• Title/Summary/Keyword: deep-sea environment

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Regional Occurrence and Sedimentary Environment of Manganese Nodule in KODOS area, C-C zone of NE Pacific (북동태평양 한국 심해저 연구지역 망간단괴의 지역적 분포와 퇴적환경)

  • Chi, Sang-Bum;Kang, Jung-Keuk;Oh, Jae-Kyung;Son, Seung-Kyu;Park, Cheong-Kee
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.257-267
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    • 2003
  • Deep-sea bottom photographs acquired in the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone of the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed to reveal the controlling processes for the spatial variation of manganese nodule. The results show that regional-scale occurrence variations of manganese nodule are mainly controlled by primary productivity of surface water, sedimentation rate, and water depth (or carbonate compensation depth). As a result, the diagenetic accretion on nodules increases toward southwest while hydrogenetic accretion increases toward northeast. Considering the northwestward movement of Pacific Plate, this regional-scale variation of manganese nodule occurrence seems to be affected by oceanic environment during the active growth period (Oligocene-Miocene) of Pacific Plate.

Economic Feasibility Assessment of a Deep Sea Water District Cooling System (건물냉방시스템에 해양심층수 적용의 경제성 분석)

  • Kim, Sam-Uel;Cho, Sooi
    • Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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    • v.29 no.2
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    • pp.14-21
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    • 2009
  • Recently, alternative energy resources have emerged considerably due to the high oil prices and environment problems. Deep sea water that is one of the natural energy sources can be one of the attractive solutions to reduce the environment problems, and there are already a few examples in some developed countries. In this study, cooling system of deep sea water using heat exchangers of two hotels, located in near Haeundae Bay in Busan, have been analyzed on the quantity of electricity and gas use comparison between existing cooling system and deep seawater cooling system by using E-Quest simulation program. The results of the study showed that the Hotel A approximately saves 370 millions won per year, and the Hotel B saves 248 millions won per year. It means that the cooling system by using deep sea water has great worth to reduce the ratio of fuel sources.

Trace Organic Contaminants in Sediments from Deep-sea Basin near Dokdo, Korea

  • Yim, Un-Hyuk;Oh, Jae-Ryoung;Hong, Sang-Hee;Li, Dong-Hao;Shim, Won-Joon;Choi, Hye-Kyung;Kim, Eun-Soo;Shim, Jae-Hyung
    • Ocean and Polar Research
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.391-398
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    • 2002
  • Trace organic contaminants in deep-sea sediments near Dokdo were analyzed. Total PAMs concentration ranged 14.8-314 ng/g dry weight and high molecular weight PAHs were dominant. The highest PAHs concentration was detected at A19 which located at Ulleung Basin. Most of organochlorines were under detection limit. Among the detected organochlorines, DDT compounds were dominant and followed by HCHs and HCB. Butyltin compounds and most of organophosphorus pesticides were not detected. Vertical distribution of PAHs showed typical sub-surface maximum and decreasing trends depending on depth. The highest PAHs concentration reached 454ng/g. Some organochlorines, DDT, HCH was detected and also showed decreasing trends. Other target organic pollutants were not detected in core sediments. Abnormally high level of PAHs concentration in A19 was discussed and the input sources were inferred to be the transport of sludge derived pollutant dumped at dumping site 'Byung' by deep current.

An Assessment of Energy Consumption on Deep Sea Water Cooling System (해양 심층수를 이용한 냉방시스템의 경제성 비교분석)

  • Park, Jin-Youn;Kim, Samuel;Jung, Kyung-Sik;Nam, Min-Sik
    • Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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    • 2008.06a
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    • pp.1279-1284
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    • 2008
  • The alternative energy has lately attracted considerable attention due to the high oil price and environment problem. Deep sea water that is one of the natural energy sources should be getting popular continually to reduce the environment problem. In this study, cooling system of deep sea water using heat exchangers of two hotels where is located in near Hae-undae Bay has been analyzed on the quantity of electricity comparison between existing cooling system and deep seawater cooling system. As shortly, the results of study showed that the first building approximately saves 370 millions won per year, also the second building saves 248 millions won per year. It means that the cooling system by using deep sea water has great worth to reduce the ratio of fossil fuel.

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The sea Trial of Deep-sea Crabster CR6000 System (심해용 크랩스터 CR6000 시스템의 실해역 시험 결과)

  • Jun, Bong-Huan;Yoo, Seong-Yeol;Lee, Pan-Mook;Park, Jin-Yeong;Shim, Hyungwon;Baek, Hyuk
    • IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.331-341
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents the sea-trial results of Crabster CR6000 which is a deep-sea walking robot developed by KRISO in 2016. Crabster CR6000 is designed to inspect deep-sea environment rejecting the disturbance on the silent and calm abyssal area. The sea-trial was conducted at the East Sea and the Philippine Sea on December 2016. The Crabster CR6000 undocked successfully from the Shuttle after touchdown on the sea-bed and walked out on the soft sediment soil of the 4,743m seafloor at the fourth diving in the Philippine Sea. The advanced technologies and capabilities of CR6000 were verified from the operational and functional test conducted in the sea-trial. The experimental data acquired from the sea-trial were summarized and the first experience of the deep-sea walking robot was presented in this paper.

Key Technologies for Floating Type Artificial Upwelling System to Strengthen Primary Production (해역 기초생산력 증대를 위한 부유식 인공용승시스템 요소기술)

  • Jung, Dong-Ho;Lee, Ho-Saeng;Kim, Hyeon-Ju;Moon, Deok-Soo;Lee, Seung-Won
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.78-83
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    • 2012
  • The abundant nutrients contained in deep seawater are delivered by natural upwellings from the deep sea to the surface sea. However, the natural upwelling phenomenon is limited to specific areas of the sea; in other areas, the thermocline separates the surface sea from the lower layer. Thus, the surface layer is often deficient in nutritive salts, causing the deterioration of its primary productivity and ultimately leading to an imbalance in the marine ecosystem. Without a consistent supply of nitrogenous nutritive salts, they are absorbed by phytoplankton, resulting in a considerable problem in primary productivity. To solve this issue, a floating type of artificial upwelling system is suggested to artificially pump up, distribute, and diffuse deep seawater containing rich nutritive salts. The key technologies for developing such a floating artificial upwelling system are a floating offshore structure with a large diameter riser, self-supplying energy system, density current generating system, method for estimating the emission and absorption of CO2, and way to evaluate the primary production variation. Strengthening the primary production of the sea by supplying deep seawater to the sea surface will result in a sea environment with abundant fishery resources.

Experimental Study of Surge Motion of a Floater using Flapping Foils in Waves (파도에서 플래핑 포일을 적용한 부유체의 서지 운동에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Sim, Woo-lim;Rupesh, Kumar;Yu, Youngjae;Shin, Hyunkyoung
    • Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • v.56 no.3
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    • pp.211-216
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    • 2019
  • In order to utilize the marine environment in various fields such as renewable energy and offshore plant, it is necessary to utilize the far and deep ocean. However, there is still a limit to overcome and utilize the extreme deep-sea environment. Currently, the mooring system, which is the representative position control method of floating structure, has a structural and economic limit to expand the installation range to extreme deep-sea environment. Research has been conducted to utilize wave energy by developing floater using flapping foil as an alternative for station keeping in the deep sea by University of Ulsan. Based on the research, a model test was conducted for application to actual structures. In this study, we investigate how the floating body with passive flapping foils move in regular waves with different periods and study the condition of the model that can maintain its position within a certain range by overcoming the movement.

Developed Ethernet based image control system for deep-sea ROV (심해용 ROV를 위한 수중 원격 영상제어 시스템 개발)

  • Kim, Hyun-Hee;Jeong, Ki-Min;Park, Chul-Soo;Lee, Kyung-Chang;Hwang, Yeong-Yeun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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    • v.21 no.6
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    • pp.389-394
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    • 2018
  • Remotely operated vehicle(ROV) and autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) have been used for underwater surveys, underwater exploration, resource harvesting, offshore plant maintenance and repair, and underwater construction. It is hard for people to work in the deep sea. Therefore, we need a vision control system of underwater submersible that can replace human eyes. However, many people have difficulty in developing a deep-sea image control system due to the deep sea special environment such as high pressure, brine, waterproofing and communication. In this paper, we will develop an Ethernet based remote image control system that can control the image mounted on ROV.

A Fundamental Study on the Effect of Ocean Fertilization by Deep Sea Water (해양심층수에 의한 해역 비옥화 효과에 관한 기초 연구)

  • Shiokari, Megumi;Tabeta, Shigeru;Kato, Takayoshi
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.198-207
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    • 2012
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of ocean fertilization by deep sea water, using an ecosystem model which contains not only phytoplankton but also zooplankton. The model is based on NEMURO which consists of eleven compartments - two species of phytoplankton, three species of zooplankton, $NO_3$, $NH_4$, $Si(OH)_4$, particulate organic nitrogen, dissolved organic nitrogen and particulate silicon. We introduced nitrogen cell quota in the both species of phytoplankton, and silicon cell quota in the large phytoplankton in addition to the eleven compartments of NEMURO. We made the experiment at Izu Oshima Island in order to investigate the effect of ocean fertilization. In this experiment, we could not find clear differences between the cases with and without deep sea water. We investigated the causes of the experiment results by the model simulations. One of the causes was high concentrations of nutrients in surface seawater used in the experiment. Another was that the increase of total concentration of inorganic nitrogen does not necessarily accelerate the photosynthetic rate because inorganic nitrogen uptake rate is related to the ratio of $NO_3$ to $NH_4$. Because the model can represent the results of the experiment, we investigated the effect of ocean fertilization by deep sea water using this model. We found that the effect of ocean fertilization hardly appeared when the interval of the addition of deep sea water was too short, or the amount of deep sea water was too much. It is supposed that if the addition of deep sea water is too frequent or too much, the dilution of plankton's concentrations will exceed the effect of promoting phytoplankton's photosynthesis.

Preliminary Experimental Study on Biofouling in Real Sea Environment (실해역 환경에서 생물부착에 관한 기초실험 연구)

  • Jung, Dong-Ho;Kim, Ah-Ree;Moon, Deok-Soo;Lee, Seung-Won;Kim, Hyeon-Ju;Ham, Yun-Ho
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.39-43
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    • 2009
  • A flow and low temperature of deep seawater the biofouling properties in a seawater environment of different materials, such as a steel pipe, polyethylene pipe, and nylon net, used for ocean industries. Experiments in a real sea environment were performed to grasp the quantitative and qualitative biofouling from diatoms attached to materials by measuring the Chlorophyll-a density. Experimental samples were placed under five types of ocean environmental conditions and analyzed every month for five months. It is shown that the biofouling by diatoms was strongly affected by the seawater temperature for all of the experimental samples. It was found that diatoms mainly adhered to the nylon net, while crustaceans prefer polyethylene, under a high temperature condition. It is believed that the biofouling properties are strongly related to the surface roughness of a material. The biofouling under the low temperature condition of deep seawater was rare and stable for the experimental periods. The inside of a pipe conveying deep seawater can be presumed to remain clear without biofouling on the condition of a flow and low temperature of deep seawater.