• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.321-328
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• 2017

As the cyber threats become more sophisticated and intelligent, the cases of cyber-infringement accidents are rapidly increasing. As a result, awareness of the importance of cyber security professionals has led to many cyber security-related educational programs. These programs provided with education curriculum aimed because cyber security workforce and job-based cyber security education research are not properly done. In this study, we developed a new cyber security education curriculum that defines and reflects cyber security personnel and knowledge system. In this study is not composed solely of the education contents related to the defenses emphasized in the existing education curriculum, but developed education curriculum to train a professional and balanced cyber security manpower by adding education contents in the attack field.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

This study aims to present the necessary elements that should be part of South Korea's National Defense Strategy against the recent North Korean cyber-attacks. The elements proposed in this study also reflect the recent trend of cyber-attack incidents that are happening in the Unites States and other countries and have been classified into the three levels of cyber incidents: cyberwarfare, cyberterrorism and cybercrime. As such, the elements proposed are presented in accordance with this classification system. In order to properly take into account the recent trend of cyber-attacks perpetrated by North Korea, this paper analyzed the characteristics of recent North Korean cyber-attacks as well as the countermeasures and responses of South Korea. Moreover, by making use of case studies of cyber-attack incidents by foreign nations that threaten national security, the response measures at a national level can be deduced and applied as in this study. Thus, the authors of this study hope that the newly proposed elements here within will help to strengthen the level of Korea's cyber security against foreign attacks, specifically that of North Korea such as the KHNP hacking incidents and so on. It is hoped that further damage such as leakage of confidential information, invasion of privacy and physical intimidation can be mitigated.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.179-197
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• 2007

This paper analyzed the effects of interactions among participants on the satisfaction and commitment of cyber education. Even if the quality of interactions in cyber education may not be so good as that of interactions in face to face education. various kinds of interactions could be introduced in cyber education. An email or Q/A between lecturer and students could be a good way to compensate the deficiency of cyber education. Common News Boards or Discussion Rooms among students themselves are also a powerful means to learn each other in cyber space. The result of this study shows that as interactions among participants increase. satisfaction and commitment of the lecture also increase. This study also analyzed how cyber educational effects differs as interaction type changes in space dimension and time dimension. The result shows interactions in the same cyber space such as News Board brings more desirable outcome than those in the different cyber space. But the effects of interactions classified by time dimension does not show statistically significant differences.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.3319-3326
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• 2021

As a form of industrial control systems (ICS), nuclear instrumentation and control (I&C) systems have been digitalized increasingly. This has raised in turn cyber security concerns. Cyber security for ICS is important because cyber-attacks against ICS can cause not only equipment damage and loss of production but also personal and public safety hazards unlike in general IT environments. Numerous risk analyses have been carried out to enhance the safety of ICS and recently, many studies related to the cyber security of ICS are being conducted. Many existing risk analyses and cyber security studies have considered safety and cyber security separately. However, both safety and cyber security perspectives should be considered when analyzing risks for complex and critical ICS facilities such as nuclear power plants (NPPs). In this paper, the STPA-SafeSec methodology is selected to consider both safety and security perspectives when performing a risk analysis for NPPs in order to assess impacts on the safety by cyber-attacks against the digital I&C systems. The STPA-SafeSec methodology was applied to a test-bed system that simulates a condensate water (CD) system in an NPP. The process of the application up to the development of mitigation strategies is described in detail.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.167-187
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• 2020

College students experience more cyber bullying than youth and cyber bullying on college students may be more harmful than youth. But many studies of cyber bullying have been conducted in youth, but little has been studied for college students. Therefore, this study investigated the negative effects of college students' cyber bullying experience on cognitive processing ability and emotional states. The social support of friends has a buffering effect that prevents stress and reduces the influence on external damage in stressful situations. But the impact of parental social support is controversial. Traditionally, the social support of parents has been claimed to mitigate the negative effects of external damage. Recently, however, it has been argued that parental social support, without considering the independence and autonomy needs of college students, does not alleviate the negative effects. Therefore, this study examined how the social support of friends and parents moderate the negative impact of cyber bullying. The results show that the more college students experience cyber bullying, the lower their cognitive processing ability and emotional states. And, the higher the social support of friends, the lower the harmful impacts of cyber bullying on cognitive processing ability and emotional states. But, the higher the social support of parents, the higher the harmful impacts of cyber bullying on cognitive processing ability and emotional states.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.1472-1479
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• 2024

Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPESs) integrate cyber and hardware components to ensure a reliable and safe physical power production and supply. Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) add uncertainty to energy demand that can be dealt with flexible operation (e.g., load-following) of CPES; at the same time, scenarios that could result in severe consequences due to both component stochastic failures and aging of the cyber system of CPES (commonly overlooked) must be accounted for Operation & Maintenance (O&M) planning. In this paper, we make use of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to search for the optimal O&M strategy that, not only considers the actual system hardware components health conditions and their Remaining Useful Life (RUL), but also the possible accident scenarios caused by the failures and the aging of the hardware and the cyber components, respectively. The novelty of the work lies in embedding the cyber aging model into the CPES model of production planning and failure process; this model is used to help the RL agent, trained with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) and Imitation Learning (IL), finding the proper rejuvenation timing for the cyber system accounting for the uncertainty of the cyber system aging process. An application is provided, with regards to the Advanced Lead-cooled Fast Reactor European Demonstrator (ALFRED).

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.26-27
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.2199-2205
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• 2017

The development of modern ICT technology constitutes cyber world by using infrastructure in country and society. There is no border in cyber world. Countries around the world are carrying out cyber attacks for their own benefit. A cyber killer strategy is needed to defend cyber attacks. In order to defend the cyber attack or to determine the responsibility of attack, it is important to grasp the attacker origin point. Strategic cyber kill chains are needed to strike against the attacker origin. In this paper, we study the analysis of attacker origin. And analyze the cyber kill chain for attacker origin point strike. Study the efficient and customized cyber kill chain strategy for attacking the origin point. The cyber kill chain strategy will be a practical strategy to replace the power of nuclear and missiles with asymmetric power.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.306-309
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• 2017

The development of modern ICT technology constitutes cyber world by using infrastructure in country and society. There is no border in cyber world. Countries around the world are carrying out cyber attacks for their own benefit. A cyber killer strategy is needed to defend cyber attacks. In order to defend the cyber attack or to determine the responsibility of attack, it is important to grasp the attacker origin point. Strategic cyber kill chains are needed to strike against the attacker origin. In this paper, we study the analysis of attacker origin. And analyze the cyber kill chain for attacker origin point strike. Study the efficient and customized cyber kill chain strategy for attacking the origin point. The cyber kill chain strategy will be a practical strategy to replace the power of nuclear and missiles with asymmetric power.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.31-37
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a system architecture and methodology based on cyber kill chain and MITRE ATT&CK for experiment analysis on cyber warfare simulation. Threat analysis is possible by applying various attacks that have actually occurred with continuous updates to reflect newly emerging attacks. In terms of cyber attack and defense, the current system(AS-IS) and the new system(TO-BE) are analyzed for effectiveness and quantitative results are presented. It can be used to establish proactive cyber COA(Course of Action) strategy, and also for strategic decision making. Through a case study, we presented the usability of the system architecture and methodology proposed in this paper. The proposed method will contribute to strengthening cyber warfare capabilities by increasing the level of technology for cyber warfare experiments.