• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

In the 1960s, rapid urbanization and industrialization created the social atmosphere of individualism in Korea. Individualism has weakened social ties, led to the breakdown of communities, and caused various social problems. So, the paradigm is shifting to a shared society and there are moves to seek ways to solve social problems through community. As part of the initiative, the value and importance of common space in multi-unit dwelling, the typical Korean housing type, is increasing. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the trends of domestic research about common space, to assess the current state of domestic academic world and explore the future plans of the common space. The content analysis method was mainly used and statistics were additionally used to analyze 172 preceding research. As a result, research on common spaces showed a steady increase to the current time. And research was being diversified in the field of publishing journals, research contents, research methods and facilities. Until now, most studies have focused on improvement of plan and the quality of common space by identifying the attitude survey, space planning, and the actual situation. Thus many more studies about proper way to operate and manage common space need to be conducted. it is considered that the common space will develop more efficiently. The study is expected to be used as groundwork for the development of the common space and serve as concrete data to show future development directions.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 2011

This study evaluates common activity and quality of life in Swedish cohousing units to examine whether Swedish cohousing functions properly or not. A questionnaire survey was fulfilled during the autumn of 2010 in G$\ddot{o}$teborg Sweden. The subjects of study were 12 of 44 cohousing units in Sweden that included 4 of the +40 cohousing and 8 of the mixed-age cohousing. A total of 242 of 353 distributed questionnaires were collected (68.6%) and analyzed by SPSS statistical program. The findings are as follow: 1) General characteristics of the respondents are that they are mostly healthy, evenly aged from age 50s to 70s and highly educated with significant proportions of academics and civil workers. There are more females than males and more singles than cohabitants. 2) The most frequent and preferred common activity is a common meal followed by a coffee meeting. A common dinner, the 'hub of living together' is held almost every day or at least a few times a week. A common meal is considered one of the most important activities because of practical and social advantages in that residents can save time and cooking costs as well as engage in social contact. Referring to evaluation of frequency and content of common activity, more than a half of the respondents prefer the current situation. 3) All of the variables (except health conditions and education level) affect participation in common activity with statistical significance. 4) Most of the respondents indicate a high level of life satisfaction and are willing to recommend others move to cohousing. They agree that there is more mutual support among residents in cohousing units than in a conventional community. In conclusion, Swedish cohousing units function successfully as they have pursued intentional community ideology and most of the residents are proud of their current living situations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.41-54
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data for a transparent and fair bidding system by identifying problems and suggesting improvement measures through an analysis of the bidding status for construction projects and service-related landscaping of multi-family housing. To this end, we used the data from the "Multi-Family Housing Management Information System (K-apt)" that provides the history of apartment maintenance, bidding information, and the electronic bidding system to examine the winning bid status and amount, along with the size and trends of the winning bids by year, and the results of the selection of operators by construction type. As a result, it was found that out of the total number of successful bids (36,831), 4.4% (16,631) were in the landscaping business, and the average winning bid value was found to be about 24 million won. According to the data, 73% of the landscaping cases were valued between 3 million won and 30 million won, and 58.6% of the cases were in the field of "pest prevention and maintenance". 36% of the total number of bids were awarded from February to April, with "general competitive bidding" accounting for 59.8% of the bidding methods. As for the method of selecting the winning bidder, 55% adopted the "lowest bid" and "electronic bidding method," and 45% adopted the "qualification screening system" and "direct bidding method." As an improvement to the problems derived from the bidding status data, the following are recommended: First, the exception clause to the current 'electronic bidding method' application regulations must be minimized to activate the electronic bidding method so that a fair bidding system can be operated. Second, landscaping management standards for green area environmental quality of multi-family housing must be prepared. Third, the provisions for preparing design books, such as detailed statements and drawings before the bidding announcement, and calculating the basic amount shall be prepared so that fair bidding can be made by specifying the details of the project concretely and objectively must be made. Fourth, for various bidding conditions in the 'business operator selection guidelines', detailed guidelines for each condition, not the selection, need to be prepared to maintain fairness and consistency. These measures are believed to beuseful in the fair selection of landscaping operators for multi-family housing projects and to prepare objective and reasonable standards for the maintenance of landscaping facilities and a green environment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2014

Korea, old buildings do not currently have earth-resistant facilities, and disaster prevention facilities have some limitation in responding properly to damage arising from natural disaster as they do not reflect recently occurring climatic changes. Accordingly, it is necessary to select vulnerable districts by taking into consideration the possibility of disaster occurrence and the current situation of infrastructures for disaster prevention in order to responding efficiently to future unexpected disasters. For this purpose, national government has recently formed the DB linkage council for disaster prevention under the participation of related agencies and constructed integrated database. But local governments have not properly provided it with basic data necessary to construct database, resulting in the delay of the project. Therefore, it is thought that national government needs to provide them with manpower and financial support.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.16-29
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• 2008

According to the statistical data of the Ministry of Environment, 47million tons of construction waste were generated, and 96.7% of them was recycled in 2005. However, the recycled products seem to be remained under low quality. Because mixed demolition and construction waste, so called DC Waste, including concrete, brick, plaster, lumber, plastics building materials, paper and some dirt and stone, is very variable and difficult to estimate its exact composition, it is regarded as having little or no value to the construction industry. 'The Research group on recycling of construction waste' was started by the Housing & Urban Research Institute(KNHC), which is sponsored as a large scale national project by the Ministry of Construction and Transportation. This research group intends to establish recycling system through planing, processing, developing practical technology, and eventually contribute to save natural resource and to vitalize the industry. In this paper an overview of DC waste management and recycling technology is given in some detail. Particularly, "recycling law of construction waste" and recent research trends on recycling of construction waste are discussed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.337-343
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• 2011

With commencing trial 3D digital broadcasting, the studies on next generation digital broadcasting technology for coming UHDTV era is being actively progressing. In this paper, I propose surround audio formats for next-generation digital TV broadcasting, along with comparative study of major surround audio formats in use or under development. I did comparative study on current major competing surround formats such as Dolby True HD and DTS HD MA, along with NHK proposed 22.2 channel surround format for UHDTV system. Upon this comparative study and our housing situation consideration, I propose lossy compression 3D surround 7.1 channel surround format along with loosless 2.0 and 4.0 hi-fi format as next generation digital TV broadcasting standard. In lieu with this, I also propose transmitting binaural 2 channel audio data as sub-audio. It will give holographic sound experience when properly processed with individual HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function) with headphone. The table for data rate of each proposed audio format is also presented.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

Recently, the demolition industry is becoming more important than ever for formulating reuse and recycling of a construction waste with the current trend in pursuing a sustainable development. As considering the situation of a domestic housing construction and an existing house, a scale of a demolition market is expected to increase continually. Therefore, for a sustainable development, it is needed to forecast and manage rightly the demolition waste producted in a demolition phase. But, because most of a demolition company is very small and the investment in a technology development is not enough, the effort to develope a system and to make a standard for managing righly a demolition waste is also not sufficient. Therefore, this study develops a system to automatize quantifying a demolition waste. This system makes it possible to manage the planning of demolition works and the quantifying, disposal, reusing and recycling of a demolition waste in one system by integrating all the activities related with demolition works. 3D drawings of each element for demolition works will manage by being linked to its schedule for visualizing 3D object. Also, this study presents methods for quantifying easily a demolition waste by using 3D object.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.155-160
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• 2009

Safety of residents could be considered and then increased when we plan, design, and operate a city. In Korea, CPTED (Crime Prevention through Environmental Design) is currently being applied to new towns. However, it is not systemized and neither efficient, for there are no constraint provisions, and the foreign cases are not specifically customized to the current situation of the country. This means, the introduction of CPTED is an indispensable fact, but there are limits to the budget aids and actual application, for there is no legal base to support it. This study, therefore, aims to find the limits from analyzing related laws and regimes, administrative regulations, and applied cases, and to deduct improvement plans based on examined foreign cases. In this Study, the supporting system of foreign CPTED related laws and regulations was analyzed around the cases of England and U.S.A, and based on that information, the present condition and limits of CPTED related laws and regulations of Korea were deducted. As a result of this study, there were no constraint provisions to apply the design guidelines to actual planning, and there were limits on backup aid and actual application due to the lacking of analyzing the relevant area. Also, an acceptable framework must be arranged by the revision of laws and ordinances to compel the system, and link it with the CPTED certification system which will revitalize the whole system.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.73-92
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• 1996

There are basically three approaches of surveys on the economically active population, namely Labor Force Approach (or Current Status Approach), Usual Status Approach, and Gainful Worker Approach. The selection of an approach among these approaches to be applied to a survey or population census should take into considerations the purpose and background of the survey or the census and the socio-economic situation of a country. In the Korean Population and Housing Census series which have been taken almost every five years since its first round in 1925, a sample survey on the economically active population has been adopted since the 1960 round of census. Even if the labor force approach continued to be applied to the censns prior to 1980, the approach has been different from one round to another in recent rounds. It may be suggested that the labor force approach continue to be adopted for the Korean Population and Housing Census for the following reasons: 1) the proportion of seasonal workers to the total workers is very small, 2) the proportion of population whose type of activity for a specific duration is different from that for one year is small, 3) the approach for the census should be the same as that for a variety of sample surveys on the economically active population which adopt the labor force approach, since the census functions as a population as well as a bench mark for those sample surveys, 4) an application of labor force approach will facilitate international comparisons since most of countries that conduct a population census adopt this approach, 5) the labor force approach can improve the reliability of results, thanks to its short reference period, etc.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 2022

Responding to the increasing demand for research on seismic resistance of structures triggered by a large-scale earthquake in Korea, the Ministry of the Interior and Safety revised the typical application of the existing seismic design standards with the national seismic performance target enhanced. Therefore, in this paper, the dam body of the aged Test-Bed and the penstock with fluid were modeled by the three-dimensional finite element method by introducing several variables. The current seismic design standard law confirmed the safety of the dam structure and penstock against seismic waves. As a result of the 3D finite element analysis, the stress change due to the water impact of the penstock was minimal, and it was confirmed that the effect of the hydraulic pressure was more significant than the water impact in the earthquake situation. When the hydrostatic pressure is in the form of SPH, it was analyzed that the motion of the fluid and the location of stress caused by the earthquake can be effectively represented, and it will be easier to analyze the weak part. As a result of the analysis, which considers penstock's corrosion, the degree of stress dispersion gets smaller because the penstock is embedded in the body. The stress result is minimal, less than 1% of the yield stress of the steel. In addition, although there is a possibility of micro-tensile cracks occurring in the inlet of the dam, it has not been shown to have a significant effect on the stress increa.