• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.170-172
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• 2002

An unrecorded Hypoxylon sp. was observed on the bed-log of oak-mushroom (Lentinula edodes) in Korea. The stroma of the fungus was formed on the bed-log (Quercus spp.) damaged by Korean squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris coreae). Perithecia were $200{\sim}400{\mu}m$, and asci containing 8 ascospores were $7{\sim}8{\times}150{\sim}230{\mu}m$ in size. Paraphysis was cylindrical shape, Ascospores were $5{\sim}9{\times}12{\sim}17.5{\mu}m$ in size, pale brown to dark brown, elliptical, and smooth. They have germination cleft and $1{\sim}2$ oil droplets.

• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 2004

The study on the cultural characteristics of Bipolaris spicifera was conducted to provide with information for the identification, and inoculation studies, etc. B. spicifera grew well at $30{\sim}35^{\circ}C$ and wide range of pH $5.0{\sim}9.0$. However, the fungal growth was retarded at pH 4.0 and 10.0, respectively. Conidia were germinated with 70% at $30^{\circ}C$ but maintained 50% germination even at $40^{\circ}C$, indicating that this pathogen could infect plants at relatively high temperature. The pathogen could not produce conidia under 24 hr fluorescent light condition for 7 days. In contrast, it produced many more conidia at 24 hr dark condition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.608-615
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• 2023

The morphological features of germling cells were examined to identify an unspecified resting cyst (described as Cochlodinium cf. polykrikoides-like resting cyst) in the Korean coastal area. LSU rRNA gene sequences were also obtained from a strain established from the germling cells. The resting cysts isolated from Korean coastal sediment were characterized as being brown in color, having a large dark-red body, and fibrous lobed ornaments. The germling cells were ellipsoidal with an irregular outline and had an open comma-shaped ASC (apical structure complex), a wide and deep cingulum, and a deep sulcus. These morphological features were consistent with those of previously described harmful dinoflagellate Pseudocochlodinium profundisulcus. The molecular phylogeny revealed that the germling cells and P. profundisulcus were conspecific. Based on these morphological and phylogenetic data, this study documents the occurrence of P. profundisulcus in a Korean coastal area for the first time.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.495-500
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• 2001

Seed germination, seedling growth, plant establishment after transplanting, set of female flowers, and subsequent fruit growth were examined in cucumbers grown in soils having varying electrical conductivities (EC) of $1.0-5.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ adjusted by adding different amount of a commercial compound fertilizer (N : $P_2O_5$ : $K_2O$ = 21 : 17 : 17). Slower seed germination was recorded in soils having EC value of $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ or higher and little or no germination took place in soils with EC $4.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ until 8 days after sowing. Suppression of seedling growth was apparent in soils having EC level of $2.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. All seedlings died eventually at EC level of $3.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf color became progressively dark green with the increase in EC from 1.0 to $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The first female flower was formed at higher node and the number of days required for the first flowering of female flower increased with the increase in EC values up to $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Occasionally, leaf yellowing and self-topping symptoms appeared in plants grown in soils having EC level of $3.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2015

Somatic embryogenesis is as an excellent technology for potential use in plant mass production, germplasm conservation, or genetic engineering. We examined the effect of cold storage using 3 embryogenic callus lines with different levels of embryogenesis competence derived from immature zygotic embryo cultures of Kalopanax setemlobus. Somatic embryo induction, germination and plant conversion were evaluated after 1, 3 and 6 months storage at $4^{\circ}C$ in the dark. Most cold-stored embryogenic calli formed somatic embryos normally even after 6 months; however, the induction rate was gradually decreased by increasing the storage period. The most competent line tended to show a slight decline in somatic embryo induction rate, as compared with other lines after cold storage. In general, cold storage resulted in reduced somatic embryo germination and plant regeneration, although 93% somatic embryo germination and 91% plant conversion were achieved regardless of the storage period. Cold storage led to cell browning and degradation. Additionally, the cell structures were confirmed by the aceto-carmine and evans blue dye evaluation. Collectively, our results showed that embryogenic callus of K. septemlobus could be preserved at $4^{\circ}C$ without subculture for 6 months, and suggested the need for storage of relatively more competent embryogenic calli lines to support somatic embryo induction.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.525-532
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• 1995

The periods of germination and seedling emergence, epidermal cell size and the activities of peroxidase and amylase of 6 rice cultivars were examined to clarify the response to 3 temperature conditions, constant temperatures of 27$^{\circ}C$ and 17$^{\circ}C$ and alternating temperature of 24/1$0^{\circ}C$, in the dark condition. The periods of germination and seedling emergence were increased and the germination was delayed greater than the seedling emergence under 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/l$0^{\circ}C$, compared with 27$^{\circ}C$. Lengths of epidermal cell of coleoptile and first leaf were reduced, but the widths were increased in the 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/1$0^{\circ}C$, compared with 27$^{\circ}C$. The activities of peroxidase in the emerging shoots and amylase in the germinating seeds were reduced in 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24/1$0^{\circ}C$. There were significant correlations between peroxidase activities and the widths of epidemal cell of first leaf and between amylase activities and periods of germination. Varietal differences of all observations were remarkable in 17$^{\circ}C$ and 24 /1$0^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1995

Theses studies were conducted to clarify the germinating characteristics of seed treated with different temperature, light, and ($Gibberellin(GA_3)$) to produce the homogeneous seedlings Angelicogigas NAKAI. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Rate and speed of germinating at $25^{\circ}C$ were higher than $15^{\circ}C$and $20^{\circ}C$ by 87.3% and 68.9% and also the required day for germination at 25°C was shortest by 14.1 days. Germination rate at the light condition was 90.7% and that at the dark was 65.7%. Germinating ability of seed stored at $4^{\circ}C$and $-10^{\circ}C$ for 165 days as dried states was 92.0% and 91.3%, while that at room temperature was 50.3%, but the longer storage of seed than 165 days decreased the ability. Gibberellin treatment by 10ppm to seed stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and by 6ppm to seed stored at $-10^{\circ}C$ increased the germination rate more by 20.9% and 31.7% than nontreated seed.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 1995

These experiments were conducted to investigate the growth and characteristics of Adenophora triphylla DC. seed, and effects of some pretreatments and light condition on the gemination of it. The results were as follows. Seed coat was soft and white at 30 days after flowering, but it became hard and brown from 40 days. The 1,000 grain weight was 247mg at 40 days after flowering and high at 50 days as 268mg, and decreased from 60 days. Germination percentage was highest at 100ppm $GA_3$ treatment for 24 hours as 96.7% and 88.3% at moistured treatment at $0^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, but only 40% at control. Adenophora triphylla. seed was light germinator, but it could be germinated 80% even under dark condition if $GA_3$ was treated 100ppm for 24 hours. The optimum temperature of germination in Adenophora triphylla. seeds was $25^{\circ}C$.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.45-45
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• 2018

We had already reported the successful germination for green pods of purple lady's slipper orchid (Cypripedium macranthos Sw.). The green pod methods is to take immature seeds in green capsules, sterilize the capsule, and take out the sterile seeds. This method, however, needs very critical time of harvest. The critical time of seed harvest changes depending upon the species, condition of the specimen, and climatic influence, and the right time lies between 5 and 12 weeks after fertilization. In this study, the mature seeds were collected after 120-130 days with hand-polination of lady's slipper orchids. Mature seeds are usually dormant and it has to be overcome, either with hormone or storing the seeds near freezing for two or three months to break dormancy. The seeds were first surface sterilized with 70% ethanol and then transferred 1% NaOCl for 10-15 minutes, followed by rinses 3 times with sterilized distilled water. The cypripedium seeds consists of an embryo within a seed coat known as a testa. The testa is water repellent and the seed has a large air space between the embryo and testa so the seed tends to float on water. We had resolved the problems with vacuum pump to soak water into the testa before sterilization. The seeds were placed on liquid or agar solidified germination media. Cultures were incubated at $24{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in dark. The seeds were germinated in 6-8 weeks in liquid suspension culture (germination percentage over 18%); however, the seeds on agar solidified media took more than 5 months to germinate and the germination percentage less than 5%. The most effective media for liquid culture was 1/4 strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 50 ml/l coconut water ($4brix^{\circ}$) at pH 5.8.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.372-377
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• 2017

This research was performed to develop mass propagation method of Alpine modest primrose (Primula modesta var. hannasanensis T.Yamaz.) for improving the conservation and utilization of the species. Seeds were collected on August 2011 in Jeju-city and well-selected seeds were dry-stored at $4{\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$. Seed size ranged $0.44{\pm}0.07{\times}0.61{\pm}0.04mm$, and weight of 1,000 seeds was $51.78{\pm}0.021mg$. Thus the seed was classified as 'dwarf seeds'. As the result of dormancy characteristics, moisture content of freshly matured seeds increased rapidly by water-soaking treatment and seeds did not germinate at $20^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks under the light condition. Therefore, seeds were estimated to have physiological dormancy. Germination conditions of dry-stored seeds were found to be $20^{\circ}C$ and light condition, and seeds did not germinated under dark condition regardless of all temperature regimes. Therefore, Alpine modest primrose seed was considered as photoblastic type. Percent germination (PG) and germination energy (GE) were greatly improved by soaking the seeds in $GA_3$ and kinetin for 24 hours. Especially, 200~500 mg/L $GA_3$ treatment resulted in the highest PG (95.5%) and GE (98.3%). So, chemical treatment such as $GA_3$ was thought to be a useful method for raising seedling uniformly.