• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.1047-1051
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• 2004

Charge amplifier systems benefit from the very wide dynamic range of PE accelerometers by offering flexibility in adjusting the electrical output characteristics such as sensitivity and range. They are well suited for operation at high temperatures. Modern charge systems feature improved low noise operation, simplified digital controls, and dual mode operation for operation with charge or IEPE voltage mode sensors. high impedance circuitry is not well suited for operation in adverse field or factory environments. The resolution of a PE accelerometer may not be specified or known since noise is a system consideration determined by cable length and amplifier gain. IEPE accelerometrs operate from a constant current power source, provide a high-voltage, low-impedance, fixed mV/g output. They operate through long, ordinary, coaxial cable in adverse environments without degradation of signal quality. They have limited high temperature range. IEPE sensors are simple to operate. Both resolution and operating range are defined specifications. Cost perchannel is lower compared to PE systems since low-noise cable and charge amplifiers are not required.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1367-1377
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• 2010

Scientific research regarding the use of live bacterial cells for therapeutic purposes has been rapidly growing over the years and has generated considerable interest to scientists and health professionals. Probiotics are defined as essential live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Owing to their considerable beneficial health effects, these microorganisms are increasingly incorporated into dairy products; however, many reports have demonstrated their poor survival and stability. Their survival in the gastrointestinal tract is also questionable. To overcome these problems, microencapsulation techniques are currently receiving considerable attention. This review describes the importance of live probiotic bacterial microencapsulation using an alginate microparticulate system and presents the potentiality of various coating polymers such as chitosan and polylysine for improving the stability of this microencapsulation.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.133-138
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• 2001

Formal safety assessment (FSA) is defined as a structured and systematic methodology aimed at enhancing maritime safety including protection of life, health, and the marine environment and property, by using risk and cost/benefit assessment or, more specifically, it is a process of identifying hazard, evaluating risk and deciding on course of action to control those risks. Emphasis is placed on the structural aspect of the failure of cargo hold. This study is expected to illustrate how a new methodology, i.e. the Formal Safety Assessment, can be applied to specific ship safety problems.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.23-26
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• 2006

Modernized GPS will have three frequencies modulated with three signals, which will be accessible to all users in the near future. This new frequency provides an opportunity to resolve the double differenced (DD) integer ambiguity very fast and with almost no baseline constraints. In order to study the performance of triple frequency system for Ambiguity Resolution (AR) over the medium baseline under different ionospheric levels, the Klobuchar Model was implemented and used in our triple simulation to generate the ionospheric delay. Furthermore, the White-Gaussian noise applying to distance-dependent parameters was added to the DD ionospheric delay. For medium baseline (defined as here 20 to 40kms), success rates of AR has been pretty improved. In this paper, the medium baseline AR strategies that take advantage of carrier phase measurement on the third frequency will be discussed.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.242-253
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• 2014

Background: The low benefit coverage rate of South Korea's health security system causes catastrophic health expenditure. And catastrophic health expenditure can be the cause of the transition to and persistence of poverty. This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of catastrophic health expenditure on the transition to and persistence of poverty, using 6 years of the Korea Welfare Panel Study Data. Methods: This study was conducted among the 22,528 households that participated in the Korea Welfare Panel Study, 2007-2012. Catastrophic health expenditure was defined as equal to or exceeds thresholds (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of household's capacity to pay. The effect of catastrophic health expenditure on the transition to and persistence of poverty was ascertained via multivariate logistic regression. Results: Four-point-seven percent to 20.6% of the households are facing catastrophic health expenditure. Rates of the transition to (relative risk [RR], 18.6 to 30.2) and persistence of (RR, 74.8 to 76.0) poverty of households facing catastrophic health expenditure was higher than households not facing catastrophic health expenditure. Even after adjusting the characteristics of the household and the household head, catastrophic health expenditure was found to affect transition to (odds ratio [OR], 2.11 to 3.04) and persistence of (OR, 1.53 to 1.70) poverty. Conclusion: To prevent catastrophic health expenditure and transition to and persistence of poverty resulting from catastrophic health expenditure, the reinforcement of South Korea's health security system including the benefit coverage enhancement is required.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2003

TMDL development and implementation have great potential fur use in efforts to improve water quality management, but the TMDL approach still has several difficulties to overcome in terms of cost, time requirements, and suitable methodologies. A well-defined prioritization approach for identifying watersheds of concern among several tar-get locations that would benefit from TMDL development and implementation, based on a simple screening approach, could be a major step in solving some of these difficulties. Therefore, a web-based decision support system (DSS) was developed to help identify areas within watersheds that might be priority areas for TMDL development. The DSS includes a graphical user interface based on the HTML protocol, hydrological models, databases, and geographic information system (GIS) capabilities. The DSS has a hydrological model that can estimate non-point source pollution loading based on over 30 years of daily direct runoff using the curve number method and pollutant event mean concentration data. The DSS provides comprehensive output analysis tools using charts and tables, and also provides probability analysis and best management practice cost estimation. In conclusion, the DSS is a simple, affordable tool for the preliminary study of TMDL development via the Internet, and the DSS web site can also be used as an information web server for education related to TMDL.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:데이타베이스
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.668-681
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• 2006

XML은 다양한 장점으로 인해 인터넷 기반 환경에서 데이타 표현 및 교환의 표준으로 자리잡았다. XML이 데이타 표현 및 교환의 주요한 포맷으로 자리잡으면서 XML 데이타의 효율적인 저장 및 질의 처리에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. XML 데이타를 관계형 데이타 베이스시스템에 저장하는 것은 데이타 관리와 질의 처리에서 많은 이익을 가져온다. 왜냐하면, 관계형 데이타 베이스 시스템은 강력한 질의 처리 및 데이타 관리 기능을 제공하고, 이들 기능을 확장하여 XML 데이타에 적용할 수 있기 때문이다. 그러나, 이 방법을 사용하기 위해서는 XML 질의를 SQL 질의로 변환해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 대표적인 XML 질의 언어인 XQuery 질의를 SQL:2003 질의로 변환하는 질의 번역기를 설계 및 구현한다. SQL:2003은 SQL:1999을 대체하는 최신 SQL 표준으로, XML을 지원하기 위한 SQL/XML을 정의하고 있다. 본 논문의 주요 공헌은 다음과 같다. 첫째, SQL:2003 표준에서 정의하고 있는 XML 지원 특징을 살펴보고 미흡한 부분에 대한 사용자 정의 함수를 제안한다. 둘째, XQuery 질의를 SQL:2003 표준을 준수하는 SQL 질의로 변환하는 방법을 제안한다. 셋째, 번역기에 대한 설계와 구현을 자세히 기술하여 번역기의 가능성(feasibility)을 보여준다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제57권
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• pp.283-303
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• 2013

When a trade conflict arises related to an officially supported export credit programme, The World Trade Organization(WTO), decides on whether the programme is a forbidden subsidy stipulated in the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures(the ASCM Agreement). Korea was taken to the WTO panel two times for the export credit programme. One is the semiconductor case in 2002 and the other was the shipbuilding disputes in 2004. And, In 2012, the U.S. Commerce Department ruled K-SURE's export insurance for Korean refrigerator manufacturers as a forbidden subsidy even if the case was not taken to the WTO. This paper examines the significance of export credit programmes on the WTO ASCM Agreement and discusses how to operate these programmes so they would not infringe upon the Agreement by analyzing the actual cases of WTO subsidy conflicts that involved Korean enterprises in relation to export credit programmes for the purpose of determining the related issues and impacts. From this research the results were as follows: First, on whether export credit is a prohibited subsidy, the deciding factor was whether a benefit has been conferred to the beneficiary. On the presence of a benefit, the WTO panel used market benchmarks as the main criteria. Thus, official export credit agencies(ECAs) should be careful not to provide export credit support which had been granted to the beneficiary at better than market terms. Second, in the case of export credit, the special status of ECA as a public body receiving government support itself does not constitute a subsidy. However, caution must be taken not to provide export credit that may lead to WTO ASCM subsidy conflicts involving a certain exporter or industry by setting up clear and valid regulations and fair work processes in the operation of export credit programmes. Third, item (j) of Annex I cannot be interpreted reversely as this item is for interpreting the presence of a prohibited subsidy, not the presence of a benefit. Thus, an export credit program that confers a financial contribution, a benefit and specificity, could qualify as a prohibited subsidy. Fourth, ECAs not only have to maintain long-term account balance but also introduce additional measures to meet this long-term balance such as a clear and systematic premium system. Finally, export credit programmes that are not defined in item (j) of Annex I of the ASCM Agreement would not deemed as an prohibited export subsidy as long as the continued support of the programmes are not being forced.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.322-333
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• 2018

본 연구는 환경영향평가 제도 운영의 성과를 정량적으로 분석하기 위하여 화력발전소 대기질 분야에서 환경영향평가를 통한 환경영향 저감효과를 계량화하고 그로 인한 사회적 편익을 추정하였다. 환경영향평가의 성과는 제도의 시행여부에 따른 차이로 정의하고, 개별 사업이 환경영향평가를 시행하지 않더라도 준수해야하는 환경 관련 기준과 환경영향평가를 통해 협의된 협의기준을 비교하였다. 2010년부터 10년간 협의완료된 화력발전소 건설사업 전체 60건을 대상으로 환경영향평가의 시행여부에 따른 차이를 추정한 결과 주요 대기오염물질의 배출량이 크게 저감된 것으로 나타났다. $PM_{10}$의 경우 연간 3,745톤, $NO_2$는 74,569톤, $SO_2$는 37,647톤의 배출량이 저감되었으며, 이를 사회적 편익으로 환산한 결과 방법론에 따라 연간 2,397억 원에서 5조 9,665억 원으로 추정되었고, 이는 화력발전소의 운영기간 30년 동안 7조 1,916억 원에서 178조 9,944억 원에 이르는 규모의 사회적 비용이 절감되는 것을 의미한다. 저감된 대기오염물질의 배출량의 규모는 전국의 에너지 발전시설에서 배출되는 양의 절반에 이르며, 우리나라의 연간 경상의료비보다 큰 금액의 경제적 가치를 지닌다. 이는 모든 사업이 배출허용기준과 같이 관련 근거법에 따라서 획일적인 기준을 적용받지만, 환경영향평가 과정을 통해 대상 지역과 사업의 특성 등을 고려하여 각각의 사업계획이 수립됨에 따라 발생한 성과임을 의미한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2013

Integral cryptanalysis, which is based on the existence of (higher-order) integral distinguishers, is a powerful cryptographic method that can be used to evaluate the security of modern block ciphers. In this paper, we focus on substitution-permutation network (SPN) ciphers and propose a criterion to characterize how an r-round integral distinguisher can be extended to an (r+1)-round higher-order integral distinguisher. This criterion, which builds a link between integrals and higher-order integrals of SPN ciphers, is in fact based on the theory of direct decomposition of a linear space defined by the linear mapping of the cipher. It can be directly utilized to unify the procedure for finding 4-round higher-order integral distinguishers of AES and ARIA and can be further extended to analyze higher-order integral distinguishers of various block cipher structures. We hope that the criterion presented in this paper will benefit the cryptanalysts and may thus lead to better cryptanalytic results.