• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2002.08a
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimental Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27% of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P. 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.299-301
• /
• 2010

An acellular human dermal matrix (ADM) was applied to wounds from dogs with significant dead space and delayed healing. This treatment is typically effective for the treatment of wounds with subcutaneous dead space and injuries between muscular planes. The size of the dead space defect and the amount of wound discharge decreased rapidly with ADM treatment in the present study. The average time to disappearance of the dead space defect was 10 days. In addition, complications including severe inflammation were not seen in this case report.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.87-91
• /
• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different cutting times at 0, 10 and 20 days after lodging on the percentage of dead plants and bare ground, live and dead matter build-up, and botanical composition of orchardgrass dominated pasture during the mid summer season. For the test, a randomized block design with 3 replications was treated with 3 different cutting times (July 17, July 27 and Aug. 6). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The percentage of dead plants with cutting times at 0, 10 and 20 days after lodging was 26.3,41.7 and 46.7'%, respectively. 2. The percentage of bare ground with cutting times at 0, 10 and 20 days after lodging was 13.3,26.7 and 3 1.7%, respectively. 3. Dead matter build-up with cutting times at 0, 10 and 20 days after lodging was increased significantly with later cutting (p<0.05). The ratio of live and dead matter build-up with cutting times at 0, 10 and 20 days after lodging was 90.2:9.8, 47.7:52.3 and 39.1:60.9%, respectively. 4. Regrowth yield after lodging was decreased significantly (p<0.05) with later cutting time. 5. The percentage of legumes in botanical composition was increased greatly with later cutting time. The ratio of grasses and legumes with cutting times at 0, 10 and 20 days after lodging was 77.8:21.6,45.5: 50.3 and 36.5:61.7%, respectively.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 1999

Permeation behavior of the semiconductor rinsing wastewater contammg Si particles was examined by ultrafiltration using the polyolefin tubular membrane. Flux decline with time was due to the growth of Si cake deposited on the membrane surface and the pore plugging by Si particles. Cake filtration from the cross flow application is compared to the combination of pore blocking and cake filtration from the dead-end application. The cake resistance is 3.16 x $10^{12}$ -4.34 X $\times$$10^{12}$ $m^{-1}$ for the cross flow and 6.6 x $\times$$10^{12}$ -12.19 X $\times$$10^{12}$ $\times$$m^{-1}$for the dead-end flow, respectively. At the initial stage of operation, permeation flux of cross flow type was 1.7 time higher than that of the dead end flow type. Permeation flux of cross flow was about 42 e 1m2 hr and the rejection rate of Si particles was about 96 %. The average particle size of Si particle in the permeate was 20 nm.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2014

This paper presents a control method of Single-Inductor Dual-Output DC-DC Converter using Common mode feedback and differential feedback loops. To generate duty used for differential mode feedback loop, this paper propose relative sawtooth circuit using current divider circuit which makes ramp signal with variable dead-time. Two outputs of the Single-Inductor Dual-Output DC-DC Converter are specified for 2.8 V and 4.2 V with input voltage 2.5 V. The maximum conversion efficiency of designed SIDO DC-DC Converter is 95% at total output power of 539mW. Cross regulations of Boost1 and Boost2 are 3.57% and 4% each, when increasing twice times output current.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
• /
• 2008.11a
• /
• pp.567-571
• /
• 2008

PEM Fuel Cell operation mode can be classified into dead-end mode or open mode by whether the outlet port is blocked or not. Generally, dead-end type fuel cell has some merits on the pressure drop and system efficiency because it can generate more power than the open type fuel cell due to high operating pressure condition. However, the periodic purging process should be done for removing water which is formed as product of a reaction in the gas diffusion layer. In this study, cathode side dead-end type operation has been conducted. Moreover, pulsating flow generator at the outlet of cathode side has been suggested for increasing the period to purge the formed water because the pulsating flow can make formed water scattered uniformly over the whole channel. As a result, the purging period with pulsation increased by 1.5-2 times longer than that without pulsating.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2017

Objective: There are many types of exercises with upper and lower-limb action for activation of abdominal muscles for trunk stabilization. A comparison of the different exercise methods been very useful to enhance the result from the exercise for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate through surface electromyography (EMG) the changes in abdominal muscle activity during the performance of three different dead-bug exercise methods performed at three different speeds. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The subjects were 30 healthy adults (13 males and 17 females). We instructed the subjects to perform three different dead-bug exercises. We also applied three different speeds to the dead-bug exercises; 60 bpm, 90 bpm, and 120 bpm with use of a metronome. The assessment of EMG was percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction on the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), and internal oblique (IO). Results: EMG activation of the RA, EO and IO muscles was significantly greater at the higher speed (p<0.05). There was a significant increase in abdominal muscle activity during the dead-bug exercise performed with both the upper and lower extremities compared to that with only the upper extremity or the lower extremities (p<0.05). Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that the performance of the dead-bug exercise with both the upper and lower extremities combined at a high speed is more effective compared to other exercises. Therefore, it is suggested that more favourable and effective outcomes may occur when the type and speed of the exercise is chosen appropriately.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimetal Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6 ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1 ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8 ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27$\%$ of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6 kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P, 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7 kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.34 no.5B
• /
• pp.532-541
• /
• 2009

The RFID technology has attracted much attention these days due to the far better efficiency than the bar-code and magnetic card system. As an important usage, the 433 MHz active RFID tag was already adopted to the container ports in the United States and Europe for container loading/unloading automation and equipment location. However, there is one problem to be solved for the complete automation. RFID readers support only the direct communication with tags within their RF communication range. Then there are a lot of containers and equipments such as crane, yard tractor, and forklift in ports; and because they are made of metal, they interfere the RF communication, resulting in the occurrence of the dead-zone. In the dead-zone, RFID tags cannot receive any signal from readers. There may be several solutions to resolve the dead-zone problem. Among them, this paper suggests the most economical solution where RFID tags in the dead-zone can communicate with readers via neighbor tags in the multi-hop manner The new RFID communication architecture should be carefully designed in order to maintain the compatibility with the previous standard. Our experiment shows that the proposed architecture works well even in the case where some tags are out of the RF range of reader.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.48
• /
• pp.249-269
• /
• 2017

Promotion and marketing, which are essential to lower the investment risk and maximize commercial profit in the video game market. Game developers and publishers set up public relations strategies to encourage potential consumers' needs. Considering characteristics of video game, the trailer, which is the animated image advertisement material, could occupy a key position in its promotion and marketing plan. Cinematic spectacles and attractive narratives are essential ingredients for game trailers, which are usually produced in 3D animation. Dead Island is an open world first person shooters (FPS) game released in 2011. When launched, it grabbed a great attention with a trailer, awarded the Golden Lion Prize for the best internet film at the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. The game was a commercial success and several spin-offs were producted. In 2014, its publisher, Deep Silver showed the official trailer of Dead Island 2 at Electronic Entertainment Expo, the world's largest game show. Dead Island 2 was scheduled to be released in 2016, but has been now delayed until 2018. This study compares and analyzes two trailers of Dead Island 1 and Dead Island 2. We examine the narrative structure of the trailer for the sequel promotion of a successful game. The differences between the two could be useful for building a promotion strategy of other game series.