• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.790-794
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• 2004

Bifidobacterium spp. exhibits the highest number of counts among species of microflora in breast-feeding infant intestines and has been used as probiotics. From infant groups with different diets, 42 Bifidobacterial strains were isolated by selective plate, Gram-staining, and morphology using method of Mitsuoka, among which seven isolates were identified as Bifidobacterium spp. by F6PPK test, MIDI, and PCR. B. bifidum PBH-30, selected for development of probiotics, showed high resistance against low pH and oxgall treatment, and inhibition against pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus. B. bifidum PBH-30 could be applicable to dairy products as probiotic strains due to its excellent growth in raw milk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.95-109
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• 2001

The traditional (European) Mediterranean diet is characterized by an abundance of plant foods such as bread, pasta, vegetables, salad, legumes, fruit, nuts; olive oil as the principal source of fat; low to moderate amounts offish, poultry, dairy products and eggs; only small amounts of red meat; low to moderate amounts of wine, normally consumed with meals. This diet is low in saturated fatty acids, rich in carbohydrate and fibre, and has a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). These are primarily derived from olive oil. Despite a wealth of general knowledge concerning the major classes of compounds present in olives and olive oil, detailed knowledge of the phenolic antioxidant content has been lacking. Therefore the aim of the study was to evaluate the phenolic antioxidant content in a range of olive and seed oils. While seed oils were devoid, on average, the olive oils contained $196{\pm}19mg/kg$ total phenolics as judged by HPLC analysis, but the value for extravirgin ($232{\pm}15 mg/kg$) was significantly higher than that of refined virgin olive oil ($62{\pm}12mg/kg$; P<0.0001). Appreciable quantities of simple phenols (hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol) were detected in olive oils, with significant differences between extravirgin ($41.87{\pm}6.17$) and refined virgin olive oils ($4.72{\pm}2.15$; P<0.01). The major linked phenols were secoiridoids and lignans. Although extravirgin contained higher concentrations of secoiridoids ($27.72{\pm}6.84$) than refined olive oils ($9.30{\pm}3.81$) this difference was not significant. On the other hand the concentration of lignans was significantly higher (P<0.001) in extravirgin ($41.53{\pm}3.93$) compared to refined virgin olive oils ($7.29{\pm}2.56$). All classes of phenolics were shown to be potent antioxidants. In future epidemiolgic studies, both the nature and source of olive oil consumed should be differentiated in ascertaining cancer risk.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to examine nutrition problems and causes/contributing risk factors. Methods: This study was conducted using data 1,863 adults visited Asan health screening & promotion center located in Seoul, Korea during May to June of 2013. We used Nutrition Care Process Model developed by the International Dietetics & Nutrition Terminology (IDNT). Results: The most frequent nutrition problem in male subjects was excessive alcohol intake. Men in fifties showed the highest rate of excessive alcohol intake among the age groups examined (22.4%). By comparison, the most frequent nutrition problem in women was inadequate protein intake. Women in fifties exhibited the highest rate of inadequate protein intake (22.5%). The most common contributing factors for these observations were a low preference for dairy products followed by high preference for alcohol and a deficit in food-and nutrition-related knowledge, regardless of the sex and age. The most common nutrition problem observed among the group diagnosed with hyperglycemia or hypertriglyceridemia or hyperuricemia or fatty liver was excessive alcohol intake (p < 0.001), whereas the group diagnosed with hyperglycemia or hypercholesterolemia showed significantly higher rate of inappropriate intake of carbohydrate (fructose) compared to the group not diagnosed with such disease conditions (p < 0.05). The group diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia, hyperuricemia and fatty liver showed significantly higher occurrence of inappropriate intake of fat (saturated fat) than the group free of such diseases (p < 0.001). The osteopenia group showed higher rate of inadequate protein intake (p < 0.001) and the fatty liver group with excessive energy intake (p < 0.001). Overall, the results suggest that there is a significant relationship between nutrition problems and health conditions found in groups diagnosed with a diverse array of medical conditions. Conclusions: Therefore, we strongly suggest that dieticians should implement nutrition interventions with people visiting health screening & promotion center based on nutrition problems and the contributing factors diagnosed by dietitions in order to prevent chronic diseases in this population.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2009

This study aimed to examine nutritional status and similarities of diets between Vietnamese female immigrants and Korean spouses and dietary changes of Vietnamese females after immigration. Subjects were 608 couples visiting 13 medical centers for the Cohort of Intermarried Women in Korea from November 2006 to November 2007. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained and dietary intakes were assessed using one-day 24-hour recall. Sixty-eight percent of wives answered there have been changes in their diets and consumptions of meats, fish, dairy products, vegetables, and fruits increased after immigration. Energy intakes of wives and spouses were 1491.7 kcal and 1788.8 kcal, respectively, showing most couples (80.1%) consumed less than the Korean estimated energy requirements. More than half of the couples were below the Korean estimated average requirements of zinc, vitamin $B_2$, and folate. The correlation coefficients between couples ranged 0.15-0.38 for unadjusted, 0.22-0.35 for per 1000 kcal, and 0.21-0.40 for energy-adjusted, respectively. The proportions of couples in the same quartiles of each nutrient intake and in the same answers of each question of Mini Dietary Assessment were about 30% across nutrients and around 50% across questions. The length of residence is related to similarities of nutrient intakes between couples: similarities decreased after 3 years of residence in Korea. In conclusion, nutritional intakes of inter-married couples were inadequate although wives reported that their dietary intakes increased after immigration. Inadequate nutrient intakes of wives were partly explained by similar diets between couples because these wives without enough adjustment to Korean culture were more likely to follow what their spouses ate. Findings from this study may be helpful to improve the nutritional status of inter-married couples and make policies and programs for them. A follow-up study should identify factors affecting inadequate nutritional status of intermarried couples and similarities of their diets.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2017

Objectives: Recommended Menu (RM) prepared according to the Target Pattern expected to meet the dietary reference intake (DRI) of nutrients. Nutritional adequacy of RM in 'DRI for Koreans 2015' were analyzed to verify whether such expectation was fulfilled. Methods: Dishes in RM are categorized by 5 food groups, and number and types of dishes for main meal and between-meals were analyzed. The energy and 12 nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, Ca, P, Fe, Na, K, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and vitamin C) contents in 10 RMs were calculated using the food composition table (CD) in 'DRI for Koreans'. Energy, energy contribution ratio, and nutrient contents in 10 RMs for 18 age groups were evaluated based on the 'DRI for Koreans 2015'. Results: Number of dishes per meal were 4.83, and representative table setting consisted of cooked rice + soup (or stew) +3 side dishes. Energy contents of RM were 75~109% of estimated energy requirement (EER). None of the RM met the DRI of all 12 nutrients examined. Calcium was the most insufficient nutrient. Only 1-2 years' RM met the DRI, all the other RMs did not meet the calcium DRI. Dietary fiber and potassium contents were also insufficient in most RM. In adult male's RM, only 1 nutrient, i.e. calcium did not meet the DRI, but in female adult's RM, 5~6 nutrients did not meet the DRI. Energy contribution ratio of carbohydrate, protein, and fat in RM were 59.0~70.4%, 15.7~17.5%, 12.1~23.5%, respectively. And 4 RMs out of 10 exceeded the upper limit of acceptable macro-nutrient distribution range (AMDR) of carbohydrate and 3 RMs out of 10 RM were below the lower limit of fat AMDR. Contribution ratio of nutrients were ${\geq}40%$ by food groups were as follows: grain group in energy and carbohydrate; meat fish egg legume group in fat, protein, and niacin; vegetables group in dietary fiber, vitamin A, and vitamin C; milk dairy products group in calcium. Conclusions: RM prepared according to the Target Pattern did not meet nutritional adequacy as expected. Especially calcium, potassium, and dietary fiber contents are needed to be increased in many RMs. Further, energy content in RM needs to be adjusted for fat sugar food group assigned in Target Pattern and condiment.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 1997

The prcx.iuction of extracellular 1,4-${\beta}$-glucanase by Cellulomonas sp. CS1-1 on microcrystalline cellulose, sigmacell was maximal after 5-day cultivation as 280 units/mL, which was three times higher than the level produced on carboxymethyl cellulose. A carboxymethyl cellulase containing the carbohydrate of 8.2% was purified from the culture filtrate by successive procedures of column chromatographies. Purification factor was calculated as 22-folds with the specific carboxymethyl cellulase activity of 31.9 units/mg. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the purified enzyme were 54,000 and pI 5.4, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 6.0 and $45^{\circ}C$, and the enzyme was stable between pH 6.5 and 7.5 and below $50^{\circ}C$. The estimated Km and Vmax were 10 mg/mL and $6.25{\mu}mol/min$ for carboxymethyl cellulose and 30.3 mg/mL and $2.85{\mu}mol/min$ for sigmacell, respectively. The enzyme was partially inhibited by $Ag^+$, $Zn^{+{+}}$, $Fe^{+{+}}$ and EDTA, while completely inhibited by $Cd^{+{+}}$ and $Hg^{+{+}}$ at 1 mM concentration.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate fast food consumption, awareness of fast food and food habit of middle school students in Wonju area according to their intake frequency of fast foods. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups according to intake frequency of fast foods : frequent users($\geq$ 1 times/week, 29.5%) users(2~3 times/month, 50.7%), non-users($\leq$ 1 time/month, 19.8%). As for the purpose of eating fast food, many ate fast food between meals. The most favorite fast food was chicken regardless of intake frequency, followed by pizza, hamburger, the reason being that it tasted good. Regarding if there was any room for improvement, the largest number of the students asked for inexpensive price, irrespective of fast food intake frequency. Compared to users, non-users intake more diverse foods, vegetables, dairy products, fruits, protein foods and seaweed. Users or frequent users of fast food more felt drowsy, cold in the hand and foot, rough skin symptoms than non-users. In conclusion, frequent consumption of fast foods can lead unbalanced diet intakes for middle school students, and those who consumed fast foods frequently showed undesirable food habits in their daily meal.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.91-105
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to conduct a questionnaire survey for total 503 high school female students in Wonju area, Kangwon province, and thereby determine any potential effectiveness of their trials to reduce weight in their satisfaction with their own figure, daily living practices related to weight control, nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors. Out of all respondents, it was found that 284 girl students(58.4%) ever tried to reduce weight, and both trial group(trying to reduce weight) and no-trial group were much interested in weight control(94.7% vs. 60.7%). But 85.2% of trial group and 50.3% of no-trial group were dissatisfied at their figure. It was found that the percentage of trial group practicing regular exercise was higher than that of no-trial group doing so(21.8% vs. 5.5%). Subjects scored 14.3 out of 20 on a nutrition knowledge scale, but trial group scored significantly higher points(14.5) than no-trial group(13.9)(p<0.01). In particular, it was notable that trial group showed higher rate of correct answer in certain items such as balanced diet and knowledge about weight control. It was found that our all respondents showed moderate dietary behaviors, which is demonstrated by their mean score of 31.3 in dietary behaviors(possible score: $15{\sim}45$). Notably, it was found that there were problems exposed in their dietary velocity, intake of various diets and intake frequency for each food group(dairy products, marine plants and vegetative oil and fat). And it was found that the percentage of trial group taking diet with vegetative oil was higher than that of no-trial group.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the vitamin D status and to determine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations and consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods in Korean adults and older adults. Methods: Subjects were 10,374 adults and 2,792 older adults participating in the 2008-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Consumption frequencies of vitamin D rich foods were estimated by using a qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Eleven food items such as beef, egg, mackerel, tuna, yellow corvina, pollack, anchovy, mushroom, milk, yogurt, and ice cream were selected as vitamin D rich foods based on previous research. Results: The proportions of deficiency (< 12 ng/mL), inadequacy (12-20 ng/mL) and sufficiency (${\geq}20ng/mL$) of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in adults were 8.8%, 42.3%, 48.8%, and 28.2%, 52.8%, 19.1%, respectively. The proportions of deficiency, inadequacy and sufficiency of serum 25(OH)D concentrations from June to November and December to May in older adults were 10.1%, 32.4%, 57.5%, and 24.1%, 45.4%, 30.5%, respectively. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of mackerel, anchovy, all fish, milk and milk dairy products. The mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in older adults were positively related to the consumption frequencies of yellow corvina and negatively related to the consumption frequencies of ice cream. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Korean adults were more deficient in serum 25(OH)D concentrations than older adults. The consumption of vitamin D rich foods may affect vitamin D status in Korean adults. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 1985

The purified $\beta$-galactosidase from L. sporogenes was most active at pH 7.0 and 6$0^{\circ}C$ with O-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) in 0.05 M phosphate buffer. It was stable over a pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 and lost less than 10％ of its activity after heating for 30 minutes at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.0. All the mineral ions examined in this work showed no significant activating effect, whereas L-cysteine exerted a great stimnlatory effect on the enzyme activity at the concentration of 10 mM. The Km values were 1.2 mM for ONPG and 33.3 mM for lactose. Approximately 85％ of lactose in cow's milk, in 10％ skim milk and in 5％ lactose solution was hydrolyzed after 4 hours incubation at 6$0^{\circ}C$ with 2 units of the purified $\beta$-galactosidase per $m\ell$ of the substrate solutions. The $\beta$-galactosidase from L. sporogenes, therefore, is considered to be suitable for hydrolysis of lactose in milk and other dairy products.