• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to investigate changes m curve angle of Chinese cabbage blade during salting at various concentration(10, 15, 20, 25%) of salt to evaluated salting degree by curve angle during salting at 20$^{\circ}C$. Salt concentration of brine, the amount of water elution, salt penetration of the tissue(salt concentration of Chinese cabbage), weight loss and texture were investigated. Correlation relation between the above factors and curve angle were determined. The curve angles by method of holding the edge of the Chinese cabbage blade was measured. The curve angles of the mesophyll were proportional to salting time and salt concentration, but slope of line equation showed higher than that of mid-rib. The ideal method of salting evaluation by curve angle was MCA-MRC (the measuring curve angle of mid-rib C) at each concentration of salt. The results of curve angle when reached 3% salt of Chinese cabbage tissue calculated by MCA-MRC at 10, 15, 20 and 25% salting were 57$^{\circ}$, 43$^{\circ}$, 36$^{\circ}$, and 33$^{\circ}$, respectively. And salting times calculated by the same conditions were 19, 12.5, 9.1 and 4.4hours, respectively.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2015

Rifling Force can be described with projectile velocity, gas pressure and rifling angle, etc. Under the same conditions, the character of the rifling angle decisively influences the rifling force. To reduce the harmful effect, locally distinct maximum of rifling force has to be avoided. The optimal design methodology of rifling angle curve had been developed by combined Fourier series and polynomial function. When it was tried newly to design the rifling angle curve, this design trial caused not to produce the lower rifling force than the existing design. Normally, the curve of the rifling angle is designed first, then the rifling force is set according to the rifling angle curve. However during the cause analysis, new design methodology was established to design the ideal rifling force curve before the rifling angle design. With this new methodology, the above optimal design method was analyzed and its limitation was confirmed.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.487-504
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• 2015

For a smooth plane curve, the curvature can be characterized by the rate of change of the angle between the tangent vector and a fixed vector. In this article we prove that the curvature of a space curve can also be given by the rate of change of the locally defined angle between the tangent vector at a point and the nearby point. By using height functions, we introduce turning angle of a space curve and characterize the curvature by the rate of change of the turning angle. The main advantage of the turning angle is that it can be used to characterize the curvature of discrete curves. For this purpose, we introduce a discrete turning angle and a discrete curvature called visual curvature for space curves. We can show that the visual curvature is an approximation of curvature for smooth curves.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

The steady state of unsaturated soil takes a long time to achieve. The soil seepage behaviours and hydraulic properties depend highly on the wetting/drying rate. It is observed that the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is dependent on the wetting/drying rate, which is known as the dynamic effect. The dynamic effect apparently influences the scanning curves and will substantially affect the seepage behavior. However, the previous models commonly ignore the dynamic effect and cannot quantitatively describe the hysteresis scanning loops under dynamic conditions. In this study, a dynamic hysteresis model for SWCC is proposed considering the dynamic change of contact angle and the moving of the contact line. The drying contact angle under dynamic condition is smaller than that under static condition, while the wetting contact angle under dynamic condition is larger than that under static condition. The dynamic contact angle is expressed as a function of the saturation rate according to the Laplace equation. The model is given by a differential equation, in which the slope of the scanning curve is related to the slope of the boundary curve by means of contact angle. Empirical models can simulate the boundary curves. Given the two boundary curves, the scanning curve can be well predicted. In this model, only two parameters are introduced to describe the dynamic effect. They can be easily obtained from the experiment, which facilitates the calibration of the model. The proposed model is verified by the experimental data recorded in the literature and is proved to be more convenient and effective.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.290-295
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• 2017

Purpose: Airway pathology in children with atopic asthma can be reflected by the concave shape of the maximal expiratory flow-volume (MEFV) curve and high fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values. We evaluated the capacity of the curvilinearity of the MEFV curve, FeNO, and their combination to distinguish subjects with atopic asthma from healthy individuals. Methods: FeNO and angle ${\beta}$, which characterizes the general configuration of the MEFV curve, were determined in 119 steroid-naïve individuals with atopic asthma aged 8 to 16 years, and in 92 age-matched healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the cutoff points of FeNO and angle ${\beta}$ that provided the best combination of sensitivity and specificity for asthma detection. Results: Asthmatic patients had a significantly smaller angle ${\beta}$ and higher FeNO compared with healthy controls (both, P<0.001). For asthma detection, the best cutoff values of angle ${\beta}$ and FeNO were observed at $189.3^{\circ}$ and 22 parts per billion, respectively. The area under the ROC curve for the combination of angle ${\beta}$ and FeNO improved to 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87-0.95) from 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.86; P<0.001) for angle ${\beta}$ alone and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.82-0.91; P=0.002) for FeNO alone. In addition, the combination enhanced sensitivity with no significant decrease in specificity. Conclusion: These data suggest that the combined use of the curvilinearity of the MEFV curve and FeNO is a useful tool to differentiate between children with and without atopic asthma.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

Objectives: To invesgate correlation between the scoliotic curve and BMI, cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis and Ferguson angle in spinal scoliotic patient. Methods: The study was composed of 14 scoliosis patients beyond cobb'a angle $10^{\circ}$ (sample I group) and 15 scoliosis patients over cobb'a angle $10^{\circ}$ (sample II group). The patients were evaluated with X-ray findings of full spine AP and lateral views and statistically analyzed. Results: 1. Sample II group showed a significant decrease in BMI as compared with Sample I group(P<0.05). 2. Scoliotic curve had s negative relationship with $BMI({\gamma}=0.406)$ 3. Scolotic patients had a lower cervical angle than normal man. Conclusion: 1. The larger the scoliotic angle, the lower BMI 2. There are no concemed scoliotic curve and cervical lordosis, lumbar lordosis and Ferguson angle.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2007

Gamma curve is one of the most important optical performance characteristics of a liquid crystal display. we present investigations on the relationship between gamma and polarizer. The gamma curve is affected by the angle of the polarizer absorption axis. When the crossed angle between the two polarizers turns larger, gamma values will decrease. The gamma variation caused from each polarizer variation could be improved by monitoring and controlling the axial direction of the polarizers.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.78-86
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• 1996

Vision sensor was used to track the weld line of the compressor case. The compressor case was fixed in jig equipped with the rotating system, and two torches having one degree of freedom was applied in automatic welding system. The radius of rotation for the compressor case is varying with each rotating angle, while, the angle velocity is constant Therefore, an algorithm to extract the feature of the compressor case for varying rotation angle is needed. To over come the avove difficulties, the curve fitting and composite curve were used. The experiment to verify the proposed algorithm showed desirable results for tracking the welding line of compressor case.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.1513-1516
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of upper thoracic mobilization on cervical alignment in stroke patients with forward head posture. The subject's of this study were two stroke patients with forward head posture and a cervical curve angle (four-line Cobb's method; FLCM) less than $40^{\circ}$. The intervention, central posterior-anterior (PA) mobilization, was applied to the T1-T4 vertebrae (upper thoracic spine) following the Maitland concept. This mobilization was applied three times per week for four weeks. In the results, the cervical curve angle (FLCM) increased for both subject 1 and 2. However, Jochumsen method score was decreased in subject 1, while it was increased in subject 2. These results demonstrate that upper thoracic mobilization had the positive effect on the cervical curve angle but not on Jochumsen method score. These findings suggest that PA mobilization on the upper thoracic spine could correct cervical curve angle measured by FLMC in stroke patients with FHP.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.83-92
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• 2015

Objectives To measure and analyze the curvature of the cervical spine for university students. Methods This study carried out on 132 students. The cervical spine curvature was measured by six measuring methods. The type and numeric value of cervical spine curvature was analyzed by Angle of cervical curve (C1~C7), Angle of cervical curve (C2~C7), Jackson's angle, Ishihara Index, Depth of cervical curve and Method of Jochumsen. Cervical spine curvatures between male and female are compared by Mann-Whitney test. Rate of type of cervical curvature between male and female are compared by linear by linear association. Results 1. The average of angle of cervical curve (C1~C7) is $33.78{\pm}9.85^{\circ}$, angle of cervical curve (C2~C7) is $10.28{\pm}8.12^{\circ}$. The average of Jackson's angle is $14.02{\pm}10.01^{\circ}$, average of Ishihara Index is $8.46{\pm}10.58%$. The average of Depth of cervical curve is $5.15{\pm}4.72mm$ and average of Method of Jochumsen is $0.94{\pm}3.83mm$. 2. More than half of student's cervical curvature showed hypolordosis except Ishihara index. 3. There was significant difference in numeric value of cervical curvature between male and female both groups in terms of Ishihara index. 4. There were insignificant differences between male and female in terms of type of cervical curvature. Conclusions According to above results, we found out average of student's cervical curve. And the results suggest that most of the student's cervical curvature decrease.