• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.139-150
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of meteorological factors on sales of apparel products. Basic fiat came out daily meteorological data and sales data of apparel products in department store from 1998 to 2000. Four factors(the average temperature, rainfall, wind velocity, sunshine duration) from the nine meteorological factors were selected and were collected with Korea Meteorological Administration. Sales data were collected with business strategy department of H (department store in Seoul. The sales data were divided into six classifications, which are woman's wear, men's wear, children's wear, golf wear, sports wear, and inner wear. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Sales of apparel products were significantly correlated with the average temperature, rainfall, wind velocity, sunshine duration. Among the meteorological factors, temperature turned out to be the most influential in apparel sales and then the amount of rainfall, sunshine duration affected sales according to apparel classifications differently. 2) There were some differences among the apparel classifications in the effect of meteorological factors on the sales of apparel. In the spring. the higher the temperature was, the higher the sales of women's wear and golf wear were, but the lower the sales of children's wear, sports wear and inner wear were. In the summer, The higher the amount of rainfall was, the lower the sales of all the apparel classification were. The higher the temperature was, the higher the sales of sports wear were. In the fall, the lower the temperature was, the higher the sales of all the apparel classification except snorts wear were. In the winter, the meteorological factors had little effect on the sales of women's wear, men's wear and children's wear. The higher the temperature was, the higher the sales of golf wear were. The lower the temperature was, the higher the sales of sports wear were.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.983-991
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• 1996

This study focusses on how the skirt or slacks wearing habit affects the female physiology in her daily life. The healthy female college students have been trained to wear either skirt (group A) or slacks (group B) from late August to early January in order to study the effects of clothing habit on thermoregulatory responses. Also, the themoregulatory responses have been compared the healthy students groups with a physical trained students group (group C) to examine the effects of clothing habit. The changes in body temperatures of students have been studied under the cool environmental condition (15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 60$\pm$5% RH, 0.25 m/sec). The results were as follows: 1. Rectal temperature of the group A was 0.4$^{\circ}C$ lower at 36.9$^{\circ}C$ than that of the group B The groups A and B were found identical before the training, while the groups A and C were identical after the training. 2. Mean skin temperature of the group A was 1.2$^{\circ}C$ lower than that of the group B. The groups A and C were identical after the training. 3. The thermal sensation was reflected to be cool by the group A and to be cold by the group B. As for the humidity sensation, the group A felt average, whereas the group B reported between average and slightly humid. In the case of comfort sensation, the group A felt average, while the group B felt between average and slightly uncomfortable. In summary, the 18 weeks of training has provided the skirt group an improved acclimatization to the cold environment . This group also showed an insulative-hypothermic adapta lion in a cold ambient temperature, as was the case for the physical trained group. It is concluded that wearing a skirt for a long period of time can be helpful to human body through gaining of thermoregulatory abilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

Thermal environment of city is getting worse due to severe urban heat island caused by climate change and urbanization. Green roof improves the urban thermal environment and save the cooling energy in buildings. This study presented a green roof combined with a storage system that stores rain-water and supplies water through a wick and evaluated the temperature reduction effect as surface temperature and amount of evapotranspiration. For about a week, the surface temperature using a infrared thermal imager and the evapotranspiration by recording change of module weight were measured at intervals of 30 minutes from sunrise to sunset. The results show that the mean surface temperature of the green roof was 15.4 degrees lower than that of the non-green roof from 12:00 P.M. to 14:00 P.M. There was no significant difference between mean surface temperature of green roof with and without storage system immediately after rain, but more than a week after rain, there was a difference with average of 2.49 degrees and maximum of 4.72 degrees. The difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration was measured to be 1.66 times on average. As drought stress increased over time, the difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration and surface temperature between with/without storage system increased simultaneously. The results of the study show a more excellent cooling effect of green roof combined with the rainwater storage system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.551-562
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• 1999

This study was intended to investigate the effect on the human body such as subcutaneous fat thickness the circumference of extremities etc. of the clothing training of putting on thin clothes periodically from the cold period. The subjects were divided into the clothing training group and the non-training group, The training group was asked to wear cool clothes in daily life and to wear the training clothes of T-shirts with half-length sleeves and pants and perform the clothing training for two hours daily three times a week in a cold environment over the period from November to February. The non-training group was asked to lead a life wearing comfortable clothes. Then a comparative experiment was conducted at 15$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R, H and 0.25m/sec before and after the clothing training. After the clothing training regardless of gender subcutaneous fat thickness was more increased and total clothing weight per the surface area of the body was decreased in the training group than the non-training group. The training group showed lower skin temperature in the limbs and lower average skin temperature than the non-training group irrespective of gender which proved the effect of the clothing training. The training group was shown to have attendancy toward a greater sense of warmth and a less sense of discomfort which proved the effect of the clothing training.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-68
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• 2005

Growth and development of a plant over a growing season is closely related to the daily accumulation of heat. Heat unit measured by accumulated growing degree days (GDD) is becoming increasingly popular to estimate the growth of a plant or even in insect. GDD or heat accumulation per day is measured by calculating average daily temperature and then subtracting the base temperature below which growth does not occur. Heat accumulation per day is added for the desired period and accumulated GDD is determined. The present study was conducted in five seasons in an established garden with K-2, S-36 and V-1 mulberry varieties belonging to Morus indica L. grown under completely irrigated condition at the farm of CSRTI, Mysore during 2001 - 2002. Plants were pruned in each season and the growth of the plant measured by total shoot length and fresh leaf yield was recorded at an interval of 5 days starting from 30 days of pruning (DAP) to 70 days when all the plants were pruned. The accumulated GDD for the corresponding days were recorded and used for analysis. Accumulated growing degree days (GDD) have been found to be perfectly correlated with both growth and yield in all the seasons in all the varieties studied. The high $R^2$ values indicated a strong relationship between the accumulated GDD and, growth and yield of mulberry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.1019-1023
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• 2001

An on-farm trial was conducted in temperature-controlled lactation rooms at a commercial pig farm to investigate the efficacy of broadcasting sow suckling grunts from day 4 of lactation, on increasing piglet growth to weaning. In the Broadcast treatment, sows and litters were exposed to a 3-min broadcast from loud-speakers every 42 min. The Control treatment was not exposed to the broadcast. All sows and litters had similar husbandry and piglets were provided with creep feed on the floor twice daily. In each of the three replicates in time, the Broadcast and Control treatments were allocated to different lactation rooms at random and there were 12 sows and litters per treatment per replicate. A total of four identical lactation rooms were available for the trial, each containing 28 conventional sow and litter crates with piglet heater in the creep area. A non-trial room separated the two treatment rooms in each replicate to minimise the chance that the broadcast grunt stimulation was audible to the Control treatment litters. Five "normal and average-looking" piglets from the trial litters were weighed twice, 7 d apart. The cohort of five piglets was identified by ear-tags and formed the experimental unit for the statistical analysis. The average (${\pm}SD$) age of piglets at initial weighing was 7.7(${\pm}2.22$) days. For each litter, mean piglet live weight at day 14 of lactation was estimated by linear regression of the two weights recorded seven days apart, when on average, the Broadcast treatment had been exposed to the stimulation for 10 days. Piglets in the Broadcast treatment were heavier (p<0.01) at day 14 of lactation compared to Control treatment (4.24 and 3.92 kg, respectively) and tended to have a greater average daily weight gain over the 7-d period (245 and 228 g/day, respectively; p<0.08). The results suggest piglet growth was improved by about 8% in response to the regular, timed broadcast of sow suckling grunts in the lactation shed. The independent contributions of milk and creep feed to the improved growth remain to be determined.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.33-41
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• 2021

The emission characteristics and emission factors were determined by measuring the concentration of methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), the amount of ventilation, etc. in the two fattening rooms which have the same environment in winter. As a result of monitoring, the average concentration of CH₄ and N₂O was 20.7-26.7 ppm and 1.4-1.6 ppm. The average temperature inside the room was measured at 20.0-21.4℃, and the average ventilation was 1345.4-1567.3 m³/h. The daily emission of CH₄ for the first 30 days showed a constant emission of 3.6-8.2 g/d/m²/pig, but thereafter, the emission increased rapidly. The daily emission of N₂O was 0.7-1.3 g/d/m²/pig, showing stable emission during the test period, and relatively insignificant emission compared to the emission of CH₄. After repeated test, it was confirmed that there was no significant difference between the two rooms. As a result, the CH₄ 6. 21 g/d/m²/pig and N₂O 1.02 g/d/m²/pig average emission for each room was derived.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.47-54
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• 2009

These clays, because of world economy recession, exports decreased rapidly and manufacturing industry growth fell into negative. Industrial power consumption has been reduced about 7[%] that forms 53[%] of total load demand in Korea. And also, daily load pattern has been changed in several ways because of power consumption decrease influenced by domestic demand recession and heating power load decreased by the rise in temperature. This research analyzes, by analyzing maximum load demand, average load demand, load pattern based on relative factor, and load sensitiveness in accordance with temperature, that maximum load demand is more sensitive to atmospheric temperature than GDP growth rate and average load demand tends to be reduced according to GDP growth rate. I suppose KPX could operate the network system economically and safely by forecasting load demand in winter and summer seasons based on the results.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2017

Climate change phenomenon is posing a serious threat to sustainable corn production in Ghana. This study investigated the impacts of climate change on the rain-fed corn yield in the Dangme East district, Ghana by using Aquacrop model with a daily weather data set of 22-year from 1992 to 2013. Analysis of the weather data showed that the area is facing a warming trend as the numbers of years hotter and drier than the normal seemed to be increasing. Aquacrop model was assessed using the limited observed data to verify model's sufficiency, and showed credible results of $R^2$ and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). In order to simulate the corn yield response to climate variability four climate change scenarios were designed by varying long-term average temperature in the range of ${\pm}1^{\circ}C{\sim}{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and average annual rainfall to ${\pm}5%{\sim}{\pm}30%$, respectively. Generally, the corn yield was negatively correlated to temperature rise and rainfall reduction. Rainfall variations showed more prominent impacts on the corn yield than that of temperature variations. The reduction in average rainfall would instantly limit the crop growth rate and the corn yield irrespective of the temperature variations.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the developmental characteristics of Propylea japonica Thunberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and its consumption of Myzus persicae nymphs at 3 constant temperatures (20.0, 25.0 and $30.0^{\circ}C$; $60{\pm}5%$ relative humidity; 14 h light : 10 h dark). The longevity of adult female P. japonica under 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ was 134.0, 101.0 and 55.2 days, respectively. The total fecundity was 508.6, 875.6, and 383.4 eggs during its life span, respectively. The longevity of adult male P. japonica under 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$ was 128.8, 97.8, and 46.5 days, respectively. Average daily consumption of adult M. persicae by 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar P. japonica at $25^{\circ}C$ was 2.2, 7.3, 14.5, and 29.1, respectively. The average daily number of M. persicae consumed by male and female P. japonica over their lifetimes was 35.0 and 42.9, respectively. Average daily consumption of adult Aphis gossypii by 1st-4th instar P. japonica at $25^{\circ}C$ was 2.2, 7.5, 13.9, and 29.5, respectively. The average daily number of A. gossypii consumed by male and female P. japonica over their lifetimes was 37.0 and 40.8, respectively.