• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2021

Evaluating the quantitative damage to rocks through acoustic emission (AE) has become a research focus. Most studies mainly used one or two AE parameters to evaluate the degree of damage, but several AE parameters have been rarely used. In this study, several data-driven models were employed to reflect the combined features of AE parameters. Through uniaxial compression tests, we obtained mechanical and AE-signal data for five granite specimens. The maximum amplitude, hits, counts, rise time, absolute energy, and initiation frequency expressed as the cumulative value were selected as input parameters. The result showed that gradient boosting (GB) was the best model among the support vector regression methods. When GB was applied to the testing data, the root-mean-square error and R between the predicted and actual values were 0.96 and 0.077, respectively. A parameter analysis was performed to capture the parameter significance. The result showed that cumulative absolute energy was the main parameter for damage prediction. Thus, AE has practical applicability in predicting rock damage without conducting mechanical tests. Based on the results, this study will be useful for monitoring the near-field rock mass of nuclear waste repository.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.811-816
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• 2002

Waste heat exhausted from seven types of the domestic industry was surveyed, which include food, fibre, paper & wood, chemical, ceramics, metalworking and others. The databases of waste heat for each industry were made by using ACCESS software of Microsoft, and data were analyzed to get correlation between waste heat and purchase energy. The volume of usable waste heat is estimated to be 9,169,000 TOE in the year of 2000, when the minimum available temperature is set as $100^{\circ}C$ for waste gas, $30^{\circ}C$ for hot water and $100^{\circ}C$ for steam considering the condition of waste heat exhausting facilities and surroundings. This volume of waste heat is approximately 11.9 percent of the purchase energy of the domestic industry.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.416-424
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• 2000

Food waste is inevitable in any institutional food system. Although many factors contribute to plate waste, few quantitative studies of plate waste have actually been carried out. This study was undertaken to check (a) how the service style that affects the amount of plate waste, (b) the difference of plate waste between men and women and, (c) the influence of plate waste and customers'satisfaction to served meal. The survey was conducted through March 15 and April 9, 2000 by weighing the amount of plate waste and by questionnaires. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SPSS-PC program for descriptive analysis and ANOVA test. The results were as follows; (1) The largest amount, plate waste percentage measured were 19% of‘Hot alaska pollack soup’and 18% of‘Kuansh soup’respectively. (2) Amount of leftovers can be reduced if the pre-portioned serving style is changed to self-portioned serving. (3) The main reasons for leaving leftover were‘served too often’and‘disliked food’. (4) The customers'satisfaction rate was highly correlated with the leftover amounts.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2023

본 연구는 건축시 발생되는 폐기물의 자동분류를 위해 딥러닝 알고리즘을 활용해 건출 폐기물 데이터를 각각 목재 폐기물, 플라스틱 폐기물, 콘크리트 폐기물로 분류하는 두 모델들을 통해서 성능 비교를 한다. 건축 폐기물의 분류를 위해 사용된 딥러닝 알고리즘은 합성곱 신경망 이미지 분류 알고리즘 VGG-16과 NLP를 기반으로 이미지를 시퀀스화 시킨ViT, Vision Transformer 모델을 사용했다. 건축 폐기물 데이터 수집을 위해 이미지 데이터를 전 세계 검색엔진에서 크롤링 하였고, 육안으로도 명확히 구분하기 어렵거나, 중복되는 등 실험에 방해되는 이미지는 전부 제외하여 각 분류당 1천장씩 총 3천장의 이미지를 확보했다. 또한, 데이터 학습시에 모델의 정확도 향상에 도움을 주기 위해 데이터 확대 작업을 진행해 총 3만장의 이미지로 실험을 진행 하였다. 수집된 이미 데이터가 정형화 되어있지 않은 데이터 임에도 불구하고 실험 결과는 정확도가 VGG-16는 91.5%, ViT 는 92.7%의 결과가 나타났다. 이는 실제 건축폐기물 데이터 관리 작업에 실전 활용 가능성을 제시한 것으로 보인다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 추후에 객체 탐지 기법이나 의미론적 분할 기법까지 활용한다면, 하나의 이미지 안에서도 여러 세밀한 분류가 가능해 더욱 완벽한 분류가 가능할 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.643-650
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• 2003

We analyzed the amount of environmental loads, and the amount of energy consumption through life cycle assessment from a discharge stage to the ultimate disposal to municipal solid waste in Seoul. We carried out inventory analysis of the amount of environmental loads that made the object range collection, intermediate treatment, and the final treatment, and took into consideration each stage exceptions CO$_2$ and NOx , the amount of SOx discharge, and energy consumption. We applied the data of an object model, and acquisition processed the scale of an object model suitably and applied to it to difficult data using the data of the Yokohama City incineration plant in Japan. The amount of environmental loads per Iton of municipal waste were analyzed CO$_2$ 0.4C-ton, SOx 0.4kg and NOx 0.8kg. Moreover, the amount of energy consumption which is 2.4Gcal was computed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2013

The introduction of Extended Producer Responsibility(EPR), voluntary agreements and operating were analyzed in this study. The voluntary agreement to participate in the manufacturers, recyclers and management reporting agency data and literature data to verify through research and analysis assessing the performance of the management plan for this system was analyzed. The effectiveness of Voluntary Agreement(VA) on waste analysis system of voluntary agreements with the voluntary agreement of waste reduction savings exemption amount and reductions in greenhouse gases, such as comparison and understanding of business organizations participate waste recycling effects were verified. The Voluntary Agreements as a means of future regulatory system for the ongoing operation of the waste recycling operations and systems effectiveness analysis of the problems appearing in operators and manufacturers suggest ways to improve it.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.887-897
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• 2023

스웨덴, 스위스, 영국 등 폐기물 처분 선도국들은 고준위방사성폐기물 심층처분시설의 계획, 부지선정, 건설, 운영, 폐쇄, 그리고 폐쇄 후 관리 전 단계에서 안전성평가를 수행하고 있다. 안전성평가는 각 단계에서 반복적으로 이루어지며, 장기간에 걸쳐 다양하고 방대한 양의 데이터를 생성하므로, 안전성평가 자료를 위한 데이터베이스를 구축하고 효과적으로 관리하기 위한 자료관리체계를 구축하는 것이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 폐기물 처분 분야에서 선도적인 국가의 안전성평가 자료관리체계를 1) 안전성평가 입력 및 참조자료, 2) 자료관리 지침, 3) 자료관리 조직, 그리고 4) 자료관리 전산시스템으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 각 국가는 특정 부분에서는 차이를 보였지만, 안전성평가 입력자료를 처분 시스템 구성 요소를 기반으로 분류하고, 이를 제공, 사용, 관리하는 조직을 설립하며, 지침 및 매뉴얼에 따라 품질관리 체계를 구현하는 등 공통적인 특성을 보이고 있다. 이러한 사례들은 고준위방사성폐기물 처분시설의 안전성을 확보하고 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위해 효과적으로 데이터 관리 시스템과 문서 관리 시스템을 구축하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 시사한다. 이를 위해서는 유연하게 활용 가능한 입력자료의 분류, 입력자료의 일관성과 추적성 보장, 그리고 입력자료와 문서관리를 위한 품질관리 체계를 수립하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.197-202
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• 1994

This study is designed for analyzing the physical properties of grading, shape, specific gravity and etcetera of mine-waste as the aggregate of concrete when mine waste is crushed by jaw crusher, and is aimed presenting the using the possibility, content and reference data for the quality control of practical use on the concrete using the mine-waste aggregate.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2021

Waste accumulation is becoming a significant challenge in most urban areas and if it continues unchecked, is poised to have severe repercussions on our environment and health. The massive industrialisation in our cities has been followed by a commensurate waste creation that has become a bottleneck for even waste management systems. While recycling is a viable solution for waste management, it can be daunting to classify waste material for recycling accurately. In this study, transfer learning models were proposed to automatically classify wastes based on six materials (cardboard, glass, metal, paper, plastic, and trash). The tested pre-trained models were ResNet50, VGG16, InceptionV3, and Xception. Data augmentation was done using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) with various image generation percentages. It was found that models based on Xception and VGG16 were more robust. In contrast, models based on ResNet50 and InceptionV3 were sensitive to the added machine-generated images as the accuracy degrades significantly compared to training with no artificial data.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2005

음식물류폐기물의 직매립 금지로 종량제 봉투에 버려지던 상당량의 음식물류가 제외되면서 도시생활폐기물의 조성은 최근 급변하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2004년~2005년 2년간 3회에 걸쳐 중소규모의 도시 내 10개 지점에서 배출되는 도시생활폐기물을 발생원에서 수거하여 폐기물의 물리화학적 조성을 조사하고, 이로부터 음식물류폐기물의 직매립 금지조치가 폐기물의 성상변화에 미치는 영향을 정리하였다. 음식물류폐기물의 직매립 금지로 생활폐기물 중의 음식물류의 함량은 2004년도 대비 중량기준으로 약 12% 감소하였으며, 겉보기 밀도도 약 25% 감소하였다. 또한 전체 폐기물 중의 수분함량은 32.3%로 2004년도에 비하여 14.1% 감소하였으며, 폐기물의 저위발열량은 직매립 금지 후 약 32% 증가하여 2991.4 kcal/kg의 값을 나타내었다. 매립폐기물에 의한 매립가스 발생량은 연간 가스발생량 기준으로 최대 5%가 감소되어 매립지에서의 환경오염물질 배출량의 저감효과도 일부 예측되었다.