• Title/Summary/Keyword: current-reuse

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COD removal from industrial wastewater plants using reverse osmosis membrane

  • Madaeni, S.S.;Samieirad, S.
    • Membrane and Water Treatment
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    • 제1권4호
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    • pp.273-282
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    • 2010
  • Treatment and reuse of industrial wastewater is becoming a major goal due to water scarcity. This may be carried out using membrane separation technology in general and reverse osmosis (RO) in particular. In the current study, polyamide (FT-30) membrane was employed for treatment of wastewater obtained from Faraman industrial zone based in Kermanshah (Iran). The effects of operating conditions such as transmembrane pressure, cross flow velocity, temperature and time on water flux and rejection of impurities including COD by the membrane were elucidated. The aim was an improvement in membrane performance. The results indicate that most of the chemical substances are removed from the wastewater. In particular COD removal was increased from 64 to around 100% as temperature increased from 15 to $45^{\circ}C$. The complete COD removal was obtained at transmembrane pressure of 20 bars and cross flow velocity of 1.5 m/s. The treated wastewater may be reused for various applications including makeup water for cooling towers.

RSOA-Based Wavelength-Reuse Gigabit WDM-PON

  • Kim, Byoung-Whi
    • Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.337-345
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    • 2008
  • This article presents the RSOA-based re-modulation schemes for practical application to the WDM-PON link. Emphasis is put on the three methods for reducing the residual downstream signal in the upstream transmission; the simplest one is to use the RSOA gain-saturation property, the second uses selective filtering of the adiabatic-chirped DFB-LD output spectrum, and the last uses a dynamic RSOA gain control by varying its driving current according to the incident binary signal. The reflection sensitivity in the proposed re-modulation link is also qualitatively presented in the cases of using two different types of seed light: coherent light from DFB-LD array and spectrum-sliced incoherent ASE light. We show experimental results of an error-free bidirectional gigabit transmission over 20 km at -30 dB reflection with the spectrum-sliced ASE seed light.

Quadrature VCO as a Subharmonic Mixer

  • Oh, Nam-Jin
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제10권3호
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2021
  • This paper proposes two types of subharmonic RF receiver front-end (called LMV) where, in a single stage, quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (QVCO) is stacked on top of a low noise amplifier. Since the QVCO itself plays the role of the single-balanced subharmonic mixer with the dc current reuse technique by stacking, the proposed topology can remove the RF mixer component in the RF front-end and thus reduce the chip size and the power consumption. Another advantage of the proposed topologies is that many challenges of the direct conversion receiver can be easily evaded with the subharmonic mixing in the QVCO itself. The intermediate frequency signal can be directly extracted at the center taps of the two inductors of the QVCO. Using a 65 nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, the proposed subharmonic RF front-ends are designed. Oscillating at around 2.4 GHz band, the proposed subharmonic LMVs are compared in terms of phase noise, voltage conversion gain and double sideband noise figure. The subharmonic LMVs consume about 330 ㎼ dc power from a 1-V supply.

Treatment of Domestic Wastewater by the Application of Electrochemical Membrane Bioreactor and Generation of Bioelectricity

  • Yadav, Saurabh;Kamsonlian, Suantak;Pal, Shubham
    • 공업화학
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    • 제33권5호
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    • pp.532-537
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    • 2022
  • The need for obtaining treated wastewater that meets high quality standards for discharge or reuse necessitates the use of highly efficient wastewater treatment techniques. In the present study, experiments have been carried out to reduce the concentration level of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total dissolved solids (TDS) from the wastewater sample. Treatment of sample of a real municipal wastewater collected from a sewage treatment plant (STP) was carried out in an electrochemical membrane bioreactor (EMBR). The EMBR was operated continuously for five days, and readings were taken at regular intervals. This paper has experimental results conducted in EMBR that indicate reduction of BOD, COD, and TDS levels of up to 32.25%, 29.25%, and 31.93%, respectively. Further, it was observed that a current of magnitude of 0.00752 mA was generated due to the metabolic activities of bacteria present in municipal wastewater, which gradually decreased day by day due to the decay of bacteria.

Identifying unsafe habits of construction workers based on real-time location

  • Li, Heng;Chan, Greg
    • 국제학술발표논문집
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    • The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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    • pp.10-14
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    • 2015
  • Unsafe behavior is one of the major causes of construction accidents. Managing the behavior of workers in real-time is difficult and requires huge manpower. In this paper, a new real-time locating framework is proposed to improve safety management by collecting and analyzing data describing the behavior of workers to identify habits that may lead to accidents. The aim of the study is to identify working habits of workers based on their location history. Location data is used to compare with that of other workers and equipment. The results indicate that the reuse of real-time location data can provide extra safety information for safety management and that the proposed system has the potential to prevent struck-by accidents and caught-in between accidents by predicting unwanted interaction between workers and equipment. This adds to current research aimed at automating construction safety to the point where the continuous monitoring, managing and protection of site workers on site is possible.

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부영양 저수지의 수질개선을 위한 CROM 운영 및 유속의 영향 (Role of Water Current in the CROM Operation for the Water Quality Improvement of Eutrophic Reservoir)

  • 이주환;황순진;김백호
    • 한국물환경학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.518-524
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    • 2010
  • Continuous removal of organic matters (CROM) using freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana was operated to evaluate the effect of water current on the water quality improvement (clearance) of eutrophic lake. The CROM system comprised three treatment steps such as flow control, treatment and analysis, and operated at the two different currents ($24L\;h^{-1}$ and $48L\;h^{-1}$) with mussels at density of $312.5indiv.\;m^{-2}$ for 12 consecutive days. Water quality including suspended solids (SS) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was daily measured at the same time. Results indicate that although both the system strongly decreased the concentration of SS and chl-a, a slow CROM system was more effective to diminish the SS contents than a fast CROM system; 82% and 66%, respectively (ANOVA, P<0.0001). Clearance rates, based on chl-a, were also significantly higher in a slow system than a fast system (ANOVA, P<0.0001), although the mussel mortality was conversely. In both systems, there showed a remarkable excretion of dissolved inorganic nutrients (i.e. $NH_3-N$ and $PO_4-P$), while a slow CROM system was higher than a fast system, significantly (ANOVA, P<0.0001). Therefore, it may suggest that a slow current CROM system is more suitable to maximize the efficacy of water quality improvement, but further study is needed to diminish the mortality of mussel and to reuse the nutrient released during the operation.

EPR대상품목 확대에 따른 B시 생활계폐기물 중심의 회수율과 재활용 확대를 위한 현안조사 연구 (A Study on Research of Pending Issues for Recovery and Recycling Expansion of Domestic Waste in B City According to EPR Target Extension)

  • 하상안;김동균;남길우;왕제필
    • 자원리싸이클링
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.68-75
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구에 있어서 현 EPR제도의 확대 품목의 부족성 및 문제점을 파악하기 위하여 B시의 소, 중, 대규모 별 아파트의 현장조사를 통하여 실질적인 발생량과 원단위를 파악하고 통계자료에 나타나지 않는 품목들을 예측하여 그에 따른 결과값으로 현재 이루어지는 재활용 분리수거의 문제점을 비교하고 분석하였으며 이를 뒷받침하기 위하여 B시에 거주하는 전문가 및 전문분야 학생 137명을 대상으로 EPR제도 품목 및 인식여부에 대한 설문조사를 실시하여 일반적으로 사람들 인식에 부족한 EPR제도 품목의 필요성 및 현 재활용 분리배출의 시스템의 오류를 지적하였고 향후 원활하고 지향적인 시스템 구축을 위한 해결 방안을 모색하였다.

폐교 시설의 효과적인 도서관 활용을 위한 폐교 발생 지역 주민의 인식 및 요구 분석에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Recognition and Needs Analysis of Community Residents to Reuse Closed Schools as Library)

  • 노영희;노지윤
    • 한국문헌정보학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.91-116
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구는 폐교의 성공적인 도서관 활용을 위해 핵심적인 역할을 수행할 것으로 기대되는 지역주민을 대상으로, 폐교 운영 및 관리 현황, 향후 폐교 활용 방향, 그리고 도서관의 폐교 활용 등에 대한 요구 분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 실제 폐교 발생지역의 주민들은 향후 폐교 활용을 긍정적으로 생각하고 있으며, 도서관을 새로 신축하는 것보다 폐교를 리모델링하는 것이 비용 측면에서 경제적이라는 긍정적인 응답을 하였다는 점에서 지역 내 도서관 수가 부족할 때 또는 지역주민들이 폐교를 도서관으로 리모델링하는 것을 희망할 때 폐교의 도서관으로서의 활용을 적극적으로 고려할 수 있을 것이다. 현재 폐교 활용 및 운영에 대한 인식은 보통 수준에 머물러 있어, 폐교 운영 및 관리의 장애요인을 그룹핑하여 홍보적 운영적 물리적 측면 순으로 폐교 운영과 재활용 활성화 방향을 개선할 필요가 있다고 판단된다. 또한 폐교 시설의 활용 유형에 있어서도 문화시설에 대한 현황과 지역주민의 요구가 맞아들고 있고, 폐교가 해당 지역을 기준으로 비교적 접근이 용이한 곳에 위치해 있다는 점에서 이를 중심으로 생활 밀착형 친화경 공간으로서 충분히 사용 될 수 있는 것을 의미함과 동시에 도서관 또한 지역주민들의 기초적인 문화시설 공간으로서 기존의 공공도서관과는 다른 복합문화공간, 전시관을 활용한 도서관, 친환경 도서관 등을 추구함으로써 해당 지역의 요구를 충족 보완할 수 있는 공간으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

DAF(Data Asset Framework)를 활용한 임산공학 분야 연구자들의 연구데이터 관리 개선 방안 - 국립산림과학원을 중심으로 - (The Study on Research Data Management of Researchers in the Field of Forestry Engineering using DAF(Data Asset Framework) - Focused on National Institute of Forest Science -)

  • 김주섭;한연중;유원재;전예린;김선태
    • 한국도서관정보학회지
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.103-131
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 임산공학 연구자들의 연구데이터 관리 현황 파악을 목적으로 하였다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 DAF(Data Asset Framework)라는 도구를 이용하여 설문조사를 수행하였다. DAF는 기관이 연구데이터를 어떻게 관리하고 있는지 식별, 위치, 설명 및 평가할 수 있는 수단을 제공하는 조사 도구이다. 이러한 DAF를 활용하여 국립산림과학원 내 임산공학 분야 연구자들을 대상으로 연구데이터 관리 현황을 분석한 결과, 연구데이터 생성방법 및 유형, 공유, 저장, 보존 그리고 재사용 등과 같은 5가지의 카테고리의 현황 및 문제점이 도출되었으며, 또한 문제점 관련하여 해결책을 제시하였다. 이번 연구는 DAF와 같은 체계적인 도구를 활용한 기초 조사로서 특정 분야의 RDM 시스템 설계 시 연구데이터의 현황 및 문제점을 분석하는데 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것이다.

2.4 GHz ZigBee 응용을 위한 저전력 CMOS LNA 설계 (Design of Low Power CMOS LNA for 2.4 GHz ZigBee Applications)

  • 조인신;염기수
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국해양정보통신학회 2006년도 춘계종합학술대회
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    • pp.259-262
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    • 2006
  • 본 논문에서는 2.4 GHz ZigBee 응용을 위한 저전력 CMOS LNA(Low Noise Amplifier)를 설계하였다. 제안된 회로의 설계에서 TSMC $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS 공정을 사용하였고 current-reused stage를 이용한 2단 cascade 구조를 채택하였다. 본 논문에서는 LNA 설계 과정을 소개하고 ADS(Advanced Design System)를 이용한 모의실험 결과를 제시하여 검증하였다. 모의실험 결과, 1.0V의 전압이 인가될 때 1.38mW의 매우 낮은 전력 소모를 확인하였다. 또한 13.83dB의 최대 이득, -20.37dB의 입력 반사 손실, -22.48dB의 출력 반사 손실 그리고 1.13dB의 잡음 지수를 보였다.

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