• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1975

Changes of urinary aldosterone excretion, concurrent sodium and potassium excretion following furosemide administration were studied in normotensive young Korean with high sodium intake, moderate sodium restriction and marked sodium depletion. After intravenous injection of furosemd 40mg, plasma and urine samples were collected at every thirty minutes for two hours. Plasma-and urinary aldosterone, electrolyte concentration and urine flow rate were measured by means of radioimmunoassay or flamephotometry. Relations of urinary aldosterone to concurrent sodium or potassium/sodium ratio, and of urinary aldosterone to concurrent plasma aldosterone activity were studied. Following were the results: 1. Furosemide administration resulted in a increased urinary aldosterone concentration and unchanged or somewhat decreased sodium concentration in course of time after the injection. 2. Urinary potassium concentration showed initial decrease and subsequent increase in course of time after furosemide administration and it resulted in a gradual increase in urinary potassium/sodium ratio. 3. Studying the relations between urinary aldosterone excretion and potassium/sodium excretion ratio, or sodium excretion were meaningless because of the urinary flow rate after the injection was decreased with time course. 4. Furosemide administration showed a good relationship of urinary aldosterone concentration to concurrent potassium/sodium ratio rather than concurrent sodium concentration in subjects with sodium restriction, but no meaningful relationship was detected in subjects with high sodium intake because increasing rate of the ratio was not so wide. 5. Furosemide also resulted a reasonable relation of plasma aldosterone concentration to concurrent urinary aldosterone concentration especially during low sodium intake. 6. Above results suggested that relation of urinary aldosterone concentration to K/Na ratio following furosemide administration during sodium restriction is significant and has a benefit to reduce the variation induced by kalemic change showing in the diragram for daily aldosterone to sodium excretion.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2006

A study was conducted to predict the rumen microbial protein production based on urinary excretion of purine derivatives in buffaloes fed a diet of wheat straw and concentrate (40:60) at four fixed levels of feed intake. (95, 80, 60 and 40% of preliminary voluntary feed intake) following experimental protocol of IAEA (Phase I). The buffaloes were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ latin square design. The urinary allantoin, uric acid, total PD excretion (mmol/d) in treatments L-95, L-80, L-60 and L-40 was 20.13, 16.00, 12.96 and 9.17; 1.88, 2.12, 2.11 and 2.15; 22.01, 18.12, 15.07 and 11.32, respectively and were significantly (p<0.05) different among treatments except for uric acid. The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) was positively correlated with the digestible organic matter intake. Variations were observed in PD and creatinine concentration in spot samples collected at 6-hour interval. However, daily PD:Creatinine ratio (PDC index) appears to be a reasonably good predictor of microbial-N supply. The contribution of basal purine excretion to total excretion of purine derivatives (PD) was determined in pre-fasting period followed by a fasting period of 6 d (Phase II). Daily PD and creatinine excretion (mmol/kg $W^{0.75}$) during fasting averaged 0.117 and 0.456 respectively for buffaloes. The excretion rates of PD decreased significantly (p<0.01) during fasting compare to pre-fasting period, the urinary creatinine excretion remained almost similar. Except for creatinine, plasma concentration of target parameters significantly (p<0.01) declined during fasting. Likewise, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal clearance of allantoin and uric acid also decreased. Based on the PD excretion rates during fasting and at different levels of feed intake obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y-mmol) and microbial purine absorption (X-mmol) was developed for buffaloes as Y = 0.74X+0.117 kg $W^{0.75}$. The microbial N supply (g/kg DOMI) remained statistically similar irrespective of dietary treatment. The results showed that excretion of urinary purine derivatives is positively correlated with the levels of feed intake in Murrah buffaloes and thus, estimation of urinary purine derivatives and PDC index could be used to determine microbial nitrogen supply when there is large variation in level of feed intake.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1043-1047
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• 2002

이소플라본의 섭취량 측정방법에서 식품중 함량분석이 미비한 실정이기 때문에 식이섭취조사 이외에도 소변을 통한 분석방법의 이용 가능성을 알아보고자 실시되었다. 전북 익산시에 거주하는 폐경 후 여성을 대상으로 3개월간 이소플라본 90mg을 함유한 대두 이소플라본 추출물을 매일 1회씩 섭취하도록 하고, 실험전과 실험 후반 3일간의 식이섭취조사와 1일간의 24시간 소변을 수집하여 소변으로의 이소플라본 배설량을 측정 비교한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 연구대상자 25명의 평균 연령은 64.2세였으며, 신장은 149.6 cm이었고, 체중과 체질량지수는각각 58.1 kg,25.9kg/m$^2$이었다. 연구대상자의 실험 전 열량 섭취량은 1일 평균 1337.5 kcal였으며, 이소플라본 공급기간 중에도 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 단백질의 섭취량은 실험전 1일 평균 56.9g으로 양호한 수준을 나타내었고, 이소플라본 공급 중에도 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이외에 비타민 A, 카로틴, 비타민 C를 제외한 지질, 당질, 비타민, 무기질의 섭취량에 있어서도 실험 전과 실험 기간중에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 일상식이중 총 이소플라본의 섭취량은 25.3 mg이었으며, 이중 다이드제인이 11.8 mg, 제니스테인이 13.5 mg이었다. 이소플라본 공급 기 간(90 mg/day)중 일상 식이를 통한 이소플라본의 섭취량은 21.5 mg으로 실험전과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이소플라본 공급전의 24시간 소변중 이소플라본(다이드제인과 제니스테인의 합) 배설량은 8.4 mg이었으며, 이소플라본 섭취량의 15.8%가 비례적으로 소변을 통하여 배설되었다. 매일 90mg의 이소플라본을 공급(90 mg/day)한 3개월 후에는 13.9mg으로 공급전에 비하여 유의적인 증가를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과를 통하여 24시간 소변을 통한 이소플라본 배설량 특히 다이드제인과 제니스테인의 측정은 이소플라본의 섭취수준을 파악할 수 있는 자료로 활용 가능성이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 본 연구는 대상자가 수가 적고 실험기관 공급수준의 다양성이 없다는 제한점을 가지고 있기 때문에 좀더 많은 인원수를 대상으로 기간과 섭취수준을 달리하는 등의 지속적인 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2007

본 연구는 한국인 특성에 대해 보다 신뢰할 수 있는 방사성핵종의 체내 흡수선량 평가를 위한 일환으로 $^{131}I$을 선정하여 체내 각 장기별 잔류율 및 소변 일일배설률을 측정하였다. 실험방법은 성인남성 28명을 대상으로 $^{131}I$을 경구 투여한 후, 시간대별(2, 4, 6, 24시간) 갑상선, 간, 위, 소장, 신장, 소변의 방사능을 측정하고 이를 이용하여 각 장기별 잔류율 및 소변 일일배설률을 산출하였다. 그 결과, $^{131}I$ 투여 24시간 후 갑상선이 평균 19.70%의 잔류율과 71.12%의 소변 일일배설률을 나타냈으며, 갑상선을 제외한 각 장기는 투여 2시간 후 최고 잔류율 및 최고 소변 일일배설률을 보이나, 이후 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 잔류율이 높은 장기 순서는 갑상선을 제외하고 위, 왼쪽 신장, 간, 소장, 오른쪽 신장으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 산출된 방사성옥소의 섭취 24시간 후 갑상선 잔류율 변화는 기존 30%로 보고된 ICRP-54/67 및 25% 잔류율로 보고된 ICRP-78의 자료와 차이를 나타냈다. 한국인의 특성에 맞는 체내 흡수선량 평가의 올바른 접근과 그에 따른 기초 자료의 확보는 향후 원자력 발전소의 작업 종사자 내부피폭 및 임상에서 발생 가능한 체내 피폭의 정량적 평가에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2007

This study compared the recovery rate of intrajugular-administered allantoin in the urine and saliva between swamp buffaloes and zebu cattle to examine whether it could explain the lower excretion rate of urinary purine derivatives (PD) in the buffaloes. Three male swamp buffalo yearlings, with an average body weight of $349{\pm}40.35$ kg, and three Thai native cattle ($154{\pm}3.26$ kg) of similar age and sex were used in the study. Animals were kept in individual pens and fed at a maintenance energy level with a diet containing 65% monk bean husk (Vigna radiata) as roughage and 35% concentrates. Allantoin solution was infused into the jugular vein in four incremental rates equivalent to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/d and urine was collected daily in acidified form. Daily PD excretion was linearly correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species. The relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol/d) and intrajugular allantoin infused (X, mmol/d) was $Y=0.75{\pm}0.318X+22.45{\pm}2.98$ ($r^2$ = 0.36, n = 12, MSE = 38.02, CV = 21.9, p<0.01) for swamp buffaloes and $Y=0.96{\pm}0.10X+15.93{\pm}0.92$ ($r^2$ = 0.91, n = 12, MSE = 3.60, CV = 8.27, p<0.01) for zebu cattle. The salivary PD concentration was not correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species, with values for buffaloes numerically lower than those for cattle. The present study reconfirmed previous studies that buffaloes have a lower plasma PD excretion rate via the renal route and a significant proportion (22%) of the plasma PD loss is via the saliva. However, results of our present and previous studies suggest that differences in purine base (PB) metabolism between buffaloes and zebu cattle occur before the purine compounds reach the plasma pool.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1567-1574
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• 2007

A study was carried out to study the response of total purine derivatives (PD) excretion in urine to determine microbial N (MN) supply at four fixed levels of feed intake (namely 95, 80, 60 and 40% of voluntary intake). The crossbred (CB) calves were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square Design and fed wheat straw and concentrate (1:1). The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) as a linear function of feed intake was 15.85/kg DMI and 20.12/kg DOMI. Based on the endogenous and PD excretion rates obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol) and daily microbial protein supply (X, mmol) was developed for crossbred calves as Y = 0.83X+0.296 kg $W^{0.75}$. The derived microbial N values using this equation differed (p<0.001) among the 4 groups and was the highest in L-95 followed by L-80, L-60 and L-40. The relationship between urinary nitrogen loss (Y, g/d) and DOMI (X, kg/d) was established as: Y = 6.038X+21.753 ($r^2$ = 0.663, p<0.01). When urinary excretion of PD (Y, mmol/d) was plotted against intake of DM and DOM (X, kg/d), the equations obtained were: Y = 7.1711X+8.674 ($r^2$ = 0.889, p<0.01) and Y = 12.434X+7.683 ($r^2$ = 0.896, p<0.01), respectively. The proportional contribution of allantoin and uric acid to total PD remained stable irrespective of level of feed intake. Similarly, urinary excretion of creatinine did not differ (p>0.05) between animals fed at different levels. The MN supply was the highest to animals at intake levels L-95, and decreased linearly with corresponding decrease in feed intake. However, the MN supply when expressed per kg DOMI remained statistically (p>0.05) similar irrespective of level of intake. The results revealed that the excretion of urinary purine derivatives were positively correlated with the level of feed intake as well as rumen microbial supply and thus it could be a good indicator for measuring the microbial protein supply and nutritional status of animals.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 1997

This study was conducted to examine the effects of Na, K intake and stress level on the blood pressure and urinary excretion of Na, K in the third grade lacto-ovo vegetable male high school students. Twenty-one lacto-ovo vegetarian male high school students were selected, and their physical state, stress level, dietary intake and urinary excretion of Na, K were measured followed by examining the relationship among these factors and blood pressure. The results of the study can be summarized as follows : 1. The average age of the subjects was 17.7 years, and the average score of BMI was 20.4. The average score of Rohrer and blood pressure were 119.1, 112.3/7.5mmHg, each. All of these were in a normal range. Daily calorie intake was 2676.8kcal and Na, K intakes were 152.76mEq, respectively. 2. 71.4% of subjects were susceptible to the disease associated with stress, although there was no significant difference among the salt level, stress and blood pressure. 3. There was significant difference between dietary Na intake ratio, urinary Na excretion and urinary K excretion rate (p<0.001). 4. There was significant difference between systolic blood pressure and BMI/Rohrer score(p<0.01).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.291-301
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• 2004

We studied the effects of soy isoflavones supplementation with exercise on bone mineral density and the urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline as an index of bone resorption rates in postmenopausal women. A total of 67 postmen-opausal women were assigned to Isoflavone (90 mg/day) or placebo groups. These group were further divided into groups that undergone a regular exercise or a rather sedentary state performing daily activity only. Four groups were Placebo-control group (n = 16), Placebo-exercise group (n = 16), Isoflavone-sedentary group (n = 19) and Isofla-vone-exercise group (n = 16). After the intervention, we compared anthropometric mesurement, dietary recall, bone mineral density (femoral neck, lumbar spine), urinary deoxypyridinoline between the groups and between the pre and post studies. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of average age, height, weight, period after menopause at the baseline. The average age of the subjects were 55.2 yrs, average height, weight, period after menopause were 154.7 cm, 59.3 kg, 5.58 yrs, respectively. After eight week intervention period, there were no significant differences between the four groups in bone mineral density, but urinary deoxypyridinoline excretion was significantly decreased both in Isoflavone-sedentary and Isoflavone-Exercise groups. These results suggest that Isofla-vone supplementation alone or with exercise may be preventive measures through the decrease of bone reabsorption rate in post-menopausal subjects. Whereas exercise alone did not appear to be an effective measure in bone loss with these subjects.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.47-59
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• 1991

This study wa performed to investigate the effects of dietary protein and fiber on the lead and protein metabolism in lead poisoning rats. Seventy male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 172$\pm$2g were blocked into 14 gropus according to body weight. Protein(casein) was given at levels of 15 or 40%, and fibers(pectin, cellulose and CMC) were given at levels of 0, 4 or 10%. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio(FER) in groups fed high protein diets were higher than those in low protein groups. Liver weight in groups fed no dietary fiber was higher than that of animals fed fiber. Kidney and femur weights were greater in high protein groups. Tibia and femur lengths, and tibia weight were not significantly different among groups. 2. Hemoglobin content and hematocrit values showed no significant differance with dietary factors. 3. Total protein contents of serum and liver showed no significant difference, but tended to increase with increasing dietary protein level. Both daily urinary and fecal nitrogen excretions in high protein groups were higher than those in low protein groups. Especially daily fecal nitrogen excretions in high dietary fiber groups were significantly high. Body nitrogen absorption rate was the highest in animals fed no fiber. 4. Pb levels in blood, liver, kidney and bone tended to decrease with high dietary protein and fiber levels. Especially Pb level of kidney was high in all groups. Daily urinary Pb excretion showed no significant difference with dietary factors, but fecal Pb excretion increased significantly in high protein and fiber groups.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-370
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• 1998

To evaluate the renal toxicity of the antitumor agent, p-{N,N,-Bis(2-chloroethyl)amino}-4-phenyl acetyl-amino-2,6-piperidinedione(CK-15), rats were treated with CK-15 (acute: 50mg/kg. i.p., single and subacute: 5mg/kg, i.p., daily for 7 days). The changes in the body weight, water consumption, kidney weights and urine volume after and during the treatment were observed. The concentrations of urinary creatinine and portein, the activities of N-acetyl-${\beta}$-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transpeptidase (${\gamma}$-GT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 24hr urine were also determined. The body weight, water consumption, and urine volume were decreased after the acute and subacute administration. However the weights of kidney were not changed after the treatments. The excretion of creatinine was significantly decreased 1 day after acute administration but, returned to the control value. In subactute administration, the excretion of creatinine was gradually decreased. However, the protein excretion did not changed in both treatment. Those indicate that CK-15 might decrease the metabolic rate of muscle. THe urinary activities of NAG, AAP, ${\gamma}$-GT, and LDH were significantly affected bythe drug treatment. The urinary activities of NAG, AAP and ${\gamma}$-GT were significantly increased 1 day after the acute administration and then returned to the control value. However, the urinary activities of LDH were not changed in acute treatment. In subacute treatment, although the urinary activities of NAG were not changed, those of AAP and ${\gamma}$-GT were significantly increased 2.3 times at 3 days during the subacute administration. Also the urinary activities of LDH were significantly increased at 7 day after the administration. These results indicate that the high and subacute administration might induce a damage in the kidney cells. Furthermore the present results suggest that the toxic effects of CK-15 might be due to the accumulation of the metabolites.