• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.371-375
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• 2015

Background: The current typical drying methods for red ginseng are sun drying and hot-air drying. The purpose of this study was to investigate drying characteristics of red ginseng by using far-infrared drying. Methods: The far-infrared drying tests on red ginseng were conducted at two drying stages: (1) high temperature for 24 h drying and (2) low temperature drying until the final moisture content was $13{\pm}0.5%$ (wet basis). The high temperature drying stage included three drying chamber temperature conditions of $60^{\circ}C$, $65^{\circ}C$, and $70^{\circ}C$. The low temperature drying stage was conducted at temperatures of $45^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$. Drying characteristics were analyzed based on factors such as drying rate, color changes, energy consumption, and saponin content. The results were compared with those of the hot-air and sun drying methods. Results: The results revealed that increases in drying temperature caused a decrease in drying time and energy consumption for far-infrared drying. The saponin content decreased under all drying conditions after drying, the highest value (11.34 mg/g) was observed at drying conditions of $60{\sim}50^{\circ}C$. The sun drying condition showed the lowest color difference value when compared with far-infrared and hot-air drying. Conclusion: The far-infrared drying showed a faster drying rate, higher saponin content, lower color difference value, and a decrease in energy consumption than seen in hot-air drying.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.569-577
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• 2019

The current experiment was conducted to compare nutrient utilization in the aged laying hens with different eggshell strengths or different intensities of brown eggshell color. Two metabolic trials with 96-week-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were conducted. Twelve hens with a strong eggshell strength (SES) and 12 hens with a weak eggshell strength (WES) were selected and used in the first experiment, whereas 12 hens with dark brown eggshells (DBE) and 12 hens with light brown eggshells (LBE) were selected and used in the second experiment. All hens were fed a common commercial layer diet. Diets included chromic oxide as an indigestible marker to determine the apparent total tract retention (ATTR) of the gross energy (GE), dry matter, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract, nitrogen, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, ash, and minerals. The results indicate that the ATTR of Ca in the aged laying hens with SES (59.7%) was greater (p < 0.05) than in the aged laying hens with WES (48.6%). However, the ATTR of the GE and other nutrients was not different between the hens with SES or WES. There were no differences in the ATTR of GE and nutrients between the hens with DBE or LBE. In conclusion, aged laying hens with SES have a greater ability to utilize dietary Ca than those with WES, indicating that the extent of dietary Ca utilization determines the eggshell strength of aged laying hens. However, nutrient utilization in diets may have little impact on eggshell brown coloration in aged laying hens.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-109
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• 2023

This study attempted to understand current status of overseas virtual fashion brands and analyze attributes of common digital fashion brands. Based on brand analysis criteria of previous studies, digital fashion brands were analyzed for brand concept, price range, characteristic elements, and attributes. Digital fashion design elements of items, colors, materials, patterns, and effects were analyzed by collecting images of brands' digital fashion design products. Digital fashion brands could be divided into experimental and creative digital fashion brands and digital fashion brands aiming for popular brands. This study introduces a creative fashion collection that experiments sustainability and future value. It shares a new way of self-expression and a playful culture centered on the younger generation. In terms of fashion design elements, fashion items were similar to the existing fashion category, but included other accessories that reflected the lifestyle of Generation Z. Silhouette expressed a minimalistic futuristic image centered on straight silhouettes. Color showed a bold and modern color image through black and color contrast. Unique patterns reflecting the concept of the brand appeared, centering on abstract and geometric patterns. Regarding materials and effects, new elements differentiated from existing fashion design area, showing meaningful characteristics. Digital materials are developed and proposed for sustainability. Materials (such as metal, glass, plastic) and effects (such as weightlessness, flames) expand impossible senses in reality and enable new fashion experiences. This is a case study of digital fashion brands. It is meaningful in that it identifies characteristics and discusses their values and meanings.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 2022

In order to promote active sales growth in the rapidly changing modern society's makeup market, it is now time to analyze makeup colors closely in line with current trends. Therefore, in this study, professional women from Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanam-do were treated and analyzed with the statistical SPSS 21.0 package program for colors such as makeup base, eyebrow, lip, and cheek, and the reasons for their preference. As a result of the study, yellow makeup base, black eyebrow, red lip, and red cheek color were preferred. This study will be provided as basic data for the development of various makeup patterns and novel makeup color items, and it is believed that it will contribute directly or indirectly to increased sales while gaining an edge in the modern makeup market.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2019

This research was started to identify the color status of signboards at the target site and suggest the direction of improvement for the signboard project in Dongsang-dong, Jongno-gil, a central area of the old city center of Gimhae. The area under study forms a depressed street atmosphere with old facilities, and is a typical type of old city center sign that needs to be rebuilt. The purpose of this study is to investigate prior research related to signage and similar signboard improvement cases, and then to identify the current status of colors by sorting out the casting, auxiliary and highlighted colors through the survey of the color of the signboard in the target area, and to propose a desirable direction for the future sign business based on the basis of these findings. This paper divided the target sections by industry and conducted a color analysis of signboards. The results and contents of the research are as follows. First, cast-colored signboards in general businesses showed a variety of primary color distributions with high L* values, on average, with high intensity and high chromaticity. Second, the auxiliary colors were mostly white or black in color-free, making a contrast between the casting colors. Third, the highlight was that a* value showed a high distribution in positive water plus and was mainly distributed in obsolescence, such as red or yellow, and color was used to reflect the characteristics of each store. However, the stores in the entire section lack unity because they were using colors that were higher in color than middle colors, which was causing the street's aesthetic look to be undermined. Based on the results of these studies, it is thought that the future color scheme for Gimhae's signature improvement project will limit the number of colors to a certain extent and give a sense of security and visual comfort to the use of colorlessness and obscurity around the representative colors of Gimhae.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.401-410
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• 2016

Since the late 19th century, scientific logic and techniques have been used extensively in the field of clinical pathology, including many laboratory tests utilizing various apparatuses and instruments. Among the techniques to measure hemoglobin, the visual color comparison method was most popular around this time; the specific gravity method and gasometric method were not widely adopted. Instruments that use the visual color comparison method include Gowers' hemoglobinometer, von Fleischl's hemoglobinometer, Dare's hemoglobinometer, Oliver's hemoglobinometer, Haden-Hausser hemoglobinometer, and Spencer Hb meter. Initially, the visual color comparison methods were used to diluate and hemolyze blood with distilled water and then to measure its color. Later, these methods were further developed to measure hemoglobin without dilution, and improved with the formation of acid or alkaline hematin ensuring the stability of color development. Hammerschlag's method as well as the Schmaltz and Peiper's methods were based on specific gravity measurement, but they were not widely used. The gasometric method used the Van Slyke gasometer, indirectly measuring the hemoglobin concentration. This method provides the most accurate results. This survey examined the characteristics and limitations of hemoglobinometers and methods used to measure hemoglobin from the late 19th century to the early-and mid-20th century. Moreover, this study aims to improve the understanding and applicability of the current methods and emerging technologies used in measuring hemoglobin. It is also expected that this investigation is the starting point to promote awareness of the need to organize historical data for a variety of historical relics of the diagnostic laboratory tests.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2006

This work presents o novel method which extract facial region und features from motion picture automatically and controls the 3D facial expression in real time. To txtract facial region and facial feature points from each color frame of motion pictures a new nonparametric skin color model is proposed rather than using parametric skin color model. Conventionally used parametric skin color models, which presents facial distribution as gaussian-type, have lack of robustness for varying lighting conditions. Thus it needs additional work to extract exact facial region from face images. To resolve the limitation of current skin color model, we exploit the Hue-Tint chrominance components and represent the skin chrominance distribution as a linear function, which can reduce error for detecting facial region. Moreover, the minimal facial feature positions detected by the proposed skin model are adjusted by using edge information of the detected facial region along with the proportions of the face. To produce the realistic facial expression, we adopt Water's linear muscle model and apply the extended version of Water's muscles to variation of the facial features of the 3D face. The experiments show that the proposed approach efficiently detects facial feature points and naturally controls the facial expression of the 3D face model.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-216
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• 2022

Materials and techniques used for two portraits (Jo-nyeon Lee and S ung-in Lee) of the Lee family from Seongju enshrined in Seongsan temple were scientifically analyzed, and based on the data, an optimal replica restoration method was designed. According to the expression technique investigation, both portraits were expressed mainly in line drawing, but there were differences in shoes, pupils, the color expression of flesh, overpainting, and traces of reinforcement. Pigment analysis revealed that a mixture of cinnabar and minium, organic pigment, azurite, malachite, lead white, and yellow pigment were used in common. In the case of Sung-in Lee's portrait, seokganju and atacamite were also used. In addition, comparison with the contemporaneous portraits of gentry showed that the portrait style at the time was found in the two portraits, but the singularity was modified differently there. Based on the scientific analysis, it was decided to replicate the old color restoration for Jo-nyeon Lee's portrait while for Sung-in Lee's portrait, it was decided to replicate the phenomenon. Detailed coloring techniques were presented by supplementing the expression techniques that are difficult to confirm visually using scientific data. In addition, by measuring the chromaticity of representative positions in the portrait for each color and presenting the color reference value calculated as the average value, the current color of the artifact can be replicated and restored based on the objective data as much as possible.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

In this paper, two types of blue organic light-emitting device were designed. We have analyzed the characteristics of Type I device without a hole blocking layer, and analyzed the characteristics of Type II device using a hole blocking layer of BCP or BAlq materials with 30 ${\AA}$ thickness. We obtained the ITO having the work function value of 5.02 eV using $N_2$ plasma treatment method with the plasma power 200 W. Type I device structure was ITO/2-TNATA/$\alpha$-NPD/DPVBi/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al:Li, and type II device structure was ITO/2-TNATA/$\alpha$-NPD/DPVBi/HBL/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al:Li. We have analyzed the characteristics of Type I and Type II device. The characteristics of the device were most efficiency on occasion of using a hole blocking layer of BAlq material with 30 ${\AA}$ thickness. Current density was 226.75 $mA/cm^2$, luminance was 10310 $cd/m^2$, Current efficiency was 4.55 cd/A, power efficiency was 1.43 lm/W at an applied voltage of 10V. The maximum EL wavelength of the fabricated blue organic light-emitting device was 456nm. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for the EL spectra was 57nm. CIE color coordinates were x=0.1438 and y=0.1580, which was similar to NTSC deep-blue color with CIE color coordinates of x=0.14 and y=0.08.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.138-145
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• 2007

Luminous traffic safety mark is restricted to use only the place that has a thick fog, many night traffic accidents, limited field of view due to structure of road. Recently, LEDs are used for luminous traffic safety mark, but we propose an organic LED for a novel luminous traffic safety mark in the near future. The device structure was $ITO/2-TNATA(500{\AA})/{\alpha}-NPD(200{\AA})/DPVBi(300{\AA})/BCP(10{\AA})/Alq_3(200{\AA})/LiF(10{\AA})/Al:Li(1000{\AA})$. The characteristics of the device are most efficient on occasion of using $N_2$ gas plasma treatment. Current density is $240.71mA/cm^2$ luminance $10,550cd/m^2$, and current efficiency 3.53cd/A at an applied voltage of 10V. The maximum EL wavelength of the fabricated blue organic light-emitting device is 456nm. CIE color coordinates are x=0.1449 and y=0.1633, which is similar to NTSC deep-blue color with CIE color coordinates of x=0.14 and y=0.08.