• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.353-366
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• 2015

The impact of land and ocean initial condition on coupled general circulation model seasonal predictability is assessed in this study. The CGCM used here is Pusan National University Couple General Circulation Model (PNU CGCM). The seasonal predictability of the surface air temperature and ocean potential temperature for boreal winter are evaluated with 4 different experiments which are combinations of 2 types of land initial conditions (AMI and CMI) and 2 types of ocean initial conditions (DA and noDA). EXP1 is the experiment using climatological land initial condition and ocean initial condition to which the data assimilation technique is not applied. EXP2 is same with EXP1 but used ocean data assimilation applied ocean initial condition. EXP3 is same with EXP1 but AMIP-type land initial condition is used for this experiment. EXP4 is the experiment using the AMIP-type land initial condition and data assimilated ocean initial condition. By comparing these 4 experiments, it is revealed that the impact of data assimilated ocean initial is dominant compared to AMIP-type land initial condition for seasonal predictability of CGCM. The spatial and temporal patterns of EXP2 and EXP4 to which the data assimilation technique is applied were improved compared to the others (EXP1 and EXP3) in boreal winter 2m temperature and sea surface temperature prediction.

• Atmosphere
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 2018

The Global-Korean aviation Turbulence Guidance (G-KTG) system is developed using the operational Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System of Korea Meteorological Administration with 17-km horizontal grid spacing. The G-KTG system provides an integrated solution of various clear-air turbulence (CAT) diagnostics and mountain-wave induced turbulence (MWT) diagnostics for low [below 10 kft (3.05 km)], middle [10 kft (3.05 km) - 20 kft (6.10 km)], and upper [20 kft (6.10 km) - 50 kft (15.24 km)] levels. Individual CAT and MWT diagnostics in the G-KTG are converted to a 1/3 power of energy dissipation rate (EDR). 12-h forecast of the G-KTG is evaluated using 6-month period (2016.06~2016.11) of in-situ EDR observation data. The forecast skill is calculated by area under curve (AUC) where the curve is drawn by pairs of probabilities of detection of "yes" for moderate-or-greater-level turbulence events and "no" for null-level turbulence events. The AUCs of G-KTG for the upper, middle, and lower levels are 0.79, 0.69, and 0.63, respectively. Comparison of the upper-level G-KTG with the regional-KTG in East Asia reveals that the forecast skill of the G-KTG (AUC = 0.77) is similar to that of the regional-KTG (AUC = 0.79) using the Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System with 12-km horizontal grid spacing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.350-353
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• 2011

전 세계적으로 기후변화로 인한 자연재해가 빈번하게 발생함에 따라 수자원 분야에서 또한 환경의 변화에 대한 정확한 예측이 더욱 요구되고 있다. 국내에서도 이를 위하여 다양한 방법을 통하여 연구가 이루어지고 있으나 본 연구에서 사용된 Common Land Model (CLM)은 국내에서의 실질적인 적용이 아직 부족하다. 이 모형은 Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer 모형 중 대표적 모델로 Land Surface Model (LSM), Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS), Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics LSM의 세 모형이 결합되어 발전하였다. CLM의 강제입력자료로는 위성, 지면모형 등을 기반으로 만들어진 자료를 제공하는 Korea Land Data Assimilation Systme (KLDAS; 한반도지표자료동화체계)의 격자화 된 자료를 사용하여 모형에 강제시켰다. KLDAS는 기존의 Land Data Assimilation System (LDAS)에서 발전한 형태로 동아시아 지역을 대상으로 자료를 제공하고 있으며, 본 연구에서는 이 자료를 사용하여 국내 전반에 걸쳐 격자에 대한 수문 기상학적 인자를 산출하였다.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) assimilation to the prediction of upper ocean temperature is investigated by using a regional ocean forecasting system, in which 3-dimensional optimal interpolation is applied. In the present study, Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) dataset is adopted for the daily SST assimilation. This study mainly compares two experimental results with (Exp. DA) and without data assimilation (Exp. NoDA). When comparing both results with OSTIA SST data during Sept. 2011, Exp. NoDA shows Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of about $1.5^{\circ}C$ at 24, 48, 72 forecast hour. On the other hand, Exp. DA yields the relatively lower RMSE of below $0.8^{\circ}C$ at all forecast hour. In particular, RMSE from Exp. DA reaches $0.57^{\circ}C$ at 24 forecast hour, indicating that the assimilation of daily SST (i.e., OSTIA) improves the performance in the early SST prediction. Furthermore, reduction ratio of RMSE in the Exp. DA reaches over 60% in the Yellow and East seas. In order to examine impacts in the shallow costal region, the SST measured by eight moored buoys around Korean peninsula is compared with both experiments. Exp. DA reveals reduction ratio of RMSE over 70% in all season except for summer, showing the contribution of OSTIA assimilation to the short-range prediction in the coastal region. In addition, the effect of SST assimilation in the upper ocean temperature is examined by the comparison with Argo data in the East Sea. The comparison shows that RMSE from Exp. DA is reduced by $1.5^{\circ}C$ up to 100 m depth in winter where vertical mixing is strong. Thus, SST assimilation is found to be efficient also in the upper ocean prediction. However, the temperature below the mixed layer in winter reveals larger difference in Exp. DA, implying that SST assimilation has still a limitation to the prediction of ocean interior.

• Atmosphere
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.367-374
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• 2015

Korean Peninsula has high potential for occurrence of aviation turbulence. A Korean aviation Turbulence Guidance (KTG) system focused on the Korean Peninsula, named Korean-Peninsula KTG (KP-KTG) system, is developed using the high resolution (horizontal grid spacing of 1.5 km) Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). The KP-KTG system is constructed first by selection of 15 best diagnostics of aviation turbulence using the method of probability of detection (POD) with pilot reports (PIREPs) and the LDAPS analysis data. The 15 best diagnostics are combined into an ensemble KTG predictor, named KP-KTG, with their weighting scores computed by the values of area under curve (AUC) of each diagnostics. The performance of the KP-KTG, represented by AUC, is larger than 0.84 in the recent two years (June 2012~May 2014), which is very good considering relatively small number of PIREPs. The KP-KTG can provide localized turbulence forecasting in Korean Peninsula, and its skill score is as good as that of the operational-KTG conducting in East Asia.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.589-591
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• 2023

현재 수치예보 시스템은 항공기, 위성 등 다양한 센서에서 얻은 다종 관측 데이터를 동화하여 대기 상태를 추정하고 있지만, 관측변수 또는 물리량이 서로 다른 관측들을 처리하기 위한 계산 복잡도가 매우 높다. 본 연구에서 기존 시스템의 계산 효율성을 개선하여 관측을 평가하거나 전처리하는 데에 효율적으로 활용하기 위해, 각 관측의 특성을 고려한 자기 지도학습 방법을 통해 멀티모달 기상관측으로부터 실제 대기 상태를 추정하는 방법론을 제안하고자 한다. 비균질적으로 수집되는 멀티모달 기상관측 데이터를 융합하기 위해, (i) 기상관측의 heterogeneous network를 구축하여 개별 관측의 위상정보를 표현하고, (ii) pretext task 기반의 self-supervised learning을 바탕으로 개별 관측의 특성을 표현한다. (iii) Graph neural network 기반의 예측 모델을 통해 실제에 가까운 대기 상태를 추정한다. 제안하는 모델은 대규모 수치 시뮬레이션 시스템으로 수행되는 기존 기술의 한계점을 개선함으로써, 이상 관측 탐지, 관측의 편차 보정, 관측영향 평가 등 관측 전처리 기술로 활용할 수 있다.

• Atmosphere
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.457-475
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• 2023

Accurately predicting localized heavy rainfall is challenging without high-resolution mesoscale cloud information in the numerical model's initial field, as precipitation intensity and amount vary significantly across regions. In the Korean Peninsula, the radar observation network covers the entire country, providing high-resolution data on hydrometeors which is suitable for data assimilation (DA). During the pre-processing stage, radar reflectivity is classified into hydrometeors (e.g., rain, snow, graupel) using the background temperature field. The mixing ratio of each hydrometeor is converted and inputted into a numerical model. Moreover, assimilating saturated water vapor mixing ratio and decomposing radar radial velocity into a three-dimensional wind vector improves the atmospheric dynamic field. This study presents radar DA experiments using a numerical prediction model to enhance the wind, water vapor, and hydrometeor mixing ratio information. The impact of radar DA on precipitation prediction is analyzed separately for each radar component. Assimilating radial velocity improves the dynamic field, while assimilating hydrometeor mixing ratio reduces the spin-up period in cloud microphysical processes, simulating initial precipitation growth. Assimilating water vapor mixing ratio further captures a moist atmospheric environment, maintaining continuous growth of hydrometeors, resulting in concentrated heavy rainfall. Overall, the radar DA experiment showed a 32.78% improvement in precipitation forecast accuracy compared to experiments without DA across four cases. Further research in related fields is necessary to improve predictions of mesoscale heavy rainfall in South Korea, mitigating its impact on human life and property.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.853-861
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to assess Sejong University River Forecast (SURF) model which consists of a continuous rainfall-runoff model and measured streamflow assimilation using ensemble Kalman filter technique for streamflow forecast on Nakdong river basin. The study area is divided into 43 subbasins. The forecasted streamflows are evaluated at 12 measurement sites during flood season from 2006 to 2007. The forecasted ones are improved due to the impact of the measured streamflows assimilation. In effectiveness indices corresponding to 1~5 h forecast lead times, the accuracy of the forecasted streamflows with the assimilation approach is improved by 46.2~30.1% compared with that using only the rainfall-runoff model. The mean normalized absolute error of forecasted peak flow without and with data assimilation approach in entering 50% of the measured rainfall, respectively, the accuracy of the latter is improved about 40% than that of the former. From these results, SURF model is able to be used as a real-time river forecast model.

• Atmosphere
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.283-294
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• 2021

An Observing System Experiment (OSE) using Global Ocean Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GODAPS) was conducted to evaluate the assimilation impact of Argo floats, deployed by National Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Korea Meteorological Administration (NIMS/KMA), in marginal seas around Korean peninsula. A data denial experiment was run by removing Argo floats in the Yellow Sea and the East Sea from an operational run. The assimilation results show that Argo floats bring the positive impact on the analysis of ocean internal structure in both Yellow Sea and East Sea. In the East Sea, overall positive impact in the water temperature and salinity context is found, especially outstanding improvement from 300 to 500 m depth. In the Yellow sea, the assimilation impact on water temperature and salinity is also large within 50 m depth, especially greater impact than the East Sea in salinity. However, in the Yellow Sea, the influence of Argo floats tends to be restricted to the vicinity of Argo floats, because there was only one Argo float in the middle of the Yellow Sea during the experiment period. Given that the only limited number of Argo floats generally contribute in a positive way to the improvement of the GODAPS, further progress could be expected with adding more observations from Argo floats to current observing systems.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.300-302
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• 2008

For the evaluation of wind resources, numerical simulation was carried out as a tool for establishing wind map around the korean peninsula. Initial and boundary condition are given by 3 hourly RDAPS(Regional Data Assimilation and Prediction System) data of KMA(Korea Meteorology Administration) and high resolution terrain elevation land cover(30 seconds) data from USGS(United States Geological Survey). Furthermore, Data assimilation was adopted to improve initial meteorological data with buoy and QuikSCAT seawinds data. The simulation was performed from 2003 to 2006 year. To understand wind data correctly in complex terrain as the korean peninsula, at this research, Wind map was classified 4 categories by distance from coastline and elevation.