• 전기학회논문지
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• 제58권10호
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• pp.1930-1935
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• 2009

This paper deals with the torque ripple reduction of permanent magnet synchronous motor using harmonic current injection. Torque ripple of electric motor reduces system stability and performances, therefore efforts to reduce torque ripple are exerted in the design process. Torque ripple can be reduced by appropriate pole/slot combination, skew of rotor or stator, design of magnetic circuit, etc. In addition, torque ripple can be also reduced by input voltage and current, and many researches have been conducted to reduce torque ripple for six-step drive. Torque ripple reduction for current vector controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor also have been conducted and verified by investigating back emf wave form. Torque ripple reduction in this paper started from getting torque profile according to input current and electrical angle calculated by FEA, then instantaneous currents at each electrical angles for constant torque are calculated and applied to experiments. Therefore, 0% of torque ripple can be obtained theoretically with harmonic current injection. In order to maximize the effect of torque ripple reduction, a BLDC motor having high harmonic component of back emf is chosen. With sinusoidal current drive, over 100% of torque ripple is obtained initially, then 0.5 % of torque ripple is obtained by FEA using harmonic current injection. The effect is verified by experiment and the presented method can be effectively applicable to Electric Power Steering(EPS).

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.615-620
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• 2015

DOB (Disturbance Observer) is an useful control method for estimating the disturbance applied to dynamic systems. Disturbance observer can be used to implement a robust control system to generate a control input for rejecting the disturbance, and it can be also used to estimate the disturbance to obtain information. The system that uses disturbance estimation is investigated for high performance control such as automatic door systems, walking robot and electric power steering system in vehicles. In this paper, a novel disturbance observer which is called disturbance and current observer for estimating load torque in the motor system is proposed. The difference between the DOB for disturbance rejection and DCOB is mathematically verified. Current and angular velocity are required for estimating the load torque of the motor in DOB. However, the DCOB can estimate load torque and current without current sensor. DCOB is designed based on modeling of the motor system. Appropriate Q-filter is selected and the applicability of DCOB is verified by simulation. The estimated disturbance and current of the electric motor can be verified without current sensor, as experiments of the actual motor system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.25-29
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• 2016

Efforts to reduce tobacco use among school children need to be based on understanding of access to cigarettes by these subjects because previous studies indicated that enforcement of laws for controlling tobacco sales seems to not affect teen/school children because they can obtain cigarettes from different sources. This paper aims to describe access to and availability of cigarettes among school students (aged 13-15 years old) according to the data from GYTS Vietnam 2014. In GYTS, a national school-based survey of students of grades 8-10, our findings showed that about 15% school children are current smokers who smoke at home, and that they could easily buy cigarettes from stores (63.2%), or someone else (27.8%), or street vendors (9%). Notably, over 85% of school children answered that they were not refused because of their age. This high percentage was nearly the same in the North (85.7%), the Centre (92.5%), and the South (89.7%) of Viet Nam. These findings show that it is quite easy for school children to obtain cigarettes and this is a crucial challenge for policy makers aiming to reduce tobacco use among youth in general and school-age students in particular.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2011

The current test methods are insufficient to evaluate and ensure the safety and reliability of vehicle system for all possible dynamic situation including the worst case such as rollover, spin-out and so on. Although the known NHTSA Sine with dwell steering maneuvers are applied for the vehicle performance assessment, they aren't enough to estimate other possible worst case scenarios. Therefore, it is crucial for us to verify the various worst cases including the existing severe steering maneuvers. This paper includes useful worst case based upon the existing worst case scenarios mentioned above and worst case evaluation for vehicle dynamic controller in simulation basis and UCC HILS. The only human steering angle is selected as a design parameter here and optimized to maximize the index function to be expressed in terms of both yaw rate and side slip angle. The obtained scenarios were enough to generate the worst case to meet NHTSA worst case definition. It has been concluded that the new procedure in this paper is adequate to create other feasible worst case scenarios for a vehicle dynamic control system.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.112-121
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• 2016

AFLS (Adaptive front lighting system) is being applied to improve safety in driving automotive at night. Safe embedded system design for controlling head-lamps is required to improve noise robust ECU hardware and software simultaneously by considering safety requirement of hardware-dependent software under severe environmental noise. In this paper, we propose an adaptive headlight controller with a newly-designed symmetric angle sensor compensator, especially based on the proposed steering-swivel angle lookup table to determine whether the current controlling target is safe. The proposed system includes an additional backup hardware to compare the system status and provides safe swivel-angle management using a controlling algorithm based on the pre-defined lookup table (LUT), which is a symmetric mapping relationship between the requested steering angle and expected swivel angle target. The implemented system model shows that the proposed architecture effectively detects abnormal situations and restores safe status of controlling the light-angle in AFLS operations under severe noisy environment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2016

The aim of this paper is to report the rate of current and ever cigarette smoking and explore correlates of current cigarette smoking among adolescents aged 13-15 in Viet Nam. This analysis was derived from GYTS survey, which comprised of 3,430 adolescents aged 13-15, conducted in 2014 in 13 cities and provinces of Viet Nam. We calculated the weighted rates of current and ever cigarette smoking and reported patterns of smoking behavior. We also performed logistic regression to explore correlates of current cigarette smoking behavior. The weighted rate of ever cigarette smoking was 9.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 8.5 %-10.5%), in which the weighted rate among males (15.4%; 95% CI: 13.6%-17.0%) was higher than that among females (4.2%; 95% CI: 3.3%-5.1%). The weighted rate of current cigarette smoking was relatively low at 2.5% (95%CI: 2.0%-3.0%) with higher weighted rate among males (4.9%; 95% CI: 3.8%-5.9%) compared to the corresponding figure among females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.0 %-0.5%). Current cigarette smoking was significantly higher among males than females, in students aged 15 versus 13 years old, and in students who had several or all close friends smoking and students with daily observation of smoking at school. For greater smoking reduction outcomes, we recommend that tobacco interventions for adolescents should consider targeting more male students at older ages, establish stricter adherence to school-based banning of cigarette smoking, engage both smoking and nonsmoking adolescents and empower adolescents to resist peer smoking influence as well as changing their norms or beliefs towards smoking benefits.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.582-591
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• 2017

To address the wire complexity problem in large-scale globally asynchronous, locally synchronous systems, a current-mode ternary encoding scheme was devised for a two-phase asynchronous protocol. However, for data transmission through a very long wire, few studies have been conducted on reducing the long propagation delay in current-mode circuits. Hence, this paper proposes a current steering logic (CSL) that is able to minimize the long delay for the devised current-mode ternary encoding scheme. The CSL creates pulse signals that charge or discharge the output signal in advance for a short period of time, and as a result, helps prevent a slack in the current signals. The encoder and decoder circuits employing the CSL are implemented using $0.25-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. The results of an HSPICE simulation show that the normal and optimal mode operations of the CSL achieve a delay reduction of 11.8% and 28.1%, respectively, when compared to the original scheme for a 10-mm wire. They also reduce the power-delay product by 9.6% and 22.5%, respectively, at a data rate of 100 Mb/s for the same wire length.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2003

This work describes a 3 V 12b 100 MS/s CMOS digital-to-analog converter (DAC) for high-speed communication system applications. The proposed DAC is composed of a unit current-cell matrix for 8 MSBs and a binary-weighted array for 4 LSBs, trading-off linearity, power consumption, chip area, and glitch energy with this process. The low-glitch switch driving circuits are employed to improve linearity and dynamic performance. Current sources of the DAC are laid out separately from the current-cell switch matrix core block to reduce transient noise coupling. The prototype DAC is implemented in a 0.35 um n-well single-poly quad-metal CMOS technology and the measured DNL and INL are within ${\pm}0.75$ LSB and ${\pm}1.73$ LSB at 12b, respectively. The spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is 64 dB at 100 MS/s with a 10 MHz input sinewave. The DAC dissipates 91 mW at 3 V and occupies the active die area of $2.2{\;}mm{\;}{\times}{\;}2.0{\;}mm$

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2010

3GPP LTE (3rd Generation Partner Project Long Term Evolution)에 적용할 수 있는 다중대역 저잡음 증폭기를 90 nm RF CMOS 공정을 이용하여 설계하였다. 설계된 다중대역 저잡음 증폭기는 1.85-2.8 GHz 주파수 범위내의 8개 대역으로 분리돼서 동작하며, 다중대역에서의 성능 최적화를 위해 증폭기 입력단에 다중 캐패시터 어레이를 이용하여 대역에 따른 조정이 되도록 하였다. 입력 신호의 변화에 따른 증폭기의 포화를 방지하기 위해 Current Steering을 이용한 바이패스 모드를 구현하였다. 설계된 저잡음 증폭기는 1.2 V의 공급 전원에서 17 mA를 소모한다. RF 성능은 PLS (Post Layout Simulation)을 통해 검증하였다. 정상상태에서 전력이득은 26 dB, 바이패스모드에서의 전력이득은 0 또는 -6.7 dB를 얻었다. 또한, 잡음지수는 1.78dB, IIP3는 최대 이득 일 때 -12.8 dBm을 가진다.

• 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.201-214
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 차량에 사용되는 MDPS(Motor Driven Power Steering) 시스템에 사용되는 BLDC(Brush Less Direct Current) 모터 제어기의 파괴 시험에 적합한 테스트 케이스 생성 방법을 제시한다. 제안하는 방법은 입력 기반 테스트 방법의 하나인 CTM(Classification Tree Method)을 수정한 방법이다. CTM은 모든 입력의 중요도를 동등하게 가정하고 테스트 케이스를 생성하는 방법이다. 따라서 극한 상황과 같은 테스트 케이스를 생성하기 힘들다. 이와 같은 단점을 극복하고, 파괴 시험에 적합한 테스트 케이스를 생성하기 위해 CTM의 한계점을 보완한 변형된 CTM 재구성 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 CTM의 장점을 유지하면서 CTM으로 만들어진 테스트 케이스를 조합하여 특정 상황의 테스트에 적합한 시나리오를 집중적으로 생성할 수 있는 장점을 가진다. 제안한 방식을 이용해 파괴 시험을 위한 테스트 시나리오를 생성하고, 이를 이용하여 승용차에 사용되고 있는 MDPS 시스템에 대한 테스트를 수행하여 제안한 방법의 유용성을 검증한다.