• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2013

In the oral and maxillofacial area, bone defects are created by various reasons and demand for bone grafts, while dental implant implantation has been increased consistently. To solve these problems, there has been development of autogenous tooth-bone graft material (AutoBT$^{(R)}$, Korea Tooth Bank Co., Korea), and we have collected ground reasons to substitute free autobone graft with this material in clinical use. This autogenous tooth-bone graft material is produced in powder type and block type. Block type is useful in esthetic reconstruction of the defect site and vertical and horizontal augmentation of alveolar bone because this type has high strength value, well maintained shape and is less absorbed. Therefore, the author of this study gained favorable result by grafting the block type autogenous tooth-bone graft material after dental implant implantation on the bone defects of the mandibular molar extraction site. Moreover, the author represents this case with literature review after confirming bone remodeling on the computed tomography image and by histological analysis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 1978

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.653-664
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• 2021

As the construction standards for energy-saving eco-friendly housing have recently been strengthened, the proportion of window work has increased with the demand for high-efficiency housing. Windows have high frequency of use, and there is the potential for many defects to occur depending on the characteristics of construction. According to a government agency's survey of defects in public rental apartment housing, defects in the windows work accounted for the highest portion of complaints received. Accordingly, related previous studies were considered, and it was found that the existing studies in Korea lacked research that reflected the construction characteristics of window work and the importance of maintenance. In addition, existing overseas studies considered both the constructor and the resident's position, considering the cost aspect together, and showed a trend of structuring the relationship between defects and causes. Therefore, this study will analyze the causes of defects that can occur in the construction phase of the windows work, reflect the construction characteristics, and derive major factors that consider the importance of maintenance based on the possibility of recurrence after repairing defects. Ultimately, this research will contribute to preventing defects in the construction phase and reducing maintenance costs by presenting a highly effective defect management plan through selecting the major factors for each defect type that can be intuitively judged by analyzing the causal relationship between defect types and causes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2009

Complex Products may present more than one type of defects and these defects are not always of equal severity. These defects are classified according to their seriousness and effect on product quality and performance. Demerit systems are very effective systems to monitoring the different types of defects. So, classical demerit control chart used to monitor counts of several different types of defects simultaneously in complex products. S.M. Na et al.(2003) proposed the Demerit-CUSUM for the improvement of the demerit control chart performance and Nembhard, D. A. et al.(2001) and G.Y Cho et al.(2004) developed a Demerit control chart using the EWMA technique and evaluated the performance of the control chart. In this paper, we present an effective method for process control using the Demerit-CUSUM with fast initial response. Moreover, we evaluate exact performance of the Demerit-CUSUM control chart with fast initial response, Demerit-CUSUM and Demerit-EWMA according to changing sample size or parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 1998

This paper presents experimental results on the application of very low frequency(VLF) voltage to replace conventional DC test as an after laying test for underground distribution cables. We carried out several tests to prove defects detecting ability of VLF test on the 5m length real cables having knife-cut or needle type defects which is made in our La.. Through this experiment we proved it is very difficult to initiate electrical tree from the defects inside of the cable insulation but once the electrical tree is initiated it grows very fast and VLF does not make new defects and expand the defect. Therefore VLF test equipment for quality inspection test of manufacture is more effective than field application for underground distribution cables.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.120-121
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• 2009

Single crystalline $ZnIn_2Se_4$ layers were grown on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate at $400^{\circ}C$ with hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system by evaporating, $ZnIn_2Se_4$ source at $630^{\circ}C$. After the as-grown $ZnIn_2Se_4$ single crystalline thin films was annealed in Zn-, Se-, and In-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of $ZnIn_2Se_4$single crystalline thin films has been investigated by the photoluminescence(PL) at 10 K The native defects of $V_{Zn}$, $V_{Se}$, $Zn_{int}$ and $Se_{int}$ obtained by PL measurements were classified as a donors or acceptors type. And we concluded that the heat-treatment in the Se-atmosphere converted $ZnIn_2Se_4$ single crystalline thin films to an optical p-type. Also, we confirmed that In in $ZnIn_2Se_4$/GaAs did not form the native defects because In in $ZnIn_2Se_4$ single crystalline thin films existed in the form of stable bonds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.989-995
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• 2013

Unlike fossil-or nuclear fuel-based power generation, wind power generation using inexhaustible wind energy is a pollution-free, hazardless power generation method. In this study, ultrasound thermography is used for fabricating specimens of wind power generator bearings and wind power generator supplement flanges, and an optimally designed ultrasound horn and ultrasound excitation system are used for detecting damage to part materials of a wind power generation setup. In addition, thermal flow analysis and ultrasonic thermography imaging are comparatively analyzed for improving the detection reliability in terms of surface and internal defects of part materials and for verifying the developed system's field applicability and reliability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.100-101
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• 2008

To obtain the single crystal thin films, $CuGaSe_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were $610^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$, respectively. After the as-grown $CuGaSe_2$ single crystal thin films was annealed in Cu-, Se-, and Ga-atmospheres, the origin of point defects of $CuGaSe_2$ single crystal thin films has been investigated by the photoluminescence(PL) at 10 K. The native defects of $V_{CU}$, $V_{Se}$, $Cu_{int}$, and $Se_{int}$ obtained by PL measurements were classified as a donors or acceptors type. And we concluded that the heat-treatment in the Cu-atmosphere converted $CuGaSe_2$ single crystal thin films to an optical n-type. Also, we confirmed that Ga in $CuGaSe_2$/GaAs did not form the native defects because Ga in $CuGaSe_2$ single crystal thin films existed in the form of stable bonds.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

Pipelines have the highest capacity and are the safest and the least environmentally disruptive way for gas or oil transmission. Recently, failures due to corrosion defects have become of major concern in maintaining pipeline integrity. A number of solutions have been developed for the assessment of remaining strength of corroded pipelines. However, these solutions are known to be dependent on material properties and pipeline geometries. In this paper, a Fitness-For-Purpose type limit load solution for corroded gas pipelines made of the X65 steel is proposed. For this purpose, a series of burst tests with various types of corrosion defects are performed. Finite element simulations are carried out to derive an appropriate failure criterion. And then, further, extensive finite element analyses are performed to obtain the FFP type limit load solution for corroded X65 gas pipelines as a function of defect depth, length and pipeline geometry. And also, a window based computer program far the assessment of corrosion defect, which is named as COPAP(COrroded Pipeline Assessment Program) has been developed on the basis of proposed limit load solution.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.265-270
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• 2016

Objectives: To gain information on anatomical variation in anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps in a series of clinical cases, with special focus on perforators and pedicles, for potential use in reconstruction of oral and maxillofacial soft tissue defects. Materials and Methods: Eight patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery with ALT free flaps after ablative surgery for oral cancer were included. The number of perforators included in cutaneous flaps, location of perforators (septocutaneous or musculocutaneous), and the course of vascular pedicles were intraoperatively investigated. Results: Four cases with a single perforator and four cases with multiple perforators were included in the ALT flap designed along the line from anterior superior iliac spine to patella. Three cases had perforators running the septum between the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle (septocutaneous type), and five cases had perforators running in the vastus lateralis muscle (musculocutaneous type). Regarding the course of vascular pedicles, five cases were derived from the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (type I), and three cases were from the transverse branch (type II). Conclusion: Anatomical variation affecting the distribution of perforators and the course of pedicles might prevent use of an ALT free flap in various reconstruction cases. However, these issues can be overcome with an understanding of anatomical variation and meticulous surgical dissection. ALT free flaps are considered reliable options for reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the oral and maxillofacial area.