• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1999년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.1744-1746
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we give pressure stimulation into organic ultra thin films and detected the induced displacement current properties, and then manufacture a device under the accumulation condition. In processing of a device manufacture, we can see the process is good from the change of a surface pressure and transfer ratio of area per molecule of organic ultra thin films. The structure of manufactured device is MIM(Au/polyimide LB films/AU), the number of accumulated 19 layers. I-V characteristic of the device is measured from -5[V] to +5[V]. The maximum value of measured current is increased as the number of accumulated layers are decreased. The insulation of a thin film is better as the interval between electrodes is larger, and the insulation properties of a thin film is better as the distance between electrodes is larger.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부 C
• /
• pp.807-809
• /
• 1998

We give pressure stimulation into organic thin films and detect the induced displacement current, In processing of a device manufacture, we can see the process is good from the change of a surface pressure for organic thin films and transfer ratio of area per molecule. The structure of manufactured device is Au/organic thin films(Kapton-Polyimide)/Au and I-V properties of the device is measured from 0(V) to +5(V). The maximum value of measured current is increased as the number of accumulated layers are decreased. The resistance for the number of accumulated layers, the energy density for an input voltage show desired results.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 전기설비전문위원
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2009

In this paper, evaluation of physical properties was made for dielectric relaxation phenomena by the detection of the surface pressures and displacements current on the monolayer films of fatty acid monomolecular Arachidic Acid, Stearic Acid using compressing velocity. LB(Langmuir-Blodgett) thin films were manufacture by detecting deposition for the accumulation and the current was measured after the electric bias was applied across the manufactured MIM device. The physicochemical properties of the fatty acid monomolecular Arachidic Acid, Stearic Acid films surface structure has been studied by AFM. We give pressure stimulation into organic thin films and then manufacture a device under the accumulation condition that the state surface pressure is gas state, liquid state, solid state. Formation that prevent when gas phase state and liquid phase state measure but could know organic matter that molecules form equal and stable film when molecules were not distributed evenly, and accumulated in solid state only.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.6.1-10
• /
• 1996

Starting from the Debye theory of rotational Brownian motion equation, we derive an expression for explaining the generation of Maxwell displacement current (MDC) across single monolayers on a material surface. The orientational order parameter and the dielectric relaxation the of monolayers are derived. Based on fille analyses developed here, we examine the MDC across phospholipid monolayers with thermal stimulation due to the change in the spontaneous polarization, and the generation of MDC from 4-cyano-4\`-5-alkayl-biphenyl(5CB) Langmuir-film at the onset of transition by monolayer compression

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2007

This paper proposes a helmet-type whole-head brain stimulator system considering a realistic head geometry. For more accurate design and computer simulations, a realistic volume conductor model was adopted and the current evoked on human cerebral cortex was analyzed using the boundary element method (BEM). To obtain a more focalized evoked current around the target points, various coil configurations were tested and an average targeting error of about 10 mm was obtained.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물물리학회 1997년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.27-27
• /
• 1997

The effects of $a_1$-adrenoceptor stimulation on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ ([C $a^{2+}$]$_{i}$ ) transient, contraction, and L-type $Ca^{2＋}$ current ( $I_{Ca,L}$) were studied in single cells isolated from ventricles of guinea pig hearts. Phenylephrine, $\alpha$$_1$-adrenergic agonist, (5$\times$10$^{-5}$ ~10$^{-4}$ M) produced a biphasic pattern of inotropism： transient negative response (decrease in contraction by 23.9$\pm$2.5% of control) followed by a sustained positive response (increase in contraction by 60.0$\pm$3.4%, mean $\pm$ SD, n=12).(omitted)ted)

• 대한물리치료과학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.107-119
• /
• 2002

Astrocyte, which shares the greatest part of the brain (about 25%), is a land of glial cell that composes the central nervous system along with microglia, ependymal cell and oligodendroglia. It has 7-9nm of fibers in its cytoplasma, which are composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. As for the functions of the astrocyte, it has, so far, been supposed that the astrocyte will play a cytoskeletal role in maintaining the structure of the cerebrum, play a role as a blood-brain barrier so that it can induce migration of the neuron in its development and substances in the blood cannot go into the nervous tissue, and a role of immunology and phagocytosis. However, it was revealed today that it will be a role in preventing expansion of injury by attaching itself to the connective tissue such as the vessel and the pia mater when the nervous tissue or the arachnoid is injured. Microcurrent stimulation can control current, on the basis of A unit. That is, with such devices using it, it is possible to sense, from the outside, the injured current(wound current) of the lesion and to change it into the normal current, thereby promoting the restoration of the cells. In order to examine the effects of microcurrent stimulation on the injured astrocytes in the rabbits, this study was conducted with 24 New Zealand White Rabbit as its subjects, which were divided into 8 animals of the experiment group and 16 animals of the control group. After the animals in the experiment group were fixed to the stereotaxic apparatus, their hair was removed and their premotor area(association area) perforated by the micro-drill for skull-perforation with the depth of 8mm from the scalp. In one week after the injury, 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were sacrificed and examined with immunohistochemical method. And in three weeks, the remaining 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were also sacrificed and examined with the same way. The conclusion has been drawn as follows : In the control group sacrificed in one week after the injury, the astrocytes somewhat increased, compared with the normal animals, and in the group sacrificed in three weeks after the injury, they increased more (p < 0.05). The experiment group A in one week showed a little increase, but there was no significant differences, but the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase, compared with the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). The experiment group B in one week showed more increase than the control group or the experiment group A, and the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase than the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). Among the astrocytes, fibrous astrocytes were mostly observed, increasing as they are close to the lesion, and decreasing as they are remote from it. The findings show that microcurrent can cause the astrocytes to proliferate and that it will be more effective to stimulate the cervical part somewhat remote from the lesion rather than to directly stimulate the part of the lesion. Thus, microcurrent stimulation can be one of the methods that can activate the reaction of astrocytes, which is one of the mechanism for treating cerebral injury with hemorrhage. Therefore, this study will be used as basic research data for promoting restoration of functions in the patient with injury in the central nervous system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.487-494
• /
• 2001

During depolarization, extrusion of $Ca^{2+}$ from sarcoplasmic reticulum through forward-mode $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange was studied in the rat ventricular myocytes patch-clamped in whole-cell configuration. In order to confine the $Ca^{2+}$ responses in a micro-domain by limiting the $Ca^{2+}$ diffusion time, rat ventricular myocytes were dialyzed with high (14 mM) EGTA. $K^+$ current was suppressed by substituting KCl with 105 mM CsCl and 20 mM TEA in the pipette filling solution and by omitting KCl in the external Tyrode solution. $Cl^-$ current was suppressed by adding 0.1 mM DIDS in the external Tyrode solution. During stimulation roughly mimicking action potential, the initial outward current was converted into inward current, $47{\pm}1%$ of which was suppressed by 0.1 mM $CdCl_2.$ 10 mM caffeine increased the remaining inward current after $CdCl_2$ in a cAMP-dependent manner. This caffeine-induced inward current was blocked by $1\;{\mu}M$ ryanodine, $10\;{\mu}M$ thapsigargin, 5 mM $NiCl_2,$ or by $Na^+\;and\;Ca^{2+}$ omission, but not by $0.1\;{\mu}M$ isoproterenol. The $I{\sim}V$ relationship of the caffeine-induced current elicited inward current from -45 mV to +3 mV with the peak at -25 mV. Taken together, it is concluded that, during activation of the rat ventricular myocyte, forward-mode $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange extrudes a fraction of $Ca^{2+}$ released from sarcoplasmic reticulum mainly by voltage-sensitive release mechanism in a micro-domain in the t-tubule, which is functionally separable from global $Ca^{2+}{_i}$ by EGTA.

• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.403-413
• /
• 2021

Background and objective: There is growing concern about the effects of modern society on mental health, coming with Covid-19-related caveats on depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS). This can be a subject to provide alternative methods which alleviate DAS. In line with this context, sensory gardens are widely acknowledged to stimulate the five major senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell) and can have a significant (positive) impact on mental health. However, there is limited empirical evidence on the effect of these gardens with regard to alleviating DAS - particularly with respect to urban society This is a gab in knowledge how such limits can be addressed. Accordingly, this present study is clearly needed in order to verify if there are any correlations between sensory gardens and (positive) effects on DAS. The aim of this study was therefore to understand current levels of DAS in a high density building with a sensory garden in a courtyard and determine correlations between experiences in the sensory courtyard and levels of DAS. Methods: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to test the level of DAS. Results: Additionally, 13 different factors associated with experiences in the building, including the stimulation of the five major senses in the sensory courtyard, were measured to reveal their contribution to mitigating depression, anxiety, and stress. It is noted that the average levels of DAS were 7.91, 7.77 and 9.01 respectively indicating that the mental health of participants requires mental health management. However, results show that factors associated with the sensory courtyard could improve mental health. For example, new social relationships, walking with colleagues, and the stimulation of each of the five major senses in the sensory garden could improve DAS. Conclusion: This illustrates that external experiences are more effective at mitigating depression, anxiety, and stress than internal ones. Factor analysis revealed four components: stimulating the five senses; internal and external facilities; internet-based device use; and new social relationships. There was a strong positive correlation between new social relationships and walking with colleagues. There were also strong positive correlations among the stimulation of each of the five senses. In conclusion, there are strong indications that sensory courtyards can help alleviate DAS and should therefore be promoted, particularly in the current Covid-19 situation wherein the physical and mental health of the public at large are threatened. Accordingly, courtyard design should be rethought in light of the relationship between the positive impact of sensory gardens and mental health.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.89-101
• /
• 2001

한의학에서 진단과 치료의 기본 대상인 경혈.경락의 혈위 식별을 위한 방법으로 기존의 방식은 직류를 인체 피부에 자극하여 저정항 양도점을 식별하고 있다. 그러나 직류를 인체에 인가하면 시간에 따라 전류가 감소하는 현상이 있어서 반복 측정 시에 식별율 및 재현성이 감소되는 식별데이터의 신뢰성이 충분하지 못한 단점이 있으며 세포에 분극현상을 일으켜서 인체의 생리적 상태에 영향을 준다. 또한 직류방식은 식별계측에 시간이 다소 길게 소요되며 전류감쇠현상으로 낮아진 측정 전류량을 얻기 위해서는 전극의 압력이 증가하게 되며 그 전극누름 압력에 의한 통증을 유발시킨다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 전류의 시간적 감소현상과 인체 영향력을 최소화할 수 있는 경혈자극 패턴의 최적 파라메터를 추출하고, 이를 적용한 SPAC(Single Power Alternative Current) 자극방식을 제안하였다. 이는 주파수를 1.28V의 4kHz로 결정하고, 듀티비가 40%인 구형파에 가까운 파형을 추출하였다. 또한 피부 상태에 관계없이 식별이 어려군 부위에서도 식별이 용이하도록 피부 전류량의 절대값과 상대값을 레벨메터에 동시에 표시하고, 측정 전류량을 그래프로 연속 표시하여 식별에 유리한 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 추출된 최적 파라메터와 알고리즘을 적용한 식별시스템을 구현하여 성능을 기존의 직류방식과 비교 검토한 결과, 식별율(경혈과 비경혈의 상대차)은 19.6%, 재현성은 15.1%, 인체영향력은 11.2%, 고전 경혈점과의 부합율은 18.4% 향상되었음을 확인하였다.