• Title/Summary/Keyword: cut grass

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WATER TURNOVER OF GROWING CATTLE FED FRESH CUT GRASS OR HAY AND GRAZED ON PASTURE

  • Sekine, J.;Morita, Z.;Asahida, Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.1 no.3
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    • pp.163-166
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    • 1988
  • Water turnover and consumption of steers fed either fresh cut grass or hay and water turnover of steers grazed in summer or in fall were determined using 18 Holstein steers weighing 226 to 382 kg. Steers consumed 7.0 or 7.5 kg of dry-matter from hay or fresh cut grass. Animals fed hay drank significantly more water than those given fresh cut grass (P<0.01). Total water consumption, however, was greater in steers fed fresh cut grass than those given hay (P<0.05). Water turnover was about the same as total water consumption with a tendency for slightly higher values in water turnover irrespective of feeding regimes. Steers grazed in summer had greater water turnover than those grazed in fall. Water turnover was about the same in steers fed fresh cut grass and grazed in summer but decreased in steers on the dry ration or grazing in a cool season of the year.

Analysis Growth Characteristics of the Introduced Species Revegetated on the Highway Cut-slopes (고속도로 비탈면 녹화용 도입초종의 생육특성 분석)

  • 우보명;오구균;김봉년;조영채;전기성
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.12-20
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    • 1998
  • This study was carried out from June 1996 to November 1997 to analyze the growth characteristics of the introduced species revegetated on highway cut-slopes. The number of revegetation measures type surveyed were fourteen such as seed-spraying measures, block-sod pitching measures, and hydro-seeding measures with seed-fertilizer-soil materials. The introduced species for revegetation measures were mostly Festuca arundinancea(cool season grass), Eragrostic curvula(warm season grass), Lolium perenne(cool season grass), Dactylis glomerata(cool season grass), Poa pratensia(cool season grass). The species diversity index of the upper part on highway cut-slopes were greater than that of the middle part and lower part. The growth of introduced species was good on north-facing cut-slope than the others and that was flourish in temperate north forest zone. Also, the introduced species seemed to decrease or disappear, while the ratio of native woody and herb species which were in mature stage seemed to increase.

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The Effect of Supplementation of Jackfruit Leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and Mashkalai (Vigna mungo) Bran to Common Grass on the Performance of Goats

  • Islam, M.;Chowdhury, S.A.;Alam., Chowdhury
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.206-209
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    • 1997
  • The effect of supplementation of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterrophyllus) tree leaves and mashkalai (Vigna mungo) barn on the intake and digestibility of freshly cut common grass by Black Bengal goats was evaluated. Twelve castrated goats of approximately 5-6 months age were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: freshly cut common grass ad libitum, common grass+100g Jackfruit tree leaves and common grass+100g mashkalai bran. Although digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen and neutral detergent fibre were very similar in the grass alone and mashkalai bran supplemented goats but the values were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than those observed in the Jackfruit leaves supplemented goats. Supplementation of mashkalai bran promoted higher (p < 0.05) digestible nutrients intake with the consequent higher daily live weight gain (75 g) than those fed grass alone (31 g). It could be concluded that mashkalai bran could be a suitable supplement for goats consuming common grass in the tropics and subtropics.

Intake, Digestibility In vivo, N Utilization and In sacco Dry Matter Degradability of Grass Silage Harvested at Three Stages of Maturity

  • Vranic, Marina;Knezevic, Mladen;Perculija, Goran;Bosnjak, Kresimir;Leto, Josip
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2009
  • The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of grass maturity at harvest on the nutritive value of grass silage (GS) in relation to voluntary intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) utilization and in sacco dry matter (DM) degradability. Silage was cut from a sward dominated by orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) at the late-vegetative (early-cut), internode elongation (mediumcut) and flowering (late-cut) stages of growth. The DM yield at harvest was the lowest for early-cut silage (5.4 t/ha) and increased to 6.5 and 7.0 t/ha for the medium and late-cut silage respectively. As the crop matured, the crude protein (CP) concentration decreased significantly (p<0.05) and there was a marked increase in acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentration (p<0.001). The three different silages were offered to four 18-month old Charolais wether sheep to measure the voluntary intake, in vivo digestibility and N retention over four 21-day periods in an incomplete changeover design. Silage degradability characteristics were determined using four fistulated sheep to measure DM degradability over 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. There was a linear decrease in the voluntary intake of silage fresh matter, DM, organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF and CP, and digestibility of OM in DM (Dvalue) ($P_L<0.01$) as harvesting of grass was delayed. Nitrogen intake, N output in urine, N output in faeces and N balance also linearly decreased ($P_L<0.01$) with postponed harvesting of grass for silage. DM degradability and effective degradability (ED) significantly decreased with increasing maturity of grass at harvest. The results suggest that harvesting date has a significant influence on the nutritive value of GS in terms of intake, digestibility, N balance and in sacco degradability in the rumen. It was concluded that early harvest GS ensured higher intake, digestibility, N intake and DM degradability in comparison with the medium and the late cut GS as a result of improved rumen N efficiency and utilization probably due to a better balance of available energy and protein.

Methane Emissions from Dry Cows Fed Grass or Legume Silage

  • Kasuya, Hirotaka;Takahashi, Junichi
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.563-566
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    • 2010
  • Using an open-circuit system, we compared the methane ($CH_4$) emission from dry cows fed first-cut Timothy silage ($1^{st}$ TY), second-cut Timothy silage ($2^{nd}$ TY), second-cut Italian ryegrass silage ($2^{nd}$ IR), third-cut Italian ryegrass silage ($3^{rd}$ IR), or second-cut red clover silage ($2^{nd}$ RC) as the sole feed. The methane emission ranged from 258.2 L $day^{-1}$ to 396.5 L $day^{-1}$. The methane emission from dry cows fed red clover silage was relatively lower than that from dry cows fed grass silage. However, the methane emission per unit digestible neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (dNDFI) did not differ significantly between the experimental silages. The methane emission was significantly correlated with the NDF intake and digestibility. Methane emission had a significant correlation with the quadratic function of dNDFI. The differences in the daily volume of methane emission from cows fed different forages can be explained by dNDFI.

The Intake and Palatability of Four Different Types of Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum) Silage Fed to Sheep

  • Manyawu, G.J.;Sibanda, S.;Chakoma, I.C.;Mutisi, C.;Ndiweni, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.823-829
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    • 2003
  • Four different types of silage from new cultivars of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), cv. NG 1 and NG 2, were fed to eight wethers in order to evaluate their preference and intake by sheep. The silages were prepared from direct-cut NG 1 herbage; pre-wilted NG 1 herbage; NG 1 herbage with maize meal (5% inclusion) and NG 2 herbage with maize meal (5% inclusion). All silages were palatable to sheep. Maize-treated silage had high quality fermentation, characterized by high Fleig scores and low pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammoniacal nitrogen contents. The pH, Fleig score, in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOMD) and ammoniacal-N contents for maize-treated cv. NG 1 silage were 3.7, 78, $540g\;kg^{-1}$ dry matter (DM ) and $0.18g\;kg^{-1}$ DM whereas, in maize-treated cv. NG 2 they were 3.6, 59, $^458g\;kg{-1}$ DM and $0.18g\;kg^-1$ DM, respectively. The superior quality of maize-treated silages made them more preferable to sheep. Among the maize-fortified silages, palatability and intake were significantly (p<0.001) greater with cv. NG 1. Although direct-cut silage had better fermentation quality compared to wilted silage, wilted silage was significantly (p<0.001) more preferable to sheep. However, there were no significant differences (p<0.05) in the levels of preference and intake of wilted silage compared to maize-treated cv. NG 2 silage, even though the latter tended to be more palatable. There were indications that high pH (4.6 vs 3.5) and IVDOMD content (476 vs $457g\;kg^{-1}%$ DM) of wilted silage contributed to higher intake, compared to direct-cut silage. It was generally concluded that pre-wilting and treatment of Napier grass with maize meal at ensiling enhances intake and palatability.

Feed Value of Pearl Millet [Pennisetum americanum(L.) Leeke] Grown as a New Forage Crop (진주조의 사료적 가치)

  • Park, Keun-Yong;Choi, Byung-Han;Kang, Young-Kil;Moon, Hyeon-Gui;Park, Rae-Kyeong
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 1988
  • Pearl millet has been detected as a promising new forage crop of excellent quality and productivity since 1985. Its green fodder yields were 10.7 to 12.8 tons per hectare in average of 26 accessions in Suwon, 1985. The yield level was much higher than those of Italian and pro so millets and com. Com was better than Italian and proso millets, and proso millet was better than Italian millet for a green fodder crop. Suwon 1 pearl millet hybrid was the best of the 13 hybrids examined in Suwon, 1986 being 149 tons per hectare of three times cut green fodder yields. The pearl millet hybrid was higher in green fodder yield than com and sorghum/sudan grass hybrids. Leaf area index was 32.4 for the three times cut pearl millet, while 5.8 for the one time cut corn, and 20.8 for the three times cut sorghum/sudan grass. Crude protein content was 16.3 percent for pearl millet being six to five percent higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass, 11.8 percent for the one time cut at maturity and 16.1 percent for four times cut being higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fat content was 3. percent for pear 1 millet grain being some what higher than corn and sorghum/sudan grass and 1.3-1.4 percent for green fodder crop. Crude fiber content in grain was 1.9 percent for pearl millet 2.6 percent for corn, and 4.3 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Crude fiber content in pearl millet plant was 24.4 to 26.8 percent, Crude ash content was 2.4 percent in grain and 10.8 to 11.6 percent in the plants of pearl millet hybrid. In vitro digestibility of grain was 93.7 percent for pearl millet, 95.4 percent for corn, and 55.8 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. The digestibility of whole plant was 57.6 to 63.4 percent for pearl millet, 46.3 percent for corn, and 47.3 to 57.6 percent for sorghum/sudan grass. Heavier nitrogen fertilizer applications increased green fodder yields, protein content and digestibility, but reduced fat and ash content of pearl millet inbred line T 186.

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Effects of Intake on Digestibilty of Grass Hay Harvested at Different Cutting Dates (예취시기를 달리한 건초의 섭취량이 소화율에 미치는 영향)

  • 성경일;김창주;김동암
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.111-115
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    • 1985
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of maturity and intake on digestibility of grass hay harvested at different dates. Hay was prepared from first-growth forage which cutting dates were: 4 June (vegetative, called early-cut) 30 June (heading, called late-cut). The grass hay fed to wethers at restricted and ad libitum levels of intake. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. As delay in cutting date, contents of crude protein and crude fat decreased, while fibre and lignin increased. 2. On ad libitum feeding of early-cut and late-cut hay, the DM intake were $82g/W_{kg}^{0.75}\;and\;68g/W_{kg}^{0.75}$ respectively. 3. There was no significant difference in dry matter digestibility of early-cut hay between restricted and ad libitum feeding, but dry matter digestibility was decreased markedly in ad libitum feeding when leaves fecal condition out of account. Digestibility of crude protein, organic matter and fibre contained in early-cut hay were tended to decrease slightly in ad libitum when compared with restricted feeding, but were not significantly. 4. Digestibilities decreased significantly with increase of intake in late-cut except for crude protein (P<0.05 or P<0.01). 5. In the comparison of digestibility for all composition, early-cut hay was higher (P<0.01) than late-cut hay.

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Dry Matter Intake, Digestibility and Milk Yield by Friesian Cows Fed Two Napier Grass Varieties

  • Gwayumba, W.;Christensen, D.A.;McKinnon, J.J.;Yu, P.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.516-521
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    • 2002
  • The objective of this study was to compare two varieties of Napier grass (Bana Napier grass vs French Cameroon Napier grass) and to determine whether feed intake, digestibility, average daily gain (ADG) and milk yield of lactating Friesian cows from fresh cut Bana Napier grass was greater than from French Cameroon Napier grass, using a completely randomized design. Results show that Bana Napier grass had similar percent dry matter (DM), ash and gross energy (GE) to French Cameroon. Bana grass had higher percent crude protein (CP) and lower fiber fractions, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and lignin compared to French Cameroon. Overall the forage quality was marginally higher in Bana Napier grass compared to French Cameroon. The DM and NDF intake expressed as a percentage of body weight (BW) were similar in both Napier grass types. Both grasses had similar digestible DM and energy. Bana had higher digestible CP but lower digestible ADF and NDF than French Cameroon. Bana Napier was not different from French Cameroon when fed as a sole diet to lactating cows in terms of low DM intake, milk yield and a loss of BW and condition. To improve the efficient utilization of both Napier grass varieties, a supplement capable of supplying 1085-1227 g CP/d and 17.0-18.0 Mcal ME/d is required for cows to support moderate gains 0.22 kg/d and 15 kg 4% fat corrected milk/d.

Fertility Assessment of the Piggery Wastewater Trickling Filtrate for Orchard Grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and Soil

  • Yang, Jae E.;Kim, Jeong-Je;Shin, Young-Oh;Shin, Myung-Kyo;Park, Yong-Ha
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 1999
  • In search of a method to achieve sustainable agricultural practices, a trickling filter was employed for the piggery wastewater treatment, where rice straw was the support medium in place of more commonly used materials. The filtrate from the trickling filter were applied to a soil, on which orchard grass (Dactylic glomerata L.) was grown followed by amendment of the treated straw medium. Orchard grass was cut twice, and growth parameters and yields were measured. Soil chemical properties before and after harvesting orchard grass were analyzed. Development of the forage crop was greatly enhanced by the application of the filtrate in terms of fresh weight, dry weight, and the absorption of nutrients. Better growth and higher nutrient uptake were found in the second cutting of the orchard grass. Organic matter content, ionic intensity, exchangeable cations, and phosphate of the soil increased with the application of the filtrate. The relative high concentrations of salts in the piggery trickling filtrate, expressed in electrical conductivity and content of sodium, exerted no detrimental effect on the crop and soil.

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