• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.459-471
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• 2009

Air Monitoring Network(11 urban stations) is operated to measure ambient air quality in Daegu city. The urban air monitoring stations include 6 in residence area, 3 in industrial area, 1 in commercial area, and 1 in green area. In this study, hourly data (2006. 1. 1~2008. 12. 31) of $PM_{10}$ were measured at 11 urban air monitoring stations. $PM_{10}$ mean concentrations were high in fall and winter because of low wind speed and many haze days. The number of exceeding the daily standard of $PM_{10}$ in industrial area was approximately twice as many as that in residence area. $PM_{10}$ concentrations and visibility were influenced significantly by wind speed. Wind speed and visibility were below 1.8 m/s and 10 km, respectively when $PM_{10}$ concentrations were over $120{\mu}g/m^3$. $PM_{10}$ concentrations were high when haze was observed. The mean concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were $104{\pm}41.3{\mu}g/m^3$, $63{\pm}35.1{\mu}g/m^3$, and $49{\pm}26.9{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively when haze, mist and clear were observed.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2018

ICT 기술이 발전함에 따라, 다양한 크기와 형태의 웨어러블 디바이스가 개발되어 지고 있다. 또한, 성능이나 스펙은 현재의 스마트폰과 연결 가능하도록 IOT 융합 제품으로 재탄생 되고 있다. 이것은 4차 산업혁명의 범용 기술 중 하나로, 우리의 삶의 질과 환경을 바꾸는 기술로 집중 조명을 받고 있다. 이와 함께 헬스케어 기술이 결합된 신기술 제품이 증가함에 따라, 이를 필요로 하는 사용자들에게 다양한 기능들이 제공되고 있다. 웨어러블 기술은 기술개발과 함께 지속적인 증가 추세에 있다. 또한 이를 스마트 와치 형태의 제품으로 개발하여 제품을 출시하고 있다. 또한 소형화를 위해 마이크로프로세서의 집적화 기술을 적용한 오픈소스 하드웨어들이 개발되고 있다. 그중 아두이노 관련 제품은 현재 다양하게 만들어져 있으며 용도에 따라 아두이노 프로세서를 개발 툴에 맞추어 사용하면 된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 오픈소스 하드웨어 기반의 타이니두이노를 활용하여 웨어러블 신체 생체 활동 모니터링 시스템을 개발하였다. 타이니두이노는 Atmega 프로세스를 기반으로 제작된 초소형 아두이노 호환 보드로 오픈소스 통합 개발 환경(스케치)에서 프로그램이 가능하다. 웨어러블 신체 생체 활동 모니터링 시스템은 일상적인 건강관리를 할 수 있는 스마트 u-Healthcare 시스템이라는 것이 큰 장점이라 할 수 있겠다.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.232-243
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• 2018

The construction, development and maintenance of an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable campus involves the integration of measuring tools and technical information that invites and encourages the community to know the actual state to generate positive actions for reducing the negative impacts over the local environment. At the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Campus $Bogot{\acute{a}}$, a public area with daily traffic of more than 25000 people, the Environmental Management Bureau has committed with the monitoring of the noise pollution and air quality, as support to the campaigns aiming to reduce the pollutant emissions associated to the student's activities and campus operation. The target of this study is based in the implementation of mobile air quality and sonometry monitoring equipment, the mapping of the actual air quality and noise pollution inside the university campus as a novel methodology for a sub-area inside a megacity. This results and mapping are proposed as planning tool for the institution administrative sections. A mobile Kunak$^{(R)}$ Air & OPC air monitoring station with the capability to measure particulate matter $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, Ozone ($O_3$), Sulfur Oxide ($SO_2$), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide ($NO_2$) as well as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Latitude and Longitude coordinates for the data georeferenciation; and a sonometer Cirrus$^{(R)}$ 162B Class 2 were used to perform the measurements. The measurements took place in conditions of academic activity and without it, with the aim of identify the impacts generated by the campus operation. Using the free code geographical information software QGIS$^{(R)}$ 2.18, the maps of each variable measured were developed, and the impacts generated by the operation of the campus were identified qualitative and quantitively. For the measured variables, an increase of around 21% for the $L_{Aeq}$ noise level and around 80% to 90% for air pollution were detected during the operation period.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2004

실시간 관측자료를 사용하여 현재상태를 진단하고 이후의 변화를 예보하는 것은 우주환경 모니터링 시스템의 필수적인 요소라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 ION(IDL On the Net)을 이용하여 웹 기반의 우주환경모니터링 시스템을 구축하였다(http://sun.kao.re.kr). 이 웹 페이지에서는 현재의 태양 및 지자기 데이터를 보여주고 위성, 통신, 지상 전력시스템에 줄 수 있는 영향을 예측하여 제시하고 있다. 그리고 NOAA/SEC에서 매일 제시하는 태양 X선 플레어, 프로톤 현상, 지자기 폭풍의 예보결과를 표시한다. 또한 행성간 태양 충격파와 CME(Coronal Mass Ejection; 코로나 물질 방출)의 지구도달 시간을 예측하기 위해 두 가지의 예측모델이 웹에서 구동되도록 하였다. 현재 우리는 여러가지 태양 및 지자기 활동과 관련된 각종데이터를 IDL과 FTP 프로그램을 사용하여 실시간으로 다운받아 우주환경 데이터베이스를 확장하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국천문연구원의 우주환경모니터링시스템 개발에 관하여 자세히 기술한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2016

Body temperature (BT) monitoring in cattle could be used to early detect fever from infectious disease or physiological events. Various ways to measure BT have been applied at different locations on cattle including rectum, reticulum, milk, subcutis and ear canal. In other to evaluate the temperature stability and reliability of subcutaneous temperature (ST) in highly fluctuating field conditions for continuous BT monitoring, long term ST profiles were collected and analyzed from cattle in autumn/winter and summer season by surgically implanted thermo-logger devices. Purposes of this study were to assess ST in the field condition as a reference BT and to determine any location effect of implantation on ST profile. In results, ST profile in cattle showed a clear circadian rhythm with daily lowest at 05:00 to 07:00 AM and highest around midnight and rather stable temperature readings (mean${\pm}$standard deviation [SD], $37.1^{\circ}C$ to $37.36^{\circ}C{\pm}0.91^{\circ}C$ to $1.02^{\circ}C$). STs are $1.39^{\circ}C$ to $1.65^{\circ}C$ lower than the rectal temperature and sometimes showed an irregular temperature drop below the normal physiologic one: 19.4% or 36.4% of 54,192 readings were below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. Thus, for BT monitoring purposes in a fever-alarming-system, a correction algorithm is necessary to remove the influences of ambient temperature and animal resting behavior especially in winter time. One way to do this is simply discard outlier readings below $36.5^{\circ}C$ or $37^{\circ}C$ resulting in a much improved mean${\pm}$SD of $37.6^{\circ}C{\pm}0.64^{\circ}C$ or $37.8^{\circ}C{\pm}0.55^{\circ}C$, respectively. For location the upper scapula region seems the most reliable and convenient site for implantation of a thermo-sensor tag in terms of relatively low influence by ambient temperature and easy insertion compared to lower scapula or lateral neck.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.369-378
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• 2015

Various forms of wearable bio-signal monitoring systems have been developed recently. Acquisition of stable bio-signal data for health care purposes needs to be unconscious and continuous without hindrance to the users' daily activities. The garment type is a suitable form of a wearable bio-signal monitoring system; however, motion artifacts caused by body movement degrade the signal quality during the measurement of bio-signals. It is crucial to stabilize the electrode position to reduce motion artifacts generated when in motion. The problems with motion artifacts remain unresolved despite their significant effect on bio-signal monitoring. This research creates a foundation for the design of garment-type wearable systems for everyday use by finding a method to reduce motion artifacts through modular design. Two distinct garment-type wearable systems (tee-shirt with a motion artifact-reducing module (MARM) and tee-shirt without a MARM) were designed to compare the effects of modular design on the measurement of heart activity in terms of electrode position displacement, signal quality index value, and morphological quality. The tee-shirt with MARM showed superior properties and yielded higher quality signals than the tee-shirt without MARM. In addition, the tee-shirt with MARM showed a better repeatability of the heart activity signals. Therefore, a garment design with MARM is an efficient way to acquire stable bio-signals while in motion.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.270-277
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• 2012

Greenhouse industry has been growing in many countries due to both the advantage of stable year-round crop production and increased demand for fresh vegetables. In greenhouse cultivation, $CO_2$ concentration plays an essential role in the photosynthesis process of crops. Continuous and accurate monitoring of $CO_2$ level in the greenhouse would improve profitability and reduce environmental impact, through optimum control of greenhouse $CO_2$ enrichment and efficient crop production, as compared with the conventional management practices without monitoring and control of $CO_2$ level. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the $CO_2$ emission from soil as affected by environmental factors in greenhouses. Among various model types evaluated, a linear regression model provided the best coefficient of determination. Selected predictor variables were solar radiation and relative humidity and exponential transformation of both. As a response variable in the model, the difference between $CO_2$ concentrations at the soil surface and 5-cm depth showed are latively strong relationship with the predictor variables. Segmented regression analysis showed that better models were obtained when the entire daily dataset was divided into segments of shorter time ranges, and best models were obtained for segmented data where more variability in solar radiation and humidity were present (i.e., after sun-rise, before sun-set) than other segments. To consider time delay in the response of $CO_2$ concentration, concept of time lag was implemented in the regression analysis. As a result, there was an improvement in the performance of the models as the coefficients of determination were 0.93 and 0.87 with segmented time frames for sun-rise and sun-set periods, respectively. Validation tests of the models to predict $CO_2$ emission from soil showed that the developed empirical model would be applicable to real-time monitoring and diagnosis of significant factors for $CO_2$ enrichment in a soil-based greenhouse.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 2017

최근 미세먼지는 국내에서 중요한 사안으로 되어가고 있다. 왜냐하면 미세먼지는 호흡기 질환, 안과 질환과 같은 수많은 질병을 불러일으키기 때문이다. 본 연구는 GIS 공간분석 기술을 이용하여 PM10 관측소의 위치에 대한 적정성을 평가하기 위하여 공간정보의 활용 사례를 제시하였다. 미세먼지 측정소 최적 위치를 평가하기 위한 공간정보 활용사례는 국가 공간자료와 건강위해성과 밀접하게 관련있는 PM10 측정 자료의 최적 위치와 함께 조사되었다. 서울시에는 31개 관측소가 있으며, 이들 측정소에서 관측된 PM10 자료를 가지고 추정된 PM10 농도는 공간보간기법을 적용하여 적정한 측정소 위치평가기법을 제시하는데 적용하였다. 서울시에서 PM10 측정망의 농도지도와 IDW와 크리깅 방법으로 추정된 농도는 강우량, 유동인구, 초등학교 위치정보와 같은 국가공간정보와 비교하였다. 일평균, 계절평균, 연평균 등의 PM10 농도는 현재의 PM10 측정소 위치와 위치적정성을 분석하는데 사용하였다. PM10농도는 2015년 유동인구와 지역 통계분석법에 적용된 계산된 PM10 분포와 비교하였다. 국가공간데이터는 PM10 오염분포와 부가적인 PM10 모니터링 사이트를 분석하는데 적용 가능하였다. 본 연구의 향후 연구과제는 PM10 모니터링 측정소의 새로운 위치를 선정하는데 사용된 국가공간정보의 활용성을 제안하는데 있다.

• 감성과학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.161-168
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 무구속, 무자각, 무침습적인 패치형 심장활동 모니터링 시스템(HAMS)을 개발하였다. 이 심전도 모듈은 무선 통신을 사용하여 신호를 컴퓨터로 전송 받아 실시간으로 피검자의 심장 활동 상태를 언제 어디서나 장시간 동안 손쉽게 모니터링 측정할 수 있는 이동성을 갖추고 있다. 가슴에 부착이 가능한 패치 타입의 소형 전극을 자체 제작하였고, 측정된 심전도 신호에 대한 신뢰성 검증이 이루어졌다. HRV에 대한 스트레스의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 HAMS을 이용하여 동일한 피험자를 대상으로 HRV 파라미터와 불안, 스트레스 항목에 대한 설문지 평가, 스트레스 호르몬(코티졸)양을 측정하였다. 일상 상태와 스트레스 상황에서의 값들을 비교한 결과, 많은 파라미터에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 피어슨 상관계수로부터 스트레스와 상관성이 높은 파라미터를 검토하였다. 이는 HAMS를 이용하여 자율신경계 기능 평가가 충분히 가능하다는 것을 보여주는 것이다. 이러한 결과로부터 HAMS를 통하여 일상생활에서 심장 이상을 예측할 수 있으며, 건강 모니터링 시스템으로 활용도가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.199-215
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• 1996

In Korea, the majority of hospital dietitians expend most of their time performing food management related activities, and only a few carry out nutrition care activities in full-time. This study was designed to measure productivity of the clinical nutrition team and assess the role of clinical dietitians in the only 2200-bed teaching hospital in Korea. Six full-time clinical dietitians collected time data for four weeks according to the nutrition care activities outlined. Three clinical dietitians assigned to 7 units recorded how often physicians implemented their recommendations for two months. Two kinds of survey questionaire were developed and sent to the patients and the health care team. The followings are a summary of the results. 1. The clinical nutrition team of 6 full-time dietitians expended 75% of their time performing patient care activities, 20% in non-patient care activities and 5% in delay and transit. 2. Each clinical dietitian assigned to the units carried out 56 patient care activities on daily basis. 3. The average time required for the clinical nutrition services was 60.2 minutes for outpatient counseling, 89 minutes for inpatient counseling, 72.5 minutes for nutrition management, 95 minutes for malnutrition consult and 121 minutes for dysphagia diet management. 4. Physicians' implementation of clinical dietitians' recommendations was 98.5%. 5. Most physicians and nurses viewed the clinical dietitians on the units assertive, contributing to the quality improvement of medical services, and helpful to the patients as well as the health care team. 6. Most patients viewed the clinical dietitians on the units considerate, attentive and helpful. Based on these results, it is suggested that (1) daily meal round and nutrition care monitoring are effective tools for nutrition intervention in the hospital setting. (2) unit assignment of clinical dietitians enhances the patients' satisfaction in the nutrition services provided as well as the perceptions of health care team on clinical dietitian's expertise.