• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.10
• /
• pp.1291-1296
• /
• 2006

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticancer effects of Fagopyrum esculentum Moenech noodles (FEMN) extracts using Ames test and cytotoxicity, respectively. FEMN made buckwheat wet noodles (BWN), buckwheat extruded noodles (BEN) and buckwheat dehydrated noodles (BDN) by 60% buckwheat flour and 70% buckwheat flour. The inhibitory effects of FEMN extracts on cell proliferation in A549, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and HeLa were investigated by SRB assay. The cytotoxic effects of FEMN against the cell lines with human lung carcinoma (A549), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL FEMN of 60% BEN extracts showed strong cytotoxicities of 74.7%, 75.3% and 70.5% against AGS, A549 and HeLa, respectively. The inhibition rate of 70% BWN of FEMN extracts in the S. Typhimurium TA100 strain showed 41% against the mutagenesis induced by MNNG. The inhibition rate of 70% BEN of FEMN extracts in the S. Typhimurium TA98 strain showed 45% against the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2003

Aqueous extracts from eleven species of Korean medicinal plants were screened for antiviral activity against transmissble gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhae virus (PEDV). Seven of eleven plant extracts were found to have cytotoxicity for ST cells at the concentration of 1mg/ml, and ten extracts except Ephedra sinica were found to have non-cytotoxicity for Vero cells at the same concentration, Extracts of Zanthoxylum piperium, Cudrina tricuspidata, Clerodendron trichomum, Sophora flavescens, effectively inhibited TGEV, respectively. There were the antiviral activity against TGEV in the extracts of Glesdistsia sinensis, Euonymus alatus, Ficus carica, Solanum nigrum, Ephedra sinica, Xanthium strumarium, Acanthopanax seeliflorus in spite of their cytotoxicities. Nine extracts except Xanthium strumarium and Acanthopanax seeliflorus were found to have the antiviral activitity against PEDV. Extracts of Zanthoxylum piperium, Sophora flavescens was shown to have antiviral activities against both TGEV and PEDV.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.555-560
• /
• 2009

Pine mushroom (Tricholoma matsutake Sing.) is an expensive and highly prized delicacy in Korean and Japanese cuisines with its unique flavor and functional properties. The pine mushroom juice (PMJ) was investigated for its antioxidant and anti-tumor activities with ABTS radical scavenging method and MTT assay. The phenolic contents in pine mushroom juice ranged from 1.19 to 54.99 GAEs mg/100 mL at the concentrations of $1{\sim}50\;mg/mL$. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of pine mushroom juice were 7.0%, 81.7% and 91.8% at the concentrations of 1, 10 and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The $IC_{50}$ values of pine mushroom juice were 605.9, 788.4, 583.6 and $232.5{\mu}g/mL$ on the cytotoxicities against AGS, HeLa, HepG2 and HT-29, respectively, and PMJ showed the strongest growth inhibitory activity against HT-29 cell. These results suggested therapeutic potential for pine mushroom juice as an anti-oxidant and anti-tumor agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.198-206
• /
• 2003

To assess potential risk of the benzimidazole fungicides, their cytotoxicities were evaluated. Activities of LDH(Lactic dehydrogenase) in the culture fluid of CHL(chinese hamster lung) fiberoblast cell treated with 4.0, 16.0 or $32.0{\mu}g/mL$ of carbendazim for 24 hours were elevated 2.16, 2.94 and 2.64 folds compared to the control, respectively. DNA synthesis was inhibited by 45% at $2.0{\mu}g/mL$ of carbendazim. Benzimidazole fungicides showed high toxicity to cell and mitochondria of CHL cell by Giemsa and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. $IC_{50}$ by the Giemsa assay of thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim and captafol were over 125, 1.2, 30.0 and $0.3{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. $IC_{50}$ by the MTT assay of thiophanate-methyl, benomyl, carbendazim and captafol were over 125, 18.7, 20.4 and $2.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Inhibitory concentration of cell median proliferation by SRB (sulforhodamin B) assay for thiophanate-methyl, carbendazim, benomyl, and captafol were 17.4, 5.3, 1.5 and $0.5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Accordingly, benzimidazole fungicides inhibited DNA synthesis, mitochondrial function, cell proliferation and induced cell necrosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.410-415
• /
• 2008

This study was performed to observe the antimutagenic and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract of kochujang added with sea tangle and deep sea water salts (SDK) and kochujang added with sea tangle (SK) using the Ames test and SRB assay, respectively. The direct antimutagenic effect of SDK and SK methanol extracts were examined by Ames test using Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100. In the Ames test, methanol extract of SDK and SK alone did not exhibit mutagenicity and most of the samples showed high antimutagenic effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). Methanol extract of SDK ($200{\mu}g$/plate) showed approximately 71.4% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain; whereas 56.1% and 83.6% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenensis induced by 4NQO and MNNG against TA100 strain. The cytotoxic effects of SDK and SK increased with increasing sample concentration against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), human stomach adenocarcinoma (AGS), and human lung carcinoma (A549). The SDK at the concentration of 1 mg/ml showed cytotoxicities of 61.5%, 61.3%, 51.4%, 57.9% and 77.7% against HeLa, Hep3B, MCF-7, AGS and A549, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/ml treatment of SDK and SK methanol extract had only $2{\sim}38%$ cytotoxicity on human transformed primary embryonal kidney cell (293).

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.33-55
• /
• 2007

Objectives In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether bojung-ikgitang-gamibang(BJGB) and seonbang-paedoktang(SBPT) significantly affect in vivo and in vitro mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Methods In vivo experiment, mice's mucin which is on a hypersecretion of airway mucin, mice's tracheal goblet cells in hyperplasia and mice's intraepithelial mucosubstances were exposed with SO2for3weeks. Effects of orally-administered BJGB and SBPT during 1 week on vivo mucin secretion and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells were assessed by using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and staining goblet cells with alcian blue. In vitro experiment, confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of each agent to figure out the effectiveness of 3H-mucin secretion. Total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample through Sepharose CL-4B column were analyzed. The effects of each agent on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle and effects of each agent on MUC5AC gene expression in cultured HTSE cells were investigated. Also, possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Additionally, effects of BJGB and SBPT on both MUC5AC gene expression in cultured HTSE cells and TNF- or EGF-induced MUC5AC gene expression in human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were investigated. Results (1) BJGB and SBPT inhibited hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. SBPT also inhibited the increase the number of goblet cells. However, BJGB did not affect the increase of number of goblet cells; (2) BJGB significantly increased mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells, without significant cytotoxicity, and chiefly affected the 'mucin' secretion; (3) SBPT did not affect mucin secretion from cultured HTSE cells without significant cytotoxicity, and also did not affect the secretion of the other releseable glycoproteins; (4) BJGB and SBPT did not affect Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle; (5) SBPT significantly inhibit the expression levels of MUC5AC gene and BJGB significantly increased the expression levels of MUC5AC gene in both HTSE cells and NCI-H292 cells. Conclusions BJGB and SBPT can not only affect the secretion of mucin but also affect the expression of mucin gene. The author suggests that the effects BJGB and SBPT with their components should be further investigated and it is highly desirable to find from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which might regulate hypersecretion of mucin from airway epithelial cells.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.109-124
• /
• 2007

Objectives In the present study, the author intended to investigate whether Gamitonggyu-tang (GTT) significantly affects (since the subject is GTT, you need an 's') in vivo and in vitro mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells. Methods In vivo experiment, mice's mucin which is on a hypersecretion of an airway, mice's tracheal goblet cells in hyperplasia and mice's intraepithelial mucosubstances were exposed with SO2 for 3 weeks. Effects of orally-administered GTT for 1 week on in vivo mucin secretion and hyperplasia of tracheal goblet cells were assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and staining goblet cells with alcian blue. In vitro experiment, confluent hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of GTT to figure out the effectiveness of 3H-mucin secretion. Total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample through Sepharose CL-4B column were analyzed.Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Also, the effect of GTT on contractility of isolated tracheal smooth muscle was investigated. Results (1) GTT inhibited hypersecretion of in vivo mucin. However, it did not affect the increase the number of goblet cells (2) GTT significantly increased mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, without significant cytotoxicity (3) GTT chiefly affected the 'mucin' secretion and did not affect the secretion of the other releasable glycoproteins with less molecular weight than mucin (4) GTT did not affect Ach-induced contraction of isolated tracheal smooth muscle.Conclusions This result suggests that GTT can increase mucin secretion during short-term treatment (in vitro) whereas it can inihibit hypersecretion of mucin during long-term treatment (in vivo). The author suggests that the effect GTT with their components should be further investigated and it is valuable to find from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which might regulate mucin secretion from airway epithelial cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 2006

In the present study, the author tried to investigate whether four oriental medical prescriptions named, jawan-chihyosan (CHS), gwaru-jisiltang (GJT), and several single compounds, kaempferol, coumarin, betaine and ursolic acid significantly affect mucin release from cultured hamster tracheal surface epithelial (HTSE) cells. Confluent HTSE cells were metabolically radiolabeled with 3H-glucosamine for 24 hrs and chased for 30 min in the presence of CHS, GJT, kaempferol, coumarin, betaine and ursolic acid, respectively, to assess the effect of each agent on 3H-mucin release. Possible cytotoxicities of each agent were assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) release. Additionally, total elution profiles of control spent media and treatment sample (CHS and GJT) through Sepharose CL-4B column were analysed and effect of CHS and GJT on MUC5AC mRNA expression in cultured HTSE cells were investigated. The results were as follows : (1) CHS and GJT significantly stimulated mucin release from cultured HTSE cells, with significant cytotoxicity , (2) CHS and GJT chiefly stimulated the 'mucin' release and did not affect significantly the release of the other releasable glycoproteins with less molecular weight than mucin. This result suggests that the three herbal prescriptions specifically stimulate the release of mucin ; (3) CHS and GJT significantly increased the expression levels of MUC 5AC mRNA. This result suggests that the three herbal prescriptions can affect the synthesis of mucin at gene level in cultured HTSE cells ; (4) Kaempferol and coumarin did not affect mucin release, however, betaine and ursolic acid stimulated mucin release. All the agents did not show significant cytotoxicity. We suggest that the effects of CHS and GJT, betaine and ursolic acid should be further investigated and it is of great value to find, from oriental medical prescriptions, novel agents which have the effective expectorant or mucoregulative effect on mucin secretion from airway goblet cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.63-63
• /
• 2003

Opuntia ficus-indicavar. saboten Makino (Cactaceae) is a tropical or subtropical plant that has been widely used as folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes, asthma, burn, edema and gastritis. The purposes of the present study were to identify antioxidant constituents from fruits and stems of the plant cultivated in Cheju island, Korea, and examine their in vitro neuroprotective activities. Using a chromatographic fractionation method, ten chemical constituents were isolated from ethyl acetate extracts. By means of chemical and spectroscopic methods, those were identified as eight flavonoids such as kaempherol (a), quercetin (b), kaempferol 3-methyl ether (c), quercetin 3-methyl ether (d), narcissin (e), dihydrokaernpferol (f), dihydroquercetin (g) and erioclictyol (h), and two terpenoids such as 3-oxo-${\alpha}$-ionol-${\beta}$-d-glucopyranoside (i) and roseoside (j). Among the isolated compounds, comrounds c~e and h~j were those reported for the first titre from the plant. Compounds b, d and g showed DPPH free radical scavenging activities with IC$\sub$50/ values of 28, 19 and 31, ${\mu}$M respectively. Compounds d and g also inhibited iron-dependent lipid peroxidation with IC$\sub$50/ values of 2.4 and 3.5 ${\mu}$M. In a primary rat cortical neuronal cell culture system, compounds b, d and g inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 18.2, 2.1 and 54.6 ${\mu}$M) and H$_2$O$_2$-induced (IC$\sub$50/ values of 13.6, 1.9 and 25.7 ${\mu}$M) cytotoxicities. In addition, compounds d and g inhibited NMDA-induced excitotoxicity by 21 and 33%, and only compound d inhibited growth factor withdrawal-induced apoptosis by 31% at a tested concentration of 3 ${\mu}$M. The results suggest that the antioxidant constituents with in vitroneuroprotective activities may serve as lead chemicals for the development of neuroprotective agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2004

This study has been undertaken to increase availability of native camellia in Jeonnam as a medicinal resource and to isolate the effective components from them. Fresh leaf and flower of camellia, single camellia tea and camellia tea mixed with green tea, herbs were screened for cytotoxicity on MCF -7 (human breast adenocarcinoma pleual effusion), Calu-6 (human pulmonary carcinoma), SNU-601 (human gastric carcinoma) cells. Also their multidrug-resistance reversing activity were evaluated using drug sensitive AML-2/WT and multidrug-resistant AML-2/D100 cells. Among the camellia extracts, young leaf and camellia tea mixed with green tea had strong growth inhibitory effects in below 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against human cancer cells. In result, young leaf showed the strongest inhibitory effects on MCF -7 ($IC_{50}$/ = 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL ↑), Calu-6 ($IC_{50}$/ = 79 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and SNU -601 ($IC_{50}$/ = 39 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), and AML-2/WT ($IC_{50}$/ = 64 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). Chemosensitizing effect was the extracts of mature leaf ($IC_{50}$/ = 97 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF=3.0), roasted tea ($IC_{50}$/ = 76 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF = 2.6 ↑) and steam tea ($IC_{50}$/ = 70 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, RF=2.8 ↑) strongly potentiate vincristine cytotoxicity in AML-2/D100 cells. But their cytotoxicities to both sensitive AML-2/WT and resistant AML-2/D100 cells were in the same order of magnitude. This results indicate that crude extracts of camellia mature leaves would contain some principles which have chemosensitizing activity.