• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.25-37
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to fmd out the bask data for irrigation plans of tomato and chinese cabbage during the growing period, such as total amount of evapotranspiration, coefficients of evapotranspiration at each growth stage, the peak stage of evapotranspiration, the maximum evapotranspiration, optimum irrigation point, total readily available moisture and intervals of irrigation date. The plots of experiment were arranged with split plot design which were composed of two factors, irrigation point for main plot and soji texture for split plot, and three levels, irrigation points with PF 1.8, PF 2.2, PF 2.6 for tomato and those with PF 1.9, PF 2.3, PF 2.7, for Chinese cabbage, soil textures of silty clay, sandy loam and sandy soil for both tomato and Chinese cabbage, with two replications. The results obtained are summarized as follows 1. There was the highest significant correlation between the evapotranspiration and the pan evaporation, beyond all other meteoralogical factors considered. Therefore, the pan evaporation is enough to be used as a meteorological index measuring the quantity of evapotranspiration. 2. 1/10 probability values of maximum total pan evaporation during growing period for tomato and Chinese cabbage were shown as 355.8 mm and 233.0 mm, respectively, and those of maximum ten day pan evaporation for tomato and Chinese cabbage, 68.0 mm and 43.8 mm, respectively. 3. The time that annual maximum of ten day pan evaporation can be occurred, exists at any stage of growing period for tomato, and at any growth stage till the late of Septemberfor Chinese cabbage. 4. The magnitude of evapotranspiration and of its coefficient for tomato and Chinese cabbage was occurred in the order of pF 1.8>pF 2.2>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7 respectively in aspect of irrigation point and of silty clay>sandy loam>sandy soil in aspect of soil texture. 5. 1/10 probability value of evapotranspiration and its coefficient during the growing period of tomato were shown as 327.3 mm and 0.92 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 261.0 mm and 1.12 respectively. 6. The time that maximum evapotranspiration of tomato can be occurred is at the date of fortieth to fiftieth after transplanting and the time for Chinese cabbage is presumed to he in the late of septemben At that time, 1/10 probability value of ten day evapotranspiration and its coefficient for tomato is presumed to be 74.8 mm and 1.10 respectively, while those of Chinese cabbage, 43.8 mm and 1.00. 7. In aspect of only irrigaton point, the weight of raw tomato and Chinese cabbage were mcreased in the order of pF 2.2>pF 1.8>pF 2.6 and of pF 1.9>pF 2.3>pF 2.7, respectively but optimum irrigation point for tomato and Chinese cabbage, is presumed to be pF 2.6 - 2.7 if nonsignificance of the yield between the different irrigation treatments, economy of water, and reduction in labour of irrigaion are synthetically considered. 8. The soil moisture extraction patterns of tomato and Chinese cabbage have shown that maximum extraction rate exists at 7 cm deep layer at the beginning stage of growth m any soil texture and that extraction rates of 21 cm to 35 cm deep layer are increased as getting closer to the late stage of growth. And especially the extraction rates of 21 cm deep layer and 35 cm deep layer have shown tendency to be more increased in silty clay than in any other soils. 9. As optimum irrigation point is presumed to be pF Z6-2.7, total readily available moisture of tomato in silty clay, sandy loam and sandy sofl becomes to be 19.06 mm, 21.37 mm and 20.91 mm respectively while that of Chinese cabbage, 18.51 mm, 20.27 mm, 21.11 mm respectively. 10. On the basis of optimum irrigation point with pF 2.6 - 2.7 the intervals of irrigation date of tomato and Chinese cabbage at the growth stage of maximum consumptive use become to be three days and five days respectively.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2008

Because demineralized bone particle (DBP) contains various bioactive molecules such as cytokines, it is widely used biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering. In this study, we investigated the effect of 2-dimensional DBP/PLGA hybrid films on adhesion, proliferation and phenotype maintenance of intervertebral disc cells. PLGA films incorporated with different amount (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 wt%) of DBP were prepared by the solvent evaporation method and characterized by scanning election microscopy (SEM). PLGA film has a flat and smooth surface. According to the increase of content of DBP, the surface of DBP/PLGA film exhibited few agglomerates and increased the roughness of the surface. Annulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were cultured on PLGA and DBP/PLGA film surface, and then examined the cell adhesion and proliferation by the cell count and SEM observation. The result of cell count and SEM observation revealed that 10 and 20% DBP in DBP/PLGA films were superior to adhesion and proliferation of both AF and NP cells. We confirmed that specific gene expression of disc cells on DBP/PLGA film based on the cell count result. Disc cells seeded on 20% DBP/PLGA film expressed the gene of type I and II collagen continuously. Therefore, pertinent content of biomaterials could provide more appropriate condition on adhesion and proliferation of cell. And this results may be used as a basic data for the intervertebral disc regeneration using tissue engineering.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.677-688
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• 2007

돼지를 포함한 대부분의 동물은 일정한 발정주기를 가지고 일정한 시기에 배란을 하는 자연배란동물이지만, 토끼, 고양이, 밍크 등의 암놈은 교미자극에 의해 배란이 일어나는 유기배란동물이다. 또한 1년에 한 번만 발정하는 단발정동물과 1년에 수차례 발정하는 다발정동물이 있다. 이 중에서 모돈은 1년에 수차례 발정하는 다발정 동물로서 발정기에 들면 비발정기와는 다른 행동을 나타낸다(Diehl 등, 2001). 양돈가의 수익을 최대화하기 위해서는 비생산일수를 최소로 줄여야 한다. 모돈의 비생산일수를 줄일 수 있는 한 가지 방법은 성공적으로 교배를 시키는 것이다. 이처럼 성공적으로 교배를 시키기 위해서는 수정적기를 정확히 예측해야 한다. 만약 수정적기를 정확히 판단하지 못하여 수태가 되지 않으면, 비생산일수가 늘어나 손실을 입게 된다. 따라서 수정적기를 정확히 판단하는 것은 모돈의 성공적인 인공수정에 있어서 중요한 요소이다. 수정적기는 배란이 일어나기 전 10시간에서 12시간 사이이며, 발정이 시작되는 시점을 기준으로 하였을 때 경산돈의 경우 26시간에서 34시간 사이이고 미경산돈의 경우는 18시간에서 26시간 사이이다(Evans 등, 2001). 현재 하루에 두 번 모돈의 발정을 확인하는 것이 일반화되어 있으며, 이 때 웅돈을 접촉시키거나 육안관찰을 통하여 발정 유무를 판단한다. 이러한 방법에는 숙련된 기술과 풍부한 경험이 요구될 뿐만 아니라 총 소요노동력의 30% 정도가 요구된다(Perez 등, 1986). 하루에 두 번밖에 발정을 감지하지 않기 때문에 발정이 언제 시작되었는지를 정확히 알 수 없으며, 또한 발정의 대부분이 새벽에 시작되므로 수정적기를 정확히 판단하기란 매우 어렵다. 만약 발정을 감지했더라도 적기에 인공수정을 하지 못한다면, 수태율이 낮아지므로 경제적 손실이 초래된다. 현재 이러한 문제점 때문에 2회에서 3회에 걸쳐 인공수정을 하고 있으나 이에 따른 소요비용과 소요노동력 등은 양돈가의 부담을 가중시키는 요인이 되고 있다. 돼지는 발정기가 되면 비발정기에 나타내지 않던 외음부의 냄새를 맡는 행동, 귀를 세우는 행동 및 승가허용 행동 등을 나타낸다(Diehl 등, 2001). 또한 돼지는 비발정기에 비하여 발정기에 더 많은 활동량을 나타낸다(Altman, 1941; Erez and Hartsock, 1990). Freson 등(1998)은 스톨에서 개별적으로 사육되고 있는 모돈의 활동량을 적외선센서를 이용하여 측정함으로써 발정을 86%까지 감지하였다고 보고하였다. 그러나 이 연구는 단지 모돈의 발정을 감지하였을 뿐 번식관리에 있어서 가장 중요한 수정적기의 판단 기준을 제시하지 못하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 스톨에서 사육되는 모돈의 활동량을 측정함으로써 발정시작시각을 감지하고 이를 기준으로 인공수정적기를 예측할 수 있는 인공수정적기 예측 장치를 개발한 후 이의 성능을 농장실증실험을 통하여 시험하고자 수행되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.60-75
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to look for useful implications in its next application or similar planning by assessing visitors' recognition of International Garden Exposition Suncheon Bay Korea 2013. To do this, blogs acknowledged as powerful communication media in modern information society were used. After searching for blogs related to International Garden Exposition Suncheon Bay Korea in the portal site ranked first in the domestic market share, this study classified 300 cases. This study was able to grasp the consciousness as bloggers gave descriptions of information and impressions and experiences of spaces without making any adjustments. The survey results are as follows: First, Dutch gardens were the most preferred, followed by Korean gardens, Chinese gardens and French gardens; in general, visitors were not satisfied with the national gardens. Inquiry is needed into the method of determining diverse cultural identity rather than a sample garden type through blogs delivering regret regarding the world gardens. Second, the survey results showed that the level of awareness of designers' gardens was low. This study judges that more emphasis should be placed on their roles as places speaking for the original purpose of the garden exposition which introduces gardening art and design through experimental design. Third, it was understood that many bloggers were deeply impressed by ephemeral landscapes like the change in landscape consequent on the elapse of time, distinctive atmosphere, and detailed-landscapes. These aspects are important landscape elements, and those elements should be addressed with weight in a subsequent study. Fourth, the most impressive places are 'Suncheon Lake Garden' and 'Bridge of Dreams', which are establishing themselves as icons of International Garden Exposition Suncheon Bay Korea 2013. However, relatively, public attitude towards the world gardens and designers' gardens are weak. Fifth, bloggers were providing a variety of information like transportation, events schedules, ticket purchasing & prices, discount information, etc. Ticket price was commented on the most, and most of the bloggers thought ticket prices were 'expensive'. This study understands such a phenomenon as a result of the general population's non-establishment of the perception that it's proper to view gardens at visitors' own expense. Generally, bloggers expressed satisfaction with International Garden Exposition Suncheon Bay Korea 2013, but with criticism as well. Their criticism included disappointing matters, to be improved upon and wishes without any distortion, providing meaningful implications deserving reference for similar cases. In this context, a blogger could be called a citizen-reviewer while a blog could be referred to as 'a field of informal discourse' for the public. As a research method of this study, blogs are difficult to interpret as they are subjective and personal, and have limited data analysis through their quantifications; however, blogs as methods of recognition survey are channels for varied, concrete and detailed awareness which are hard to grasp through a questionnaire survey or interviews. This study judges that such an aspect of a blog could be a useful means of grasping and reflecting upon visitors' attitude in future studies.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-128
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate home economics teachers' perception of cultural diversity education, to provide an efficient educational material for the multicultural education in teacher education and teacher retraining. 160 Home economics teachers answered the survey questionnaires. To analyze the data, SPSS 19.0 for Windows was used to conduct frequency analysis, factorial analysis, credibility analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Duncan's multiple comparison. The results of this study were as follows. Four dimensions of cultural diversity education were derived by factor analysis: cultural equality, diversity implementation, diversity value, comfort with diversity. As for their awareness about cultural diversity education, it was in the order of cultural equality, followed by diversity implementation, diversity value, and comfort with diversity. The groups were significantly different according to demographic variables. As for the whole awareness about cultural diversity education and the diversity implementation, group of age 40 teachers recognized more highly than other groups. Furthermore, teachers outside Jeonbuk area recognized more highly the cultural equality, diversity implementation, diversity value than those in Jeonbuk, which is the 3rd high area in the nation of multicultural family proportion. As for cultural equality and diversity implementation, teachers over 15 years of experience, recognized more highly than other groups. Those with the teacher certification in the college of education, recognized more highly the cultural equality, diversity value, comfort with diversity than teachers from the other colleges. Teachers who need multicultural education, recognized more highly cultural equality, diversity implementation, awareness of diversity than those who don't. These results imply that in home economics education, there must be more systematic studies on school field education and related educational programs in order to revitalize multicultural education. And for teachers with highly recognizing cultural diversity to conduct a systematic multicultural education more efficiently, there should be both systematic pre-service education programs at college level and in-service education programs for the teachers in terms of cultural diversity education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 1997

One hundred Sixty two quadrats were sampled from natural forests, in Kangwon-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. On the basis of Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg method, field survey, which accounts for the characters of the species structure of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community, was carried out between 1991 and 1994. To analyze the data, CCA ordination and D.B.H, analysis were used. 1. DBH analysis showed that Pinus densiflora community is likely replacing Quercus mongolica or Quercus variabilis community. DBH analysis also showed that Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba community balances among the Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Tilia amurensid in the canopy, and that Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community, mixed forest balances among the Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies nephrolepis in the canopy. In general, Quercus mongolica seems to remain as a dominant species. 2. A certain correlation seems to exist between nutrients types and Pinus densiflora community. Quercus mongolica prefered to grow in the medium elevation area that has medium level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis were found in the low elevation area that has low level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. 3. There seemed to be a certain correlation between nutrients types and Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum was distributed in the slope area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Abies nephrolepis, Taxus cuspidata and Pinus koraiensis in the high elevation and ridge area that has low level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Carpinus laxiflora and Abies holophylla were found in the medium elevation area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Kalopanax pious, Carpinus cordata and Acer truncatum in the moderately moist and valley area that has high level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seemed to prefer the slightly dry, low elevation and ridge area.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for the Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children' through simulated instruction of pre-service teachers and, through this, to help them better perform physical activities in their field education for early-aged. The subjects of the study were 30 sophomore students in the early-aged children's Education Department in their 2ndsemester of K University located in Gyeonggi-province. For the analysis of physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children', a qualitative study was conducted and data were collected through informal interviews, reflective journals of pre-service teachers and 30 sessions of education assessment sports. The results of the analysis on the physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children' are as follows; first, preliminary teachers of early-aged children understood the major goal of physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children' as 'expressing.' Second, the teachers thought careful analysis is required on media such as 'video, illustration books, sounds, picture materials' presented together with physical activities in 'Teachers' Guidance Books for Nuri Curriculum of 4-year-old children.' Third, teachers pointed out 'activities that were difficult to understand for pre-service early childhood teachers' and 'improperly presented activities different from the title' as errors and problems in the performance of the Nuri Curriculum. Fourth, as for 'points to make improvement on', pre-service early childhood teachers' requested basic physical activities before the actual activities, the provision of proper actual materials, the necessity of active demonstrations of teachers and making a regulation for the situation of physical activities by early-aged children and teachers together. The results of the study illustrate that deep contemplation and judgment is required of the teachers before conducting physical activities of the Nuri Curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

Lately, new influentials have secured a large number of volunteers on social networks due to vitalization of various social media. There has been considerable research on these influential people in social networks but the research has limitations on location information of Location Based Social Network Service(LBSNS). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a spatial detection methodology and application plan for influentials who make comments about diverse social and cultural issues in LBSNS using spatial statistical analysis methods. Twitter was used to collect analysis object data and 168,040 Twitter messages were collected in Seoul over a month-long period. In addition, 'politics,' 'economy,' and 'IT' were set as categories and hot issue keywords as given categories. Therefore, it was possible to come up with an exposure index for searching influentials in respect to hot issue keywords, and exposure index by administrative units of Seoul was calculated through a spatial joint operation. Moreover, an influential index that considers the spatial dependence of the exposure index was drawn to extract information on the influential areas at the top 5% of the influential index and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial correlation. The experimental results demonstrated that spatial correlation coefficient was relatively high at more than 0.3 in same categories, and correlation coefficient between politics category and economy category was also more than 0.3. On the other hand, correlation coefficient between politics category and IT category was very low at 0.18, and between economy category and IT category was also very weak at 0.15. This study has a significance for materialization of influentials from spatial information perspective, and can be usefully utilized in the field of gCRM in the future.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral health behavior by oral health belief from the students in the dental hygienics department who take charge of oral health office, and therefore to lead a clear oral health care, to complete desirable oral health belief, and finally to utilize them for oral health field. The survey was conducted using structured self-administered questionnaires based on oral health belief model targeting 163 students in the dental hygienics department of one of the college in Seoul, and collected data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. As a result of analysis to determine that the oral health belief significantly affects on the oral heal behavior, the personal variables such as age, economic status and occupation, and the seriousness for the oral health belief were indicated to be significant variables(p<0.05), and as a result of analysis that effects on the number of the oral health behavior, the susceptibility and the seriousness were indicated to be significant variables for oral health belief(P<0.05). As a conclusion, oral health belief was identified as a factor of salience through understanding that oral health belief of the students in the dental hygienics department effects on oral health behavior based on an oral health belief model, and it can be concluded that the necessity of oral health belief investigation should be discussed as a crucial issue to provide a more effective oral health promotion plan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.83-94
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to offer basic data about prototype conservation of the Orijangnim, natural monument No. 404. For this study, March to August 2010, was a literature surveys and field research, and based on this, the Delphi survey of local residents and experts meeting were diagnosed with forest back ground, spatial extent, in the form of forests, flora and vegetation of the surrounding area, so examined closely the original form. Range of the Orijangnim was presumed from Jacheon middle school entrance($N36^{\circ}05^{\prime}59.9^{{\prime}{\prime}}/E128^{\circ}54^{\prime}32.9^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) to Odong of Hwabukmyeon village entrance($N36^{\circ}05^{\prime}31.0^{{\prime}{\prime}}/E128^{\circ}54^{\prime}32.5^{{\prime}{\prime}}$). The Orijangnim in the original form of the existing forest surrounding the village along gohyeon river going back a long S-shaped about 2km is considered. The investigated vascular plants consist of total 198 taxa : 2 forms, 20 varieties, 179 species, 152 Genera, 72 Families. Most of the 60 kinds of large land plants lots of whole plants accounted for 33.3%. A main vegetation of the Orijangnim have been distributed 473 objects of 21 species, and evergreen conifers is 19% to 92 objects, on the other hand, deciduous broadleaf tree is 79% to 373 objects, so the Orijangnim can be maxed forest that deciduous broadleaf tree is dominant. When consider the composition purpose of forest, environment of location, tree size, surrounding flora and vegetation, because an original vegetation of Orijangnim is suggested Zelkova serrata, Salix glandulosa, Celtis sinensis Pers., Quercus variabilis, Quercus acutissima , Sophora japonica L., Cornus walteri Wanger. we must restore around such species of tree. Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loudon, Chaenomeles sinensis, Prunus yedoensis Matsum., Ginkgo biloba , Pinus thunbergii Parl., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee is considered to have been planted in the last.