identified on day 0, whereas the lowest ones (308) were found on day 15 under red light. The top 100 OTUs associated with day 0 and day 5 cultures of T. suecica under the red and yellow LED were compared. Only 26 OTUs were commonly identified among four samples. The highest numbers of unique OTUs were identified at day 0, indicating the high degree of initial microbial diversity of the T. suecica inoculum. The red light-unique OTUs occupied 34.98%, whereas the yellow-specific OTUs accounted for only 2.2%. This result suggested a higher degree of interaction in T. suecica culture under the red light, where stronger photosynthesis occurs. Apparently, the microbial community associated with T. suecica related to the oxygen produced by algal photosynthesis. This result may expand our knowledge about the algae-bacteria consortia, which would be useful for various biotechnological applications including wastewater treatment, bioremediation, and sustainable aquaculture.

제주도 벚나무에 발생하는 벚나무깍지벌레 월동성충의 산란시기 및 부화약충 이동시기 (Oviposition Time of Overwintered Females and Migration of Crawlers of Pseudaulacaspis prunicola (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Cherry Trees in Jeju Island)

  • 김동순
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제44권3호
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    • pp.231-235
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    • 2005
  • 본 연구는 제주지역에서 계절초기 벚나무깍지벌레 방제적기를 구명하고자 월동성충의 산란시기 및 부화약충의 이동시기를 조사하였으며, 이 자료를 기존에 보고된 뽕나무깍지벌레 적산온도 예찰 모형에 적합하여 비교 검토하였다. 벚나무깍지벌레 암컷 월동성충은 4월 중하순부터 산란을 시작하여 5월 상순에는 그 알이 부화하기 시작하였으며, 5월 중순경 부화약충의 이동이 가장 활발하였다. 이와 같은 봄철 벚나무깍지벌레 발생시기는 우리나라 남부지역 및 일본 중부지역에서 보고된 뽕나무 깍지벌레 발생시기와 대체적으로 일치하였다. 또한 봄철 뽕나무깍지벌레의 >50% 부화 난괴 발생비율(y) 추정 적산온도 모형(y=1/[exp(-(-a+bx))];, a=-18.80, b=0.073; x=적산온도, 1월 1일부터 발육영점온도 $10.5^{\circ}C$ 적용)은 벚나무깍지벌레 부화약충 이동시기와 일치하여 봄철 벚나무깍지벌레 방제적기 추정에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

흉부(胸部) X-선조사(線照射)가 가토폐포(家兎肺胞) 표면활성물질(表面活性物質)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effect of X-ray Irradiation on the Pulmonary Surfactant in Rabbits)

  • 이철
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology
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    • 제2권2호
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    • pp.63-73
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    • 1968
  • It is well known that mammalian alveolar membrane is covered with a very thin layer of surfactant film which characteristically reduces surface tension of alveolar membrane, and maintains alveolar stability. Since Clements in 1957 demonstrated that the surfactant is extractable by mincing the lung tissue in saline, various studies on the subject have been succeeded by many workers. However, the effect of radiation on the surfactant is not well clarified. Present study was attempted to observe the effect of x-irradiation on the activity of surfactant in rabbits. X-ray in dose of 300 r, 600 r or 900 r was irradiated to the chest of rabbits. The lung was removed from normal or irradiated rabbits sacrificed by arterial blood shedding, and lung-saline extract, adding 3 grams of lung tissue to 50 mili-liters of saline, was prepared by means of Vertis homogenizer. Tension-area diagram of lung extract was recorded automatically by a modified Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance with a synchronized recording system designed in this department. The surface tension of lung extract was measured at 1st, 2 nd, 3 rd, 7 th and 15 th post-radiation day in 300 r irradiated group, at 3 rd, 7 th and 15 th post-radiation day in 600 r irradiated group, 3 rd and 7 th post-radiation day in 900 r irradiated group respectively. For the histo-pathological study, lung tissue preparations were made in all irradiatiated groups on the day of experiment and in normal group. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The minimal surface tension, maximal surface tension and stability index of normal rabbits lung extracts were 7.68 dynes/cm, 38.84 dynes/cm, and 1.39 respectively. 2. The activity of surfactant was depressed prominently by x-irradiation. However, increase in the dose of x-irradiation did not show any significant change in the degree of surfactant activity suppression. The most marked depression in surfactant was observed at the third post-radiation day in all irradiated groups. 3. Activity of surfactant depressed by x-irradiation showed a tendency of recovering to normal on 15 th post-radiation day. 4. The tendency of change in activity of surfactant following x-irradiation was somewhat correlative with histo-pathological changes. But the degree of depression of surfactant by x-irradiation did not correspond to the degree of histo-pathological changes, and recovery of lung tissue from radiation damage, tissue edema and congestion, seemed to be followed by restoration of surfactant activity. 5. The width of the tension-area diagram was measured at the surface area of 40% in lung extract of normal and x-irradiated rabbits. And it was found that the changes of the width corresponded well with that of minimum surface tension and of stability index in all normal and x-irradiated groups.

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젓갈 성숙과정(成熟過程)에 있어 Protease 및 Formonitrogen의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(1) (Changes in Protease and Formonitrogen of Salted Fish and Shellfish (1))

  • 서명자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 1973
  • Salted fish and shellfish have been widely used in Korea from olden times as side-dishes, although the processes and methods of pickling have varied depending on localities. The common raw materials for these subsidiary food articles include anchovy, shrimp, yellow corvina, oysters, octopus, top-shell, shellfish, pollack roe and pollack intestines. It must be pointed out here, however, that the salted stuffs now marketed locally are highly unscientific and unsanitary in the way they are processed and sold, and this has prompted this writer to undertake a study on these native food articles. The following findings have been obtained from this study on the changes in Formonitrogen and Protease Activity, effected by the density of salt and the degree of storing temperature, of the pickles of cedfish gills, codfish intestines, pollack intestines, shellfish, oysters, cuttle fish and octopus. 1) Codfish Gills The Protease Activity of the pickled codfish gills was greater in the groups of lesser doses of salt and higher degrees of storing temperature. The same was true in the case of Formonifrogen, too. The Formonitrogen of the pickled codfish gills was larger in the groups of lesser salt and higher teimperature. 2) Codfish Intestines The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled codfiah intestines became greater, as time went by, in the groups of lesser salt than those of larger doses of salt, with the speed of its formation getting faster as the storing temperature rose from $5^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The Protease Activity was also greater in the groups of lesser salt and higher temperature. The group, stored at 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$, rotted in five days. 3) Pollack Intestines The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled pollack intestines was greater in the groups of lesser amount of salt and higher degrees of storing temperature. The Protease Activity of the pickled pollack intestines began decreasing from the 11th day after the pickling in the groups stored at colmparatively high degrees of temperature$(15^{\circ}C-30^{\circ}C)$, while that of the group stored at $5^{\circ}C$ kept rising. The effects of the amount of salt were little. The group stored at 15% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ started rotting on the 13th day while that stored at $30^{\circ}C$ decayed on the 7th day. The group stored at 20% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ rotted on the 9th day. 4) Oysters The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled oysters became greater as the storing temperature rose and the doses of salt were lowered. The Protease Activity was not affected at any measurable degree by the density of salt in the group stored at $5^{\circ}C$, but became greater as the storing temperature rose to $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The group stored at 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ rotted on the 5th day while that stored at 20% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ on the 13th day. 5) Shellfish The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled shellfish became greater, as time went by, it the groups of lower consistency of salt than the groups of higher density of salt, although the decay of the former groups was faster than the latter groups. The density of salt best fitted for the pickling appeared to be about 20% with the storing temperature to be $15^{\circ}C$, at which the pickled stuff became most tasty on the 7th day. The oysters stored in three groups at $5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ respectively showed the greatest Protease Activity alike at 0% of salt, but the activity declined as the density of salt increased. The Protease Activity of each group rose for the first 11 days after the pickling, but began declining from the 13th day onward, with the groups of higher temperature retaining higher Protease Activity than the groups of lower temperature. 6) Cuttlefish Both the amount of Formonitrogen and the degree of Protease Activity of the pickled cuttlefish were greater in the groups of lower density of salt and higher degree of storing temperature. The oysters pickled at 10% salt and $15^{\circ}C$ degenerated on the 13th day while that of 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ deteriorated on the 7th day. 7) Octopus Both the Formonitrogen and the Protease Activity of the pickled octopus were greater in the groups of lower density of salt, but as time went by, the Protease Activity in all groups dwindled after a climbing. In general, the Formonitrogen and the Protease Activity of the pickled oysters became greater as the storing temperature got higher. One group stored at 10% salt and $15^{\circ}C$ rotted in 13days while another group stored at $30^{\circ}C$ decayed in 7 days.

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세시풍속에 대한 여성의 인식 및 가사작업에 관한 연구 (The Study on the Concept and the Present State of Women's Housework for Traditional Customs of Four Seasons)

  • 허성미
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제31권3호
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    • pp.15-27
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    • 1993
  • The Purpose of this study is to serve as the basic data for the succession of traditional culture. The subjects of this study were (926) mothers and their daughters living in Taegu. The analysis of the data was done through SPSS pc+ programs. The major findings of this study are as follows: 1. Regarding to the degree of the people's participation in Traditional Customs of Four Seasons,“New Year's Day”,“Chusok(Chinese Thanks-giving Day)”,“Sangwon(The 1st Full-Moon Day)”,“boknal”are the occasions of the high participation. Ragarding to the characteristics of the groups participating, mothers' groups (compared with daughters'), the group with the positive concept about the customs(compared with the one with the negative concept), and the buddhist group(compared with other religion) are predominant. 2. Regarding to the degree of women's working lord for the Traditional Customs of Four Seasons, the significant variables on family environment in which the women are situated are family religion, The place of grown-up, Daugthers-in-laws order, and family type. Family type is found as the significant variable of Family environment in the degree of socialization of preparing effort of dishes. 3. Through factor analysis concepts of the Traditional Customs of Four Seasons are classified into 3 type, i.e.,「Conventional customs of good morals」,「Women's role in preparation for dishes」, and「The weights of the related load in women's housework」. 4. The direct factors influencing the women's housework related to Traditional Customs of Four Seasons are「Conventional customs of good morals」,「The weights of the related load in women's housework」and「The satisfaction of Traditional Customs of Four Seasons」. The indirect factor is found as 「Conventional customs of good morals」.

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중국 동북지역에서 옥수수 유효적산온도의 시공간적 분포 (Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Growing Degree Days for Maize in Northeast District of China)

  • 정명표;박혜진;심교문;안중배
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.302-305
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    • 2016
  • BACKGROUND: The northeast district of China, especially Liaoning province, Jilin province, and Heilongjiang province, is one of the largest agricultural production regions in China. These regions play a significant role in ensuring food security. Accumulated temperature such as growing degree days (GDD) is an important environmental factor for plant growth and yield. Therefore, in this study, temporal and spatial distribution of GDD for maize was examined as a basis to estimate the growth and yield of maize in these regions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Meteorological date produced by NASA (MERRA-2) was used to estimate GDD of maize at this study sites. The GDD was calculated from sowing (May 1) to harvesting (Sep. 30). The average GDD of this region between 2010 and 2015 was $1323.0^{\circ}C$ day (595.3-1838.9). The spatial distribution of GDD showed a similar pattern during the different years surveyed. Double cropping for maize could be in only Liaoning province, northwestern Jilin province, and western and eastern Heilongjiang province where the GDD was over $1600^{\circ}C$day. However, The GDD in eastern Heilongjiang province was varied by year. CONCLUSION: The GDD of maize in northeast district of China was varied spatially, but similar among recent six years at the same region. This result can be used to predict growth stage and yield of maize at these regions.