• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.753-782
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• 2012

This paper attempts to look at how the question of cultural identity can be discussed in terms of which "a family of the minds" as a unit can be given meaningful form of interpretation. I found its real possibility in the James family, especially in Henry James Senior, William James, and Henry James Junior since they represent important cultural context reflecting their European relationship in terms of American cultural consciousness. This research is divided in two parts; the first part of this study consisted of the elder James's role as a source of moral aesthetic consciousness for the two children, the second part consisted of showing different aspects of inter-relationships between father and sons and between brothers in the process of identity construction. I examine different aspects of the identity formation process of William James and Henry James Junior by arguing different ways of making relationship with their father's philosophy to illuminate how they reflect and represent American cultural consciousness, and to define the meaning of the Jamesian mind in American cultural history.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.71
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• pp.52-74
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• 2015

The May 18 Democratic Movement has been considered to be specific case of the big deviation in social memory among the events that occurred after the Korea War. Compared with other events associated with the democratization movement, the May 18 Democratic Movement is special in that can be achieved various changed meaning. In this study, primary focus will be on the background and logics to show what changed the meaning of the May 18 Democratic Movement from the perspectives of the memorial project. And to investigate influences of change of meaning on perspectives and forms of memorial projects. Recognition and forms of memorial projects on the May 18 Democratic Movement had been largely changed around 2000s. Memorial projects were the aspects that are the logics of the social movements absorbed into the logics of the institutionalization before 2000s. During this period, it was done primarily the discourse of a holy ground for democracy and sanctuarization, had characterized the nature of the struggle of memory. After 2000s, the May 18 Democratic Movement has been interpreted historical resources to create a cultural city and a human rights city. Sometimes the May 18 Democratic Movement was appropriated by local development discourse, and sometimes was adopted as the material of differentiation strategy in the city. Form of memorial projects has also been changed type of struggle of memory to type of heritage industry.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2021

This paper investigates the process of change in the meaning of the term gongye (工藝) (nowadays it means craft) during Korea's transition to the modern era. The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty (朝鮮王朝實錄) will serve as the basis for the examination of pre-modern usage, and the Korea-United States Treaty of 1882 for the changes that occurred between the translation from Chinese and from Japanese following the opening of the port . After the port opened, the meaning of gongye, which once broadly referred to the wide range of work of people from different fields, was narrowed down to singularly represent the manufacturing industry. Following the example of Japan, the first East Asian country to succeed in modernization, this new meaning of gongye was generally used in the context of embracing Western culture and creating industry. As industrialization emerged as a national mission, and new terminology was needed to express these new concepts, the Chinese characters used by the Japanese to translate Western concepts were directly imported and used without making any changes. Gongye was similar in meaning to gongeop (工業) (nowadays it means industry) at the time, and the two terms were used interchangeably. However, following the Japanese annexation of Korea, the cultural administration of the Governor-General imbued the term with artistic concepts, and gongye was differentiated from gongeop, As such, examining the establishment of terminology and concepts can be helpful for understanding the contradictions and problems of the Korean crafts scene, which were derived from a period in the past called the modern era.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.382-396
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• 2016

This study explores 1) the cultural meanings that television beauty programs deliver, 2) the ways consumers consume TV beauty programs, and 3) the differences in the meaning of television beauty programs according to personality types. An Enneagram was used to define different personality types. The Enneagram explained personalities according to underlying core energies and was useful to grasp consumer behavior. Exploratory data were collected through in-depth interviews of fifteen women in their twenties who watched television beauty programs regularly. The personality types were classified according to three core energies: head-centered, heart-centered, or body-centered. The results were: First, television beauty programs were celebrity-focused, product-focused, and consumer-focused. They were found to help consumers improve their appearance in an appearance-oriented contemporary society by sharing appearance management information. Second, consumers consumed the products from television beauty programs as well as sought a "beautifully transformed self". Third, cultural meanings moved first from a culturally-constituted world to consumer goods through television beauty programs that then moved these goods to the individual consumer through symbolic consumption behavior along with grooming rituals, evaluation practices, appreciation practices, and accounting practices. Symbolic consumption behavior differed with personality type: heartcentered consumers transferred meaning through grooming rituals and appreciation practices, head-centered consumers through evaluation practices, and body-centered consumers through accounting practices.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze social, economic and cultural phenomena of the luxury brand in the viewpoint that the consumption system of the modern society stood for the sign consumption and the industrial production of difference as Baudrillard mentioned in the Consumer Society. The result was divided into the two subjects popularization and differentiation of luxury brand. Firstly the meaning of luxury brand was that the personal effects of consumption of king or aristocratic class who did not exist in the modern and were made into the selection and consumption-possible things of exchange value. The popularization of this sign was accelerated through TV drama. Secondly as differentiation strategy of luxury brand, was made by giving meaning to the life style concept of the upper class with advertisement and design, and also the logo of design was used as sign differentiated from people. Also the reason why the producer of the luxury brand gave meaning to such life style was that the awareness of the brand which people have consistently makes them consume more products. The consumption system of the modern society stood for the sign consumption, difference sign mark value which was the desire on a social meaning basis, not the consumption of things as used value. And the consumer could express his personality by selecting and consuming the product of luxury brand model made with this sign. Accordingly the distribution, purchase, sales and acquisition of the things with this difference sign were our verbal activity and linguistic code today, and it was the essential feature of the society, culture and economy of the consumer society.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.633-647
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to observe the symbolic meaning and the values of the costume which express bisexuality through the definition from a culture point of view. The research method is to contemplate the documentary records such as world history, art history and clothing history, and to recognize the symbolic meaning of a bisexuality in modern fashion design. A definition the word´man and woman´restricted the human being for a long time. This restrict is enforced by the costume, but this traditional fixed idea is retarded by the liberal sense of the human being and the design expresses a sex ambiguity This study inspects the sex ambiguity and the meaning of that through a cultural background and a historical costume. The results are as follows: The first, the cultural background about bisexuality is classified into the etymological point, the mythologic point. the art and philosophical point, the political and economic background, the mass media, and the custome and the regulation. A bisexuality is a concept in existence from ancient times. we have an open-minded attitude about bisexuality in the present than the past. The second, the function of costume is sex classification before 20th century, but since 20th century the costume expresses sex ambiguity. The third, the symbols of the bisexuality are the interminacy, the unity and the dismantling. The costume which expresses bisexuality means coexistence of male sex and female sex. this is a kind of motion to embody a ideal body of the human being. This study makes a contribution to recognize the dignity of human body and to understand the phenomenon of modern society.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2007

This study, as discussed herein, tries to understand how modern commercial buildings occur and develop in certain type of social and cultural conditions. There are many words standing for modern society, of which the most remarkable one is 'commercial society'. Commercial society is where goods are manufactured to one's taste and consumption is a way of communication and a way of discriminating one from the others by using different code. Nowadays, architecture gets more and more popular and becomes commercial object which is intended to the sign of the social meaning. So, the sign of commercial buildings varies according to the social and cultural backgrounds and kitsch is applicable to it. The original meaning of kitsch, which usually is considered an inferior copy of an existing style, is examined and applied to architecture in order for comprehension. Throughout this study, the types of commercial buildings are selected and immanent meaning to the psychology of consumers as applicable to commercial buildings is considered. Also, the trend of kitsch in commercial buildings is analyzed by classifying the image and code of a building's shape. In a conclusion of the study, two major points can be found; commercial building has a significant meaning in terms of design, and commercial building is the conceptual result of a continuous change in the relationship between society and art.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.364-371
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• 2012

I designed a dietary life kitchen utensils which is focused by the shape of split bamboo that has meaning of health and safety and the shaman who is the religion and incantation performer, and who solve problems, which are impossible to solve in common methods, by borrowing the power and granting the meaning which is connected with transcendent existence and principal. Having closest relation with human being's diet culture is being changed with adding beauty instead of the part of simple practical aspect in our normal life. I tried to show incantation effect with keeping the characteristic of kitchen utensils by granting the symbolic meaning of shamanism which is the shelter that is projected the desire of human beings. the materials were produced of an ebony and steel and varnished with lacquer for coloring. For hand shape, which is hard to treat in irregular forms, the religious image of shamanism was formed by casting which expresses the touch of an ebony and the cold characteristic of metal. an overall design doesn't detail excessively distort or largely transform the form of dietary utensils, keeps its individuality, and emphasizes the image by figuring a grip part which a human can see and a body can approach. in addition, I try to show a point that shamanism has affected human life for long time and symbolic meaning of bamboo-shape shows health and safety. And these things vest with each dietary life tools and should be the role of enzyme about the effect of human life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.1 s.139
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• pp.114-123
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to see how Korean American people use and negotiate appearance in the US. 22 Korean American women at the age of 20s to 50s were interviewed and the verbatim texts from the interviews were interpreted. Discourses on appearance style followed by consumer stories such as American vs. Korean culture, gender, class, generation as well as personal background were recorded. The results of this study revealed that Korean Americans had diverse interpretations about their appearance and styling to fit the condition of their everyday lives. Korean immigrants did not simply assimilate dominant culture over time but maintained transcultural identities depending on contexts. This study showed that researches dealing with cultural variables could have more insights about personal experiences and social meaning processes through interpretative approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.145-162
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• 2001

This study focuses on how fashion products of our contemporary society of consumption are taking on a kitsch look, and on what kind of social and cultural meanings this phenomenon connotate. In general, kitsch is understood as an expression with a negative meanings such as aesthetic inadequacy or bad tastes. In our dairy life however kitsch has been highlighted as an another expressions of subjective beauty and gains positive meaning as almost all the people satisfy their desires through consumption of kitsch products. In order to prove the kitsch phenomenon in fashion products and social and cultural meanings, the researcher has Performed a case study on actual consumption of fashion products and the internal psychological meanings in fashion consumption. The internal psychological meanings of kitsch on consumption of fashion products are emotions and needs such as escape from reality. substitutional satisfaction, belonging confirmation, expression of individual taste, and fun, sexual amusements.