• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and its association with psychosocial factors including self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and social support in a sample of medical students. Methods : A total of 405 medical students were included in this study. Subjects were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire, measures of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Ego-Resiliency Scale (ERS), and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSS). The SAD and non-SAD group were defined using the SPIN score of 25 as a cut-off. The multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the association of self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and social support with SAD symptoms. Results : A total of 79 subjects (19.5%) were identified with SAD. The total RSES score, ERS score, and DUFSS score were significantly lower in the SAD group than the non-SAD group. The total SPIN score negatively correlated with the total RSES score (r=-0.481, p<0.001), the ERS score (r=-0.417, p<0.001), and the DUFSS score (r=-0.406, p<0.001). In the multiple regression, SAD symptoms were associated with self-esteem (β=-0.549, p<0.001), ego-resiliency (β=-0.395, p<0.001), and social support (β=-0.346, p<0.001). Conclusion : This study revealed the prevalence of SAD and its negative association with self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and social support among medical students. Our findings indicate that improving self-esteem and ego-resiliency as well as perceived social support may contribute to the management of SAD symptoms among medical students.

• 한국심리학회지ㆍ일반
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.81-107
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• 2017

베일리영유아발달검사 제3판(Bayley-III)의 미국 규준이 영유아의 발달수행을 과대추정하고 발달지연율을 과소추정 한다는 논란이 있어서, 본 연구는 발달지연의 고위험군인 미숙아를 대상으로 미국 규준 적용시 Bayley-III의 임상적 유용성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구는 생후 1개월부터 24개월(교정원령)의 미숙아(재태기간 37주 미만)와 만삭아 93명을 대상으로 Bayley-III와 한국형베일리영유아발달검사 2판(K-BSID-II)을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미숙아/만삭아 각 93명을 대상으로 혼합설계 분산분석을 실시한 결과 재태기간(경증미숙아, 중증미숙아, 극중증미숙아, 만삭아)에 따른 Bayley-III의 발달지수 및 척도점수 간에 유의미한 차이가 있었다. 특히 경증미숙아 집단 내에서는 발달영역(인지, 언어, 운동)에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타냈다. 둘째, Bayley-III와 K-BSID-II을 모두 실시한 미숙아(n=79)를 대상으로 환산점수 평균 간의 차이를 살펴본 결과, Bayley-III의 발달지수는 K-BSID-II의 발달지수에 비해 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며 발달지연률은 크게 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 ROC 분석을 통해 발달지연 변별에 대한 Bayley-III의 민감도와 특이도를 분석하고 Bayley-III의 임상적 절단점을 탐색한 결과, Bayley-III의 하위 척도 모두 우수한 수준의 변별정확도를 나타냈으나, 미국 규준 적용시 절단점은 더 높게 나타났다. 본 연구는 미국 규준을 사용하여 Bayley-III를 임상 현장에 적용할 때 점수 해석의 주의를 알리는 실증적인 자료로서, 한국 규준 마련시 표집 문제와 관련된 논의를 제공하였다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2016

Purpose: The incidence of glufosinate poisoning is gradually increasing, and it can be fatal if severe poisoning occurs. However, factors useful for predicting the post-discharge neurological prognosis of patients who have ingested glufosinate have yet to be identified. Our objective was to evaluate the utility of the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score measured in the emergency department for predicting the neurological prognosis. Methods: From April 2012 to August 2014, we conducted a retrospective study of patients who had ingested glufosinate. The outcome of the patients at discharge was defined by the Cerebral Performance Category Score (CPC). The patients were divided into a good prognosis group (CPC 1, 2) and a poor prognosis group (CPC 3, 4, 5), after which the APACHE II scores were compared. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve from patients determined calibration and discrimination. Results: A total of 76 patients were enrolled (good prognosis group: 67 vs poor prognosis group: 9). The cut-off value for the APACHE II score was 12 and the area under the curve value was 0.891. The Hosmer and Lemeshow C statistic x2 was 7.414 (p=0.387), indicating good calibration for APACHE II. Conclusion: The APACHE II score is useful at predicting the neurological prognosis of patients who have ingested glufosinate.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this methodological study was to examine the reliability and validity of a translated Korean version of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) developed for assessment of pain in critically ill nonverbal patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 critically ill patients admitted to a university hospital. Upon establishment of content and translation equivalence between the English and Korean version of CPOT, psychometric properties were evaluated. Results: The interrater reliability was found to be acceptable with the weighted kappa coefficients of .81-.88. Significant high correlations between the CPOT and the Checklist of Nonverbal Pain Indicators were found indicating good concurrent validity (r=.72-.83, p<.001). Data showed the area under the ROC curve of 0.86 with a cut-off point of 1, which resulted in 76.9% sensitivity and 88.6% specificity. The mean score of CPOT during suctioning was significantly different from that of before (t= -14.16, p<.001) or 20 minutes after suctioning (t=16.31, p<.001). Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that the CPOT can be used as a reliable and valid measure to assess pain in critically ill nonverbal patients.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.482-487
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• 2012

To identify the novel inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death, we performed a high throughput assay with a chemical library containing a total of 3,280 bioactive small molecules. Cyclosporine A and bromocriptine were identified as potent inhibitors of thapsigargiin-induced cell death (cut-off at $4{\sigma}$ standard score). However, U74389G, the potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation had lower activity in inhibiting cell death. The inhibition effect of cyclosporine A and bromocriptine was specific for only thapsigargin-induced cell death. The mechanism of inhibition by these compounds was identified as modification of the expression of glucose regulated protein-78 (GRP-78/Bip) and inhibition of phosphorylation of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, these compounds did not inhibit the same events triggered by tunicamycin, which was in agreement with the cell survival data. We suggest that the induction of protective unfolded protein response by these compounds confers resistance to cell death. In summary, we identified compounds that may provide insights on cell death mechanisms stimulated by ER stress.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2016

Objectives: The major objective of this study was to analyze stress response after a change to consecutive day shifts from day and night shifts in a motor assembly factory. Methods: Using a survey conducted by a labor union, we collected data on stress response index(SRI), lifestyle factors, work-family conflict and job stress before and after a shift system change. We analyzed the transition on the SRI among 222 workers. The cut-off point for the SRI was a T-score over 60. Results: The high risk stress response group was 20.3% of the population before the shift system change. After the shift system change it decreased to 11.3%. After the shift system change, social support improved, leisure time became more sufficient, work-family conflict declined, and sleep quality in the night shift week improved. In multivariable linear regression, among workers under 40 years old sleep quality on night shift, leisure time sufficiency, social support and work-family conflict contributed to the improvement of stress response. Among workers over 40, work-family conflict contributed to the improvement of stress response. Conclusions: The change to consecutive day shifts improved stress response and mediated with improved nighttime sleep, decreased work-family conflict, increased leisure time and improved work-family conflict.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2000

The objectives of this study were to determine whether older Americans would provide valid energy intake information using a 24-hr recall method and to determine which characteristics were predictive of under-report of energy intake. We conducted 24-hour recalls on 83 male and 105 female community-dwelling older adults(66-87y) in the USA to assess energy(EI) and nutrient intakes. Basal metabolic rate(BMR) was calculated from age-and gender-specific equations of Schofield. Under-reporting was defined a priori as EI : BMR<0.9. Subjects volunteered demographic information, underwent depression and cognition exams, and completed a Level II Nutrition Risk Screen. Differences between under- and adequate-reporters were assessed using t-tests for characteristics and macro-nutrient profile. Stepwise regression analyses were used to predict under-reporting status. Under-reporting of EI occurred in 34% of the sample. Neither geriatric depression scale(GDS) score, nor self-reported weight loss were related to under-reporting. On average, under-reporters had higher body mass indices. The most significant variables for the main effect to predict the ratio of energy intake to estimated basal metabolic rate(EI : BMRest) were BMI and age. Using a standard cut-off of 76% of the recommended dietary allowances for Americans, under-reporters were consistently more likely to be classified as having inadequate nutrient, as well as energy, intakes. (J Community 2(2) 135∼140, 2000)

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to investigate depression prevalence and related factors of depression in Jeju Province. Methods: The study sample selected using randomized cluster sampling method, and the unit of cluster was 25 households. Data were collected from 1275 adults in 723 households through home visit interview. The response rate was 89.4%. The instrument used for measuring depression was CES-D, the cut-off score was 21. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of depression in Jeju was 18.1%. The significant differences were found with depression prevalence rate by the group of gender, age, inhabited area, marital status, educational status, monthly household income, life satisfaction, socioeconomic status, perceived health status, morbidity during last 2 weeks, perceived stress, perceived fatigue, participation in social activities, and family life satisfaction. The most predictive factors among those variables were perceived fatigue with 17.93 of odds ratio, family life satisfaction with 9.86 odds ratio, and perceived stress with 9.66 of odds ratio. Conclusion: The prevention and management of depression program development was suggested and mental health promotion program for the prevention of depression was suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2023

Objectives: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and its associated societal responses are anticipated to have wide-ranging effects on youth development and mental health. Depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are the three most common mental health problems among university students. Many factors that can threaten mental health during the outbreak affect these three conditions, as well as sleep conditions, in undergraduate students. Thus, determining how these abrupt changes in students' circumstances impact their mental health is very important from a public health perspective. Methods: We investigated the usual conditions and changes in ADHD symptoms during the outbreak, in relation to depressive and sleep-related symptoms among undergraduate students. A total of 252 students, primarily juniors, completed the online survey. Results: The results showed that 12% of the students exceeded the cut-off score of the ADHD questionnaire before the pandemic. Approximately 6%-21% of the university students, especially those with ADHD traits, rated their ADHD behaviors as worse during the outbreak than that before the outbreak. Conclusion: Female students and undergraduates with ADHD traits are more susceptible to experiencing further deterioration of ADHD (inattention) symptoms during the pandemic. In cases where it is difficult to intervene with ADHD symptoms, approaching circadian rhythm or depression will be of considerable clinical use.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.343-346
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• 2012

Two methods of identifying smokers with high nicotine dependence, the heaviness of smoking index (HSI) and number of cigarettes per day (CPD) were compared with the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND). The HSI, CPD and the FTND were administered to 316 adult Malaysian male, daily smokers aged between 25-64 years old in the Malaysian NCD Surveillance-1 Survey using a two-stage stratified random sampling of enumeration blocks and living quarters, via an interview based on a validated questionnaire. The cut-off point for classification of high nicotine dependence on the HSI was a score of four or higher, and for the heavy smoking category, smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day. Classification using each method was compared with classification by the FTND (score of six or more) as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa statistics for concordance between both measures and the FTND were evaluated. The HSI gave a similar prevalence rate of high nicotine dependence as the FTND. There was substantial agreement between the HSI and the FTND (kappa=0.63.), with moderate sensitivity (69.8%) and high specificity (92.5%). However, prevalence of high nicotine dependence using the CPD was 7% lower than the FTND. The heavy smoking category also showed fair agreement with the FTND (kappa=0.45) and moderate sensitivity (67.0%), but specificity was high (86.9%). The findings indicate that the HSI can be used as an alternative to the FTND in screening for high nicotine dependence among daily smokers in large population-based studies, while CPD may not be a suitable alternative to the FTND.