• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2012

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by formation of multiple fluid-filled cysts that expand over time and destroy renal architecture. The proteins encoded by the $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ genes, mutations in which account for nearly all cases of ADPKD, may help guard against cystogenesis. Previously developed mouse models of $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ demonstrated an embryonic lethal phenotype and massive cyst formation in the kidney, indicating that $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ probably play important roles during normal renal tubular development. However, their precise role in development and the cellular mechanisms of cyst formation induced by $PKD1$ and $PKD2$ mutations are not fully understood. To address this question, we presently created $Pkd2$ knockout and $PKD2$ transgenic mouse embryo fibroblasts. We used a mouse oligonucleotide microarray to identify messenger RNAs whose expression was altered by the overexpression of the $PKD2$ or knockout of the $Pkd2$. The majority of identified mutations was involved in critical biological processes, such as metabolism, transcription, cell adhesion, cell cycle, and signal transduction. Herein, we confirmed differential expressions of several genes including aquaporin-1, according to different $PKD2$ expression levels in ADPKD mouse models, through microarray analysis. These data may be helpful in $PKD2$-related mechanisms of ADPKD pathogenesis.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 1995

We reviewed 45 cases of ovarian tumors treated at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1983 to 1993. Forty-five patients were operated upon for 52 ovarian tumors. The most common pathologic diagnosis was mature teratoma. The next were functional cyst, the tumors of epithelial cell origin, and those of stromal origin in order of frequency. Six patients(13%) had malignant tumor. There were one malignant teratoma, two dysgerminomas, one endodermal sinus tumor, and two granulosa cell tumors. Four cases were diagnosed as torsion of ovarian cyst preoperatively, and emergency exploratory laparotomy were performed. There were three cases of ovarian tumors associated with precocious puberty. The most widely used diagnostic tool was ultrasonography. In the treatment of these 45 patients, unilateral oophorectomy was done in 38 cases, unilateral oophorectomy with wedge resection of contralateral ovary was done in 5 cases, unilateral oophorectomy with contralateral simple cystectomy was done in one case and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy was done in one case. Of the six cases of malignancy, five patients are alive 2 to 6 years after operation and one case was lost to be followed up.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.304-312
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• 1991

The distribution of dinoflagellate cysts have been investigated at 6 stations in Masan Bay, a well known area of red tide in the southern coastal waters of Korea, from May 1986 to March 1987. During the study, a total of 11 species in dinoflagellate cysts were isolated from surface sediments, representing 6 genera, 9 species and 2 unidentified species. The standing crops of dinoflagellate cyst varied extensively by month and station; ranging from 48 to 1,279 cells/cm$^3$ and showing major peaks in July. August and February. At stations, the distribution was most abundant at st. 4 (mouth of the bay), whereas it was very low at st. 1 (inner bay), where motile cell's blooms occur throughout the year. Thus, It is speculated that the distribution between the plankton and cyst populations of dinoflagellates show the different temporal and spatial patterns in a semi-closed bay like this survey area.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2014

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder that affects multiple organ systems and causes tumors. It is important that physicians are aware of the manifestations of TSC, and that they follow the recommendations for screening and evaluation. Several types of renal abnormalities may develop in individuals with TSC. Individuals with TSC may require ongoing treatment that can be adapted for each arising manifestation of renal disease. Herein, we report 4 patients with TSC who presented with a range of different renal manifestations, including angiomyolipoma, renal cell carcinoma, renal infarction, renal cyst, and nephrolithiasis.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 1991

This study was performed to elucidate the distribution and correlation of immunoglobulin G subclasses with the degree of inflammation in the experimentally induced rat pulp and periapical pathoses. The pulp exposures were made in 108 mandibular 1st molars of 54 rats and the teeth were left open to the oral environment The animals were sacrified at 3, 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days after pulp exposure, and examined microscopically and radiographically Seventy one specimens were routinely sectioned at the thickness of 4 - $6{\mu}$ and stained with Hematoxylin - eosin for histologic examination, with toluidine blue for mast cells, and with the primary antibodies against rat IgG subclasses by using the Avidin - Biotin complex method. The following results were obtained: 1. As the degree of inflammation of rat pulp and periapeces intensified, the number of IgG subclass containing cells per unit area, especially IgG2a and IgG2c, decresased. 2. The IgG2c cells were most predominantly found in the lesions with slight inflammation, IgG1 cells in mild or severe inflammation, and IgG2a cells in moderate inflammation. 3. IgG subclass containg cells were more predominantly observed in the periapical granuloma than periapical abscess or cyst(p<0.01). 4. IgG2a containing cells were predominant in pulp inflammation, IgG1 containing cells in periapical granuloma, IgG2a cells and IgG1 cells in periapical abscess, and IgG2a cells were significantly predominant in periapical cyst. 5. The number of IgG subclass containing cells and mast cells in periapical tissue decreased with time lapse after pulp exposure. And correlation index between mast cells and IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b was stastically high.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.284-287
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• 2016

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome, is characterized by various embryological deformities and carcinoma formation. It is caused by PTCHI gene mutations and is autosomal dominantly inherited. Some of the main symptoms of NBCCS are multiple basal cell carcinomas, multiple keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) of the mandible, hyperkeratosis of the palmar and plantar, skeletal deformity, calcification of the falx cerebri, and facial defomity. Recurrent KCOT is the main symptom of NBCCS and is present in approximately 90% of patients. In NBCCS, KCOTs typically occur in multiples. KCOTs can be detected in patients under the age of 10, and new and recurring cysts develop until approximately the age of 30. The postoperation recurrence rate is approximately 60%. This case report presents a 14-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of a cyst found in the maxilla and mandible. The patient was diagnosed with NBCCS, and following treatment of marsupialization and enucleation, the clinical results were satisfactory.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1333-1341
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• 2009

Haematococcus pluvial is, a green alga, accumulates astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-$\beta$,$\beta$'-carotene-4,4'-dione) upto 2-3% on a dry weight basis. In the present study, identification of carotenoids from Haematococcus cyst cell extract by HPLC and LC-MS (APCI) and their antioxidant properties were evaluated in in vitro model systems. The extract exhibited 89% and 78% antioxidant activities in the $\beta$-carotene linoleate model and the hydroxyl radical scavenging model, at 9 ppm of total carotenoid, respectively. The extract also showed 80%, 85%, and 79% antioxidant activities against lipid peroxidation in the kidney, brain, and liver of rats. Low-density lipoprotein oxidation induced by $Cu^{2+}$ ions was also protected (45%, 64%, and 75%) by the extract in a dose-dependent manner with different carotenoid levels. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration in the blood, liver, and kidney of rats were also significantly (p<0.005) decreased in H. pluvialis-treated rats. The potent antioxidant activity is attributable to various carotenoids present in the extract.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.37-41
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• 2022

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) accounts for 3-11% of all odontogenic cysts. OKC is a benign intra-osseous odontogenic tumor, but what makes this cyst special is its aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. OKC is relatively aggressive compared to other odontogenic cysts, but its malignant transformation is considered extremely rare. Squamous cell carcinoma associated with odontogenic keratocysts have rarely been reported in the medical literature. We recently experienced a case of a 63-year-old man finally confirmed with squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible, which was initially diagnosed as a benign odontogenic keratocyst. Surgical resection was performed as definitive treatment. Therefore, we present this unique case with a review of the literature.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2011

Dendritic cells have been known as a member of strong innate immune cells against infectious organelles. In this study, we evaluated the cytokine expression of splenic dendritic cells in chronic mouse toxoplasmosis by tissue cyst-forming Me49 strain and demonstrated the distribution of lymphoid dendritic cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10 increased rapidly at week 1 post-infection (PI) and peaked at week 3 PI. Serum IL-10 level followed the similar patterns. FACS analysis showed that the number of $CD8{\alpha}^+/CD11c^+$ splenic dendritic cells increased at week 1 and peaked at week 3 PI. In conclusion, mouse splenic dendritic cells showed early and rapid cytokine changes and may have important protective roles in early phases of murine toxoplasmosis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1994

This experiment was arried out to investigate the development of ea4y rabbit embryos in vivo. Twenty-six New Zealand White does were superovulated by treatment with PMSG(Intervet Co; I. M single injection, 150. U./rabbit) followed 3 day later by simultaneous I.V injection of 100 I.U HCG (Intervet Co, )and natural service with fertile male. All of does was killed at the specific times (24, 27, 30, 36, 42, 50 and 93 h post-hCG) to find out the early embryonic development in vivo respectively. Embryos at the specified stages of development were obtained at the following times after injection of hCG; one-ceH at 24 h, two-cell at 24~27h, four-cell at 27~36 h, morulae at 50 h and early blasto-cyst at 93 h and expanded or hatching blastocyst at 144 h. Number of embryos recovered per rabbit superovulated was 26.1 and average of recovery rate was 83.7%. The results suggest that superovulation was efficient for the increase of embryo number in rabbits, and as shown in results, asynchronous cleavage was prevalent among the recovered embryos.