• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.163-182
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is an analysis on the 3rd graders' achievement in the elementary school. For this purpose, this study, first, analysed on the 3rd graders' achievement like the ratios of the achievement levels for whole students, sexual students, and regional students. Second, this study analysed the 3rd graders' assessment results like the total averages, averages for the contents area, sexual students, and regional students. Third, this study analysed students' special responses on the items.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-101
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• 2011

Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology (STEM) integrated education has been spotlighted as a new approach for promoting students' conceptual understanding and supporting their future career in STEM field. There is increasing evidence of the positive impact of using a whole design process that can be an example of STEM integrated activities to improve students' conceptual understanding and problem solving skills. However, there is a lack of information on how teachers should accomplish science and engineering integration activities in their classroom and what process they should pay attention. To answer this question, we research the relationship between an design process and students' conceptual understanding using an engineering design activity, called 'Save the Penguins', and study on how each step in an engineering design process in this activity enhance students' conceptual knowledge in science. We found that testing their prototypes and discussing with their peers were the most important process for students to understand and apply science concept for their design, even though the whole engineering design process (demonstration about radiation, discussion about examples in our lives, and testing and reviewing their prototypes, and making final design) helps the students understand the scientific concepts.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2011

In this paper, we developed the application for measure an area that it compute a space coordinate of real object to represent through a camera by using the Orientation sensor of smart devices. The application will help to solve a problems of an epistemological obstacles in an area learning. We conducted an expert evaluation for the application of educative usability, educative effect and etc.. The expert group was comprised of elementary school teacher who teach curriculum of an area in mathematics. In result, it was positively evaluated in terms of educative usability.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop an art-based integration program for the Korean schools in the United States to improve students' academic performance and nurture the spirit of the young and can enable students taking art classes to better understand social and cultural phenomena influencing their lives. This study integrates with six other subjects that are language art, math, religion, social studies, and Korean history. Art classes are considered the main vehicle for integrating the entire program using a thematic approach. The methodology of this study is based on the literature research and the information of the place, the Korean School of Columbus, is that the school is one of 124 Korean Schools in the Mid-western states and is located in the northern part of Columbus, Ohio. In this study, I developed an art-based integration program to be connected well with other subjects to help students to make sense of them in the complex societies and to help them to obtain the five goals that are included: First, students will understand about a Korean history and culture through making a kite; Second, they will know that a kite can be used as ways of communication with people and God; Third, they will also know how different types of kites respond to the airflow of the wind; Fourth, they will understand an enjoyable and different way of learning about aspects of Fine art, Bible, Language art, Mathematics, Science, History, and Social studies; Lastly, they will learn how important to cooperate with each other.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.403-430
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the use of graphing calculators influence on forming students' mathematical concept of algebra, students' mathematical connection, and attitude toward mathematics. First, graphing calculators give instant feedback to students as they make students compare their written answers with the results, which helps students learn equations and linear inequalities for themselves. In respect of quadratic inequalities they help students to correct wrong concepts and understand fundamental concepts, and with regard to functions students can draw graphs more easily using graphing calculators, which means that the difficulty of drawing graphs can not be hindrance to student's learning functions. Moreover students could understand functions intuitively by using graphing calculators and explored math problems volunteerly. As a result, students were able to perceive faster the concepts of functions that they considered difficult and remain the concepts in their mind for a long time. Second, most of students could not think of connection among equations, equalities and functions. However, they could understand the connection among equations, equalities and functions more easily. Additionally students could focus on changing the real life into the algebraic expression by modeling without the fear of calculating, which made students relieve the burden of calculating and realize the usefulness of mathematics through the experience of solving the real-life problems. Third, we identified the change of six students' attitude through preliminary and an ex post facto attitude test. Five of six students came to have positive attitude toward mathematics, but only one student came to have negative attitude. However, all of the students showed positive attitude toward using graphing calculators in math class. That's because they could have more interest in mathematics by the strengthened and visualization of graphing calculators which helped them understand difficult algebraic concepts, which gave them a sense of achievement. Also, students could relieve the burden of calculating and have confidence. In a conclusion, using graphing calculators in algebra and function class has many advantages : formulating mathematics concepts, mathematical connection, and enhancing positive attitude toward mathematics. Therefore we need more research of the effect of using calculators, practical classroom materials, instruction models and assessment tools for graphing calculators. Lastly We need to make the classroom environment more adequate for using graphing calculators in math classes.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.263-287
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• 2010

The purposes of the study were to investigate how children define a triangle, their reasoning types in identifying examples and non-examples of a triangle, and the relationship between their reasoning types and geometrical levels. Twenty-nine students consisted of 3th to 6th grades were involved in the study. Using the van Hiele levels of geometrical thought, children's reasoning types for identifying a figure as a triangle or non-triangle were categorized into visual reasoning, reasoning based on the figure's attributes and formal reasoning. The figure's attributes were further divided into critical and non-critical attributes. Most children identified a figure as a triangle or non-triangle based on critical attributes of the figure(e.g. closed figure, three, vertices, straight sides etc.) Some children identified a figure based on non-critical attributes of the figure(e.g. the length of the sides, the measurement of the angles, or the orientation of the figure). Particularly, some children who had lower levels of geometry identified a figure using visual reasoning, taking in the whole shape without considering that the shape is made up of separate components.

• School Mathematics
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.523-533
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• 2007

This article focused the meaning of Pythagoras' and Euclid's proof about the Pythagorean theorem in a historical and mathematical perspective. Pythagoras' proof using similarity is based on the arithmetic assumption about commensurability. However, Euclid proved the Pythagorean theorem again only using the concept of dissection-rearrangement that is purely geometric so that it does not need commensurability. Pythagoras' and Euclid's different approaches to geometry have to do with Birkhoff's axiom system and Hilbert's axiom system in the school geometry Birkhoff proposed the new axioms for plane geometry accepting real number that is strictly defined. Thus Birkhoff's metrical approach can be defined as a Pythagorean approach that developed geometry based on number. On the other hand, Hilbert succeeded Euclid who had pursued pure geometry that did not depend on number. The difference between the proof using similarity and dissection-rearrangement is related to the unsolved problem in the geometry curriculum that is conflict of Euclid's conventional synthetical approach and modern mathematical approach to geometry.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.581-598
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• 2011

Given the growing agreement that algebra should be taught in the early stage of the curriculum, considerable studies have been conducted with regard to early algebra in the elementary school. However, there has been lack of research on how to organize mathematic lessons to develop of algebraic reasoning ability of the elementary school students. This research attempted to gain specific and practical information on effective algebraic teaching and learning in the elementary school. An exploratory qualitative case study was conducted to the fourth graders. This paper focused on the associative law of the multiplication. This paper showed what kinds of activities a teacher may organize following three steps: (a) focus on the properties of numbers and operations in specific situations, (b) discovery of the properties of numbers and operations with many examples, and (c) generalization of the properties of numbers and operations in arbitrary situations. Given the steps, this paper included an analysis on how the students developed their algebraic reasoning. This study provides implications on the important factors that lead to the development of algebraic reasoning ability for elementary students.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2013

As a tool of programming education, a robot is effective in creative problem solving abilities and logical thinking skills. It also provides practical, operational learning experience to learners, when using as a tool of learning, it can help learners' specific understanding for the contents of education and lead to an active participation in learning. This research focuses on the robot's instrumental use in the mathematics class. So the lesson activities with relation to the fourth grade math curriculum were developed after the functional analysis of the robot and the extraction of educational utilization with function. The result shows that there wasn't a significant difference in achievement test but there was a positive response in the most of the survey items. It shows that robots lead to an active participation in class, to be interested in math class and were helpful to understand math concepts. There was also a positive response in the result of learner interviews such as dynamic, collaborative communication, experiential, practical lessons that are rare sights in normal math class.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.585-601
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of communication skills and self-directed learning ability between mathematically gifted elementary students and non-gifted students. The subjects include 126 mathematically gifted elementary students from gifted education centers and gifted classes in elementary schools in D Metropolitan City and 124 non-gifted students that were non categorized as gifted students or special children in the same city. Employed in the study were the tests of communication skills and self-directed learning ability. Through this study, there are notable differences in communication skills and self-directed learning ability between mathematically gifted students and non-gifted students. Thus, those communication skills and self-directed learning ability should be taken into account when organizing and running a curriculum. In addition, developing a program for mathematically gifted students, as well as in teaching and learning communication skills and self-directed learning ability sufficient to consider the interrelationships between.