• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.76-86
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• 2012

21st century has different characters from 20th century which was an era of machine and rationality based on the industrial revolution. With the advent of the digital revolution, it became an era of pluralism, culture, and emotion. The digital technology made it possible to connect the whole world together in real time and brought about the entirely new notion of time and space. It also dramatically altered the world view. Now we have a different set of social and cultural values from the past. This paper researched the influences of these social and cultural changes on public designs. The leading trends of public designs were analyzed and the successful cases were studied. The main research methodologies were the document review and the instrumental case study. The major social & cultural paradigms of a present era were classified as 'pluralism', 'digital & information revolution', 'human-centered value (against machine-centered value of 20th century)', and 'organic world view'. Each of the classified paradigms was analyzed more to find out the influences on the various trends of public designs. 'Pluralism' has influence on 'experiential public design', 'community art', and 'public design of local values'. 'Digital & information revolution' has influence on 'content-centered public design', 'smart public design', 'immaterial public design', and 'performance in public design'. 'Human-centered value' has influence on 'universal design approach in public design', and 'emotional public design'. 'Organic world view' has influence on 'sustainable public design', and 'ecological public design'.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.469-480
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to analyze the meaning and the value of the cultural collage expressed in men's fashion. As for the research methodology, literary research was under taken to study psychoanalytical and socioeconomic contexts in which cultural collage has been formed. In addition, demonstrative studies in men's fashion were undertaken through the analysis of pictures. The cultural collage is defined as a phenomena of making creativity by combining cultures which have no relevance. In psychological and sociological aspects, the rise of the cultural collage is caused by multinational corporation, pluralization of identity, information society, consumer oriented production, consumer society and inundation of kitsch. On the basis of the characteristics and social backgrounds of cultural collage, the aesthetic values of men's fashion can be explained by pluralism de-generalization and relativity.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.141-153
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• 2001

In the midst of rapid cultural and artistic changes with the turn of the century, postmodernism is exerting great influence on the value and trends of arts. many artists are making utmost efforts in order to overcome ambiguity and confusion caused by these changes. Analysis of the works and philosophy of prominent fashion designers provides insight into the influence of postmodernism to the creation of modern arts including fashion. This paper attempts to explore how pluralism, one o the most important features of postmodernism, has given impacted to the modern fashion design. fashion trend and works of Paco Rabanne were reviewed with particular emphasis on pluralistic expressions in his fashion creation. it was found that Paco Rabanne's diversified and innovative use of materials and design methods were possible due to the influence of pluralism. It is anticipated that this trend will e observed in the various forms of arts wit the further analysis of fashion designers and artists.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.6 s.111
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• pp.671-693
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• 2005

This paper is to explore critically environmentalism, especially in terms of environmental justice, suggested or implied in theory of liberalism which has been the ideological foundation of contemporary society. It begins with a brief look at liberal perspective in a broad sense, then interprets in-depth the classical liberalism of J. Locke, libertarianism (esp. R. Nozick) and utilitarianism (including cost-benefit analysis) from the environmental point of view. And finally it considers liberal pluralism and other alternative theories of pluralism, especially communitarianism (esp M. Walzer), postmodern pluralism (esp. I. Young), and cultural pluralism (esp. C. Taylor) in order to overcome limitations of liberal environmentalism and to find out some clues for theory of environmental justice. In conclusion, this paper argues that we need to transfer from liberalism (including liberal pluralism) to critical pluralism in oder to develop a proper understanding of environmental problems and to conceptualize a desirable theory of environmental justice.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.134-150
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• 2021

Dominant approaches to designing morally capable robots have been mainly based on rule-based ethical frameworks such as deontology and consequentialism. These approaches have encountered both philosophical and computational limitations. They often struggle to accommodate remarkably diverse, unstable, and complex contexts of human-robot interaction. Roboticists and philosophers have recently been exploring underrepresented ethical traditions such as virtuous, role-based, and relational ethical frameworks for designing morally capable robots. This paper employs the lens of ethical pluralism to examine the notion of role-based morality in the global context and discuss how such cross-cultural analysis of role ethics can inform the design of morally competent robots. In doing so, it first provides a concise introduction to ethical pluralism and how it has been employed as a method to interpret issues in computer and information ethics. Second, it reviews specific schools of thought in Western ethics that derive morality from role-based obligations. Third, it presents a more recent effort in Confucianism to reconceptualize Confucian ethics as a role-based ethic. This paper then compares the shared norms and irreducible differences between Western and Eastern approaches to role ethics. Finally, it discusses how such examination of pluralist views of role ethics across cultures can be conducive to the design of morally capable robots sensitive to diverse value systems in the global context.

• Korean Association of Arts Management
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• no.54
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• pp.5-31
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• 2020

This study has started from the political process of local community power structure to elaborate the reason why both a majority of cultural artists and cultural artist organizations want to be against establishing the local Foundation for Arts and Culture. The cultural artists and cultural artist organizations believe that the establishment of the local Foundation for Arts and Culture might threaten not only their monopolistic status or their livelihood in the local market relying on public supports, but also make them being marginalized from the potential supports. Therefore many of them have somewhat unfavourable opinions about its establishment. Drawing from the Jellabuk-do case, their concern of being isolated from the monopoly by the local Foundation for Arts and Culture are reduced to publicized discourses such as powerization, the lack of expertise, the loss of independence, and the fall of business. When constructing the Foundation for Arts and Culture, the major values are 'Pluralism' and 'Fairness'. On one hand, the terms of Fairness means that it should be fair in operations, support and executive composition. On the other hand, Pluralism means that policy-making rights should be distributed to various groups, not owned by some specific groups. Some plans for building Foundation for Arts and Culture are needed to make diverse classes and groups to expect the pluralistic interests emerged eventually.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.102-119
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• 2021

Social credit rating in China (SCRC) has been criticized as "dystopian" and "Orwellian," an attempt by the Communist Party to hold onto power by exerting ever greater control over its citizens. To explain such measures, value differences are often invoked, that Chinese value stability and cooperation over privacy and freedom. However, these explanations are oversimplifications that result in ethical impasses. This article argues social credit rating should be understood in terms of the commonly human problem of large-scale cooperation. To do so, this paper relies on a cultural evolutionary framework and is an exercise in interpretive pros hen ethical pluralism, attempting to understand how apparently irresolvable cultural differences stem from common human concerns. Wholesale condemnation of SCRC fails to acknowledge the serious, intractable nature of problems resulting from a lack of trust in China. They take for granted the existence of institutions ensuring largescale, anonymous cooperation characteristic of - but somewhat unique to - Western Educated Industrialized Rich and Democratic (WEIRD) cultures. Because of its history and rapid development, China lacks the institutions necessary to ensure such cooperation, and because of anti-social punishment, social credit rating might be one of the few ways to ensure cooperation at this scale. The point is not to defend social credit rating in general, but to raise the possibility of its defense in China and show one way this would be done.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2000

Pluralistic and diverse values exist in the realm of post modernism society. In this context, one particular outlook does not have the same meaning across the whole society. The creation and sharing of a new meaning do not necessarily need the consent of every member of the society. There have been a few attempts to delve into the relationship between sociocultural phenomenon and fashion trends in the pluralistic cultures. However, there has been little research on the theoretical framework in order to analyze a pluralistic phenomenon itself. The purpose of this study is to provide the theoretical paradigms to analyze and interpret various pluralistic phenomena in postmodernism fashion. Theories developed by Gilles Deleuze have been utilized to analyze and interpret the duct tape fashion which is in vogue among the young generation in the USA. The analysis based on the paradigm of Gilles indicates that the duct tape fashion shows pluralistic features of as in the other postmodern cultural activities.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.199-208
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• 2005

This study analysis if the concepts of kitsch and vernacular remains as cultural elements for product design. Because their function and aesthetic value have vivid possibilities for general product design fields. For the purpose, this study limits its range within post modernism, kitsch, and vernacular, and analyzes their relationships. Against functionalism, post modernism had cultural pluralisms to approach into popular styles, and some of them was amusing design. That post modernism designs stimulated human beings' emotion by decorations or some symbolic forms from specific objects is similar to the symbolism, regionalism, or pluralism of kitsch or vernacular. Kitsch is a free style that is not limited in any specific trends. It is a Meta culture that has influenced into various fields including design, so kitsch does not have a parallel position with a product or design. In product design, kitsch is the behavior and result of imitating existing objects' images. It could have amusement according to which objects are imitated. So if human beings feel amusement by kitsch, it could be same as the direction of post modernism. Kitsch is determined by design atmospheres. They cannot be specified abjectly, and can be different according to people. With symbolism and regionalism, kitsch and vernacular appeared according to people's needs. While kitsch is consumer's tastes-oriented, vernacular is cultural tradition-oriented. Kitsch has symbolism that specifies products' functions or design concepts, and it is a communication method between human being and products. Because vernacular is province-oriented, it has a lot of styles according to regional living environments and cultural differences. So vernacular design reflects continued traditional lifestyles. By restorative memory, regionalism, cultural pluralism, amusement, and symbolism, kitsch and vernacular could be understood the sub or parallel concepts of post modernism. They might be easily miss-understood mixed concepts that have western and national characters. But in kitsch and vernacular concept, modernizing pas by using the pluralism of post modernism should be considered positive. So, the range of the further study is also supposed to be focused on more widened fields to, to establish cultural identification in design.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.417-427
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• 2009

This article studies on the identity of Korean Culture and the direction of Korean culture contents. Our Korean society goes on to value-pluralism and cultural diversity. In this point, we need to confirm the identity of our Korean culture. And we meet with the crisis of Humanities. Humanities is the core of our culture. It is the key point to make identity of our Korean culture as cultural universality and to apply it to develop Korean culture contents for the revival of Humanities. The core contents of Korean culture lies in the ancient myth, the thought of Hwarang, Confucianism, Neo-Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, the practical thought, thought of Yangmyeong study and the thought of East study and so on. On the basis of these thoughts, the core of Korean culture are humanity, harmony, the spirit of Punglyu, thought of life- esteem, ethics of environment etc. I suggest that we can apply our cultural core ideas those I analyzed above to develop Korean culture contents in the fields of cinema, music, cartoon, animation, game, character, digitalization, cultivation of experience programs of Korean culture etc. In addition, I suggest their commercial application like e-learning and culture contents education.