• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2021

In steel cable bridges, the use of magnetorheological (MR) dampers between butt cables is constantly increasing to dampen vibrations caused by rain and wind. The biggest problem in the actual applications of those devices is to launch a kind of appropriate algorithm that can effectively and efficiently suppress the perturbation of the tie through basic calculations and optimal solutions. This article discusses the optimal evolutionary design based on a linear and quadratic regulator (hereafter LQR) to lessen the perturbation of the bridges with cables. The control numerical algorithms are expected to effectively and efficiently decrease the possible risks of the structural response in amplification owing to the feedback force in the direction of the MR attenuator. In addition, these numerical algorithms approximate those optimal linear quadratic regulator control forces through the corresponding damping and stiffness, which significantly lessens the work of calculating the significant and optimal control forces. Therefore, it has been shown that it plays an important and significant role in the practical application design of semiactive MR control power systems. In the present proposed novel evolutionary parallel distributed compensator scheme, the vibrational control problem with a simulated demonstration is used to evaluate the numerical algorithmic performance and effectiveness. The results show that these semiactive MR control numerical algorithms which are present proposed in the present paper has better performance than the optimal and the passive control, which is almost reaching the levels of linear quadratic regulator controls with minimal feedback requirements.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2022

Structural health monitoring and structural vibration control are multidisciplinary and frontier research directions of civil engineering. As intelligent materials that integrate sensing and actuation capabilities, shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit multiple excellent characteristics, such as shape memory effect, superelasticity, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, and high energy density. Moreover, SMAs possess excellent resistance sensing properties and large deformation ability. Superfine NiTi SMA wires have potential applications in structural health monitoring and micro-drive system. In this study, the mechanical properties and electrical resistance sensing characteristics of superfine NiTi SMA wires were experimentally investigated. The mechanical parameters such as residual strain, hysteretic energy, secant stiffness, and equivalent damping ratio were analyzed at different training strain amplitudes and numbers of loading-unloading cycles. The results demonstrate that the detwinning process shortened with increasing training amplitude, while austenitic mechanical properties were not affected. In addition, superfine SMA wires showed good strain-resistance linear correlation, and the loading rate had little effect on their mechanical properties and electrical resistance sensing characteristics. This study aims to provide an experimental basis for the application of superfine SMA wires in engineering.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.20-30
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• 2023

In this paper, the Energy Flow Finite Element Analysis (EFFEA) was performed to predict the acoustic and vibrational responses of complicated plate structures considering improved Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI). For this, a new power transfer relationship was derived at the area junction where two different fluids are in contact on both sides of the plate. In order to increase the reliability of EFFEA of complicated plate structures immersed in a high-density fluid, the corrected flexural wavenumber and group velocity considering fluid-loading effect were derived. As the specific acoustic impedance of the fluid in contact with the plate increases, the flexural wavenumber of the plate increases. As a result, the flexural group velocity is reduced, and the spatial damping effect of the flexural energy density is increased. Additionally, for the EFFEA of arbitary-shaped built-up structures, the energy flow finite element formulation for the acoustic tetrahedral element was newly performed. Finally, for validation of the derived theory and developed software, numerical applications of complicated plate structures submerged in seawater or air were successfully performed.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1986

우리나라의 미기록 병인 Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn에 의한 배추 밑동썩음병(Bottom rot)에 대한 남부지방파로재배 시의 발병소장과 방제방법을 검토하였다. 본 병의 발병은 정식 20여일 경과후, 배추의 생육중기부터 발병되기 시작하여 결구기에 증가하는 경향이고, 수확기의 발병주율은 평균 $52\%$ 정도였다. 그 피해는 추파로지재배보다 비닐하우스를 이용한 반촉성재배에서 심하였고, 초기에 심엽까지 감염된 이병주는 위축되어 생육이 극히 불량하여 결구가 되지 않았다. 병주에서 분리한 R. solani의 PDA배지상에서 균사 생육적온은 $20\~25^{\circ}C$였고, 균사융합군은 제II군 제1형으로 분류되었다. 배추, 무, 참깨 및 유채의 유묘에 접종했을 때 입고율이 매우 높았고 상치, 토마토, 오이에서는 입고율은 낮았으나 발아가 $2\~3$일 지연되었다. 방제약제는 발병초기부터 pencycron Wp.를 10일간 3회 처리한 것이 방제가가 $80\%$로 우수하였다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2003

공진주 실험은 흙의 전단탄성계수, 재료감쇠비 등을 결정하는 실험으로, 최근 내진해석의 중요성과 더불어 그 사용빈도와 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 공진주 실험은 1960년 이후 널리 활용되어 왔으나, 현재까지의 공진주 실험은 측정장비의 제한성 때문에, 주로 선형스펙트럼 (linear spectrum)의 진폭성분만을 측정하여 왔다. 이는 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적거동을 규명하는 이론에 있어서도 시료의 점성이 고려되지 않았던 것과 동적거동에 대한 이해가 부족했기 때문이기도하다. 최근 조성호 등은 이러한 한계성을 극복할 수 있는 이론적 근거를 제시하였다. 즉, 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적거동에 대한 운동방정식과 그 일반해를 제시함으로써, 이론에 부합하는 공진주 실험의 자료분석 및 해석기법의 기초를 정립하였다. 본 연구에서는 발전된 계측장비와 공진주 실험 시스템의 동적거동에 대한 이론적 모델링을 이용하여 신뢰도가 향상된 공진주 실험의 자료분석 및 해석기법을 제안하였다. 그리고, 유한요소해석에 의한 공진주 실험의 수치실험을 통하여 본 연구에서 제안한 해석기법의 신뢰성과 타당성을 확인하였다. 또한, 주문진 표준사에 대한 공진주 실험을 통하여, 본 연구에서 제안한 자료분석 및 해석방법의 적용성을 확인하였으며, 기존 해석방법과의 비교를 통하여 기존 방법의 한계성과 문제점을 살펴보았다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.241-254
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• 2020

Using confined shape memory alloy (SMA) bar or plate, this study proposes an innovative self-centering damper. The damper is essentially properly machined SMA core, i.e., bar or plate, that encased in buckling-restrained device. To prove the design concept, cyclic loading tests were carried out. According to the test results, the damper exhibited desired flag-shape hysteretic behaviors upon both tension and compression actions, although asymmetric behavior is noted. Based on the experimental data, the hysteretic parameters that interested by seismic applications, such as the strength, stiffness, equivalent damping ratio and recentering capacity, are quantified. Processed in the Matlab/Simulink environment, a preliminary evaluation of the seismic control effect for this damper was conducted. The proposed damper was placed at the first story of a multi-story frame and then the original and controlled structures were subjected to earthquake excitations. The numerical outcome indicated the damper is effective in controlling seismic deformation demands. Besides, a companion SMA damper which represents a popular type in previous studies is also introduced in the analysis to further reveal the seismic control characteristics of the newly proposed damper. In current case, it was found that although the current SMA damper shows asymmetric tension-compression behavior, it successfully contributes comparable seismic control effect as those having symmetrical cyclic behavior. Additionally, the proposed damper even shows better global performance in controlling acceleration demands. Thus, this paper reduces the concern of using SMA dampers with asymmetric cyclic behavior to a certain degree.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.495-508
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• 2018

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) exhibit superelasticity given the ambient temperature is above the austenite finish temperature threshold, the magnitude of which significantly depends on the metal ingredients though. For the monocrystalline CuAlBe SMAs, their superelasticity was found being maintained even when the ambient temperature is down to $-40^{\circ}C$. Thus this makes such SMAs particularly favorable for outdoor seismic applications, such as the framed structures located in cold regions with substantial temperature oscillation. Due to the thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism, the hysteretic properties of SMAs vary with temperature change, primarily including altered material strength and different damping. Thus, this study adopted the monocrystalline CuAlBe SMAs as the kernel component of the SMA braces. To quantify the seismic response characteristics at various temperatures, a wide temperature range from -40 to $40^{\circ}C$ are considered. The middle temperature, $0^{\circ}C$, is artificially selected to be the reference temperature in the performance comparisons, as well the corresponding material properties are used in the seismic design procedure. Both single-degree-of-freedom systems and a six-story braced frame were numerically analyzed by subjecting them to a suite of earthquake ground motions corresponding to the design basis hazard level. To the frame structures, the analytical results show that temperature variation generates minor influence on deformation and energy demands, whereas low temperatures help to reduce acceleration demands. Further, attributed to the excellent superelasticity of the monocrystalline CuAlBe SMAs, the frames successfully maintain recentering capability without leaving residual deformation upon considered earthquakes, even when the temperature is down to $-40^{\circ}C$.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.39.1-39.1
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• 2009

NiTi alloy is widely used innumerous biomedical applications (orthodontics, cardiovascular, orthopaedics, etc.) for its distinctive thermomechanical and mechanical properties such as shape memory effect, super elasticity, low elastic modulus and high damping capacity. However, NiTi alloy is still a controversial biomaterial because of its high Ni content which can trigger the risk of allergy and adverse reactions when Ni ion releases into the human body. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the TiNi alloy and suppress the release of Ni ions, many surface modification techniques have been employed in previous literature such as thermal oxidation, laser surface treatment, sol-gel method, anodic oxidation and electrochemical methods. In this paper, the NiTi was electrochemically etched in various electrolytes to modify surface. The microstructure, element distribution, phase composition and roughness of the surface were investigatedby scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Systematic controlling of nano and submicron surface features was achieved by altered density of hydro fluidic acid in etchant solution. Nanoscale surface topography, such as, pore density, pore width, pore height, surface roughness and surface tension were extensively analyzed as systematical variables.Importantly, bone forming cell, osteoblast adhesion was increased in high density of hydro fluidic treated surface structures, i.e., in greater nanoscale surface roughness and in high surface areas through increasing pore densities.All results delineate the importance of surface topography parameter (pores) inNiTi to increase the biocompatibility of NiTi in identical chemistry which is crucial factor for determining biomaterials.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.518-525
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• 2016

This paper presents the characteristics of non-fundamental multi-mode combustion instability and the effects of high-harmonic components on the Rayleigh criterion. Phenomenological observations of multi-harmonic-mode dynamic pressure waves regarding the intensity of harmonic components and the source of wave distortion have been explained by introducing examples of second- and third-order harmonics at various amplitudes. The amplitude and order of the harmonic components distorted the wave shapes, including the peak and the amplitude, of the dynamic pressure and heat release, and consequently the temporal Rayleigh index and its integrals. A cause-and-effect analysis was used to identify the root causes of the phase delay and the amplification of the Rayleigh index. From this analysis, the skewness of the dynamic pressure turned out to be a major source in determining whether multi-mode instability is driving or damping, as well as in optimizing the combustor design, such as the mixing length and the combustor length, to avoid unstable regions. The results can be used to minimize errors in predicting combustion instability in cases of high multi-mode combustion instability. In the future, the amount of research and the number of applications will increase because new fuels, such as fast-burning syngases, are prone to generating multi-mode instabilities.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2016

We report a finding of fast(exceeding 2,000 K/s) heating of polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS), one of the most commonly-used microchannel materials, under cyclic loadings at high(~MHz) frequencies. A microheater was created based on the finding. The heating mechanism utilized vibration damping of sound waves, which were generated and precisely manipulated using a conventional surface acoustic wave(SAW) microfluidic system, in PDMS. The penetration depths were measured to range from $210{\mu}m$ to $1290{\mu}m$, enough to cover most microchannel heights in microfluidic systems. The energy conversion efficiency was SAW frequency-dependent and measured to be the highest at around 30 MHz. Independent actuation of each interdigital transducer(IDT) enabled independent manipulation of SAWs, permitting spatiotemporal control of temperature on the microchip. All the advantages of this microheater facilitated a two-step continuous flow polymerase chain reaction(CFPCR) to achieve the billion-fold amplification of a 134 bp DNA amplicon in less than 3 min. In addition, a technique was developed for establishing dynamic free-form temperature gradients(TGs) in PDMS as well as in gases in contact with the PDMS.