• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.48-63
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• 2011

Digital makeup(DM), depending upon computer graphic softwares, is applied to various fields, e.g. character works in movie and game industries and visual printouts in printing works. Focused on makeup field, DM is extremely conducive to developing, scientizing and informationalizing makeup patterns. Despite of unlimited potential of DM of which market size has been growing day by day, its practical use by domestic makeup experts and educators is much less active than expected as far, due to the lack of knowledge accumulation. The purpose of this study is to suggest some theoretical frameworks to generalize DM techniques and analyze two cases using the frames therefore support academicians' recent efforts to theorize DM techniques. The study 1) defines and categorizes the concepts of DM and DFX(digital special effect); 2) reviews the literature relevant to DM and generalizes the types and methods of DM techniques; 3) applies general frames to analyzing two movie cases, famous for their DM effects; 4) then suggests, based upon analytical results, some efficient ways for makeup experts to use DM techniques in practice. This study contributes to providing the theoretical grounds to conceptualize DM thus broadening makeup artists' interests in DM and awakening the scholarly concerns in cultural technology including DM.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2003

Just as costumes reflect the spirit of the time, hair styles echo the social changes and even facilitate them, being used as a means of communication. In short, hair styles reflect the cultural life of the time dynamically. In our modern times, fashion is moving very fast, and such a phenomenon is more conspicuous in hair styles. While individuals are eager to pursue their own individuality, hair styles play a leading role in fashion, excelling the costumes. In this sense, we need to note that hair styles may be related with individual, social and psychological factors. As people are more interested in hair colors, the scope of hair color selection becomes wider. People visit beauty shops to have their hair colors changes rather than have their hairs cut. Selection of a hair color seems to be deeply related with individuals' psychological states. Since hair colors have much effects on their facial images, hair designers need to have an empathy with their customers. Each person has his or her own unique image, and his/her selection of hair colors is affected much by external environment as well as his/her traits. With such basic assumptions in mind, this study was aimed at analyzing the preferences of hair colors by those in their 20's, 30's and 40's who are more interested in their hair colors. To this end, their preferences of or tendencies for hair colors were surveyed by sex, age group and job.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2011

Today, construction fence screens which were understood simply as structures of separating people from the dangers of construction sites have evolved into landmarks to enhance the images of Cities. Now, construction fence screens should have the function as landmarks stimulating people's sensibility through providing aesthetic values as well as the function of protecting people from the dangers of fields of construction. For this reason, this study tried 1) to show the relationships among these 4 classifications. is 4 realms of Human Beings - Cultural - Ecological - Digital in the expression methods of the construction fence screens of Seoul and 2) to simplify the characteristic elements of construction fence screens by way of extracting with Ecology, Installation Art, Symbolic, Commercial Expression. This study examined whether or not the construction fence screens of Seoul were playing the role as landmarks stimulating people's sensibility with sustainable improvement to the environment of Seoul as public design structures, by investigating some of the construction fence screens of Seoul. Also through analyzing the diversity of expression methods of the construction fence screens of other local governments as well as those of Seoul, we hope that they will be the public structures for enhancing the images of Cities.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.13
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• pp.167-201
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to provide the information for the developing rational curriculum that is necessary in the socio-cultural situation by comparativing and analyzing the library and information science education of India and Pakistan. The conclusions of the study can be summarized as follows: 1) It is desirable that Master's degree course and M. Phil. program in India, Post-graduate diploma course and Master's degree course in Pakistan should be integrated as Master's degree course. 2) It is desirable that the duration of Master's degree course should be extended. 3) The variously expressed papers that represented the same subject or content should be unified. 4) In Bachelor's level, India establishes the various papers of library and information science, but Pakistan offers largely the core papers. 5) It is desirable that papers of historical research, progressive reference service, and information science should established, and introductory papers should be united in introduction to library and information science. 6) In Master's degree course, Indian curriculum is more up-to-date and pertinent than Pakistan's. 7) Each university should establish the papers of types of libraries standing for characteristic of his university, and harmonize library science and information science. 8) The reason that curricula of two countries are different from each other is due to lack of inter-university cooperation and standard of curriculum, therefore it is required a continuing research and effort to su n.0, pplement and reorganize the curriculum.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

Pungsu theory is one of the main factor influenced on the traditional village and house in Korea. Regarding the fact that a real effect of pungsu on the formation of traditional village and house, Study with a view of Pungsu theory could be a good method for deeply understanding the traditional architecture in Korea. In this context, this study analyzes the Gim, Hang Mug's house which is designated no. 136 as an important folk cultural heritage, located in 20, Chilseong-ro $4^{th}$ street, Chilseong-myon, Goesan-gun Chungbuk province. The analysis of the site and space lay-out is carried out by Yong(Dragon), Hyoel(Auspicious Spot), Sa(Sands), Su(Water) aspects of the Pungsu(Fengshui) Hyungsei-ron. Through the study, I find that there are many efforts to preserve the auspicious energy and minimize the negative influence from the transformed process from the early lay out of house to upper class residence having many attached buildings by laying out buildings after carefully observing and analyzing surrounding geographical features according to Pungsu theory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the basic data for the active use of closed schools by analyzing the actual conditions of closed schools in Gyeongnam area. As a method of this study, we examined the population change in Gyeongnam area through the literature survey and the internet site survey, and grasped the characteristics of the policies related to the closed school. Through the homepage survey of the local education financial alerts, we analyzed the contents, location, period after the closure, land area, and total floor area of the closed schools that have been in use or invaluable as of March 2017. As the results, In the case of self-utilization, the utilization rate of educational facilities was overwhelmingly high. In the case of lease utilization, the utilization ratio was higher in the order of education facilities, income increase facilities, and cultural facilities. Overall, 62.8% of the closed schools are located in the base towns (urban areas). The average of the period after the closure was 16.2 years, the land area average was $9,291.1m^2$, and the total area average was $1,153.8m^2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

Decadence is a phenomenon that people express fear from their inside, so unsound aspects appear in the social culture when the existing society is about to be collapsed. This study covered the cultural and aesthetic meaning and the role of decadence by examining the concept and phenomenon of it and analyzing the real case of expression appeared in the modern fashion. Characteristics of decadent phenomenon were divided into sexual corruption, ideality, cynicism and extreme technique, and decadent expression appeared in the fashion images was examined based on the divided phenomenon. Main results are as fellows. People bring the incidents that animals go through into relief, sticking to animal instinct when the society is on the decline. At that time, sexual decadence becomes remarkable, so voyeurism by exposure in their dress is deepen, revealing abnormal sexual propensity with bisexual tendency and sexual perversion. The real facts and appearance of people are revealed by transforming and distorting bodies for the fear of humans inside suppressed in the fin-de-siecle mood. The sense of alienation and helplessness of people anxious about the future is developed to cynicism expressing the uncertain emotion in their dress, and the formative methods of dismantlement. destruction and abrasion appear to form sickly images in the gloomy and cold mood. The intention of affirmative decadence is realized by mixing heterogeneous styles and producing new things. Extreme decorative technique and gorgeousness are even mysterious and show the highest refinement.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.74-82
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• 2004

Urbanization created by modernization and industrialization has brought tremendous growth of hotel demand with city ' development such as population’s centralization, living environment changes, consumption emphasis, and internationalization. Moreover, the hotel industry has been developed in two ways. First, it has been diversified and popularized by hotel culture. Second, the hotel industry has been upgraded form focusing oh its specific targets. In the view of Hotel design, Hotel was shown as a social and cultural value. Customer can experience the space, not normal big sizes, but being new and reflecting trends regardless of any purposes or locations. The hotels that were resulted in development of American economy and construction since the 1980 had new design concepts. These hotels were one of the examples showing pluralism requiring on modern society. In the case of Korea, Korean Architect Company have built in copying or repacked western hotel without considering Korean local conditions. Korean company just tried to make large scales, high-story buildings, and chain hotels. Nevertheless, it is the current trend to understand the customer's sensitivity and viewpoint by introducing a new style of hotel management that requires variety and different characteristics of hotel design. Therefore, the purpose of this study presents a direction of the future hotel architecture by analyzing design characters of domestic and international hotels, by collecting various consumer's requests.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.122-141
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• 1999

Groupware is a new emerging research field, involving increasing numbers of institutions in the USA, Europe, and Asia such as Korea and Japan, etc., as an interdisciplinary research and development area with a strong computer science component. It grew from fairly unsystematic attempts by various developers to generate software that would increase the competence of people working together. This in turn was partly a response to: failures of and problems inherited from Office Automation and Management Information System ; some sociological intuitions about ways people might work together; and a search for uses of new interfacing, networking, and multi-media technologies. In this paper, groupware that has been configured to meet the needs of groups at work is defined as computer-based systems which support working groups of people engaged in common task in a shared environment. The basic concepts, origin, and historic research of the groupware are described. Specially, groupware relies on the approaches and contributions of many disciplines in computer science as well as sociology that is concerning human, social, and cultural activities. So, nine key disciplines of them upon which successful groupware depends are described briefly. Some state-of-the-art implementations and developments are reviewed through classifying and analyzing the current available groupware applications in the field or market.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2016

In the modern society, social activities of married women are increasing along with the economic growth, which leads to low birth rates of the situation where most people give birth to only one or two children. Korea in particular records one of the lowest birth rates among many other nations of the world. Despite the situation where overall industrial consumer economy is not good, baby goods market is becoming more luxurious and diversified, and its scale is also growing. Desires of young parents in their 20s and 30s for their children leads to consumption desires of luxurious baby goods, and despite the fact that their taste level rises by easily gaining access to immense baby information via the Internet, our nation's baby furniture market is unreasonably lacking the ability to satisfy the needs of such consumers. Furniture culture of our nation today is based on the stand-up culture of the West. However, analyzing the life culture inside our homes, stand-up and sit-down cultures of the West and the East are coexisting complexly. Such life pattern can be more easily found in households with babies. As such, baby furniture that satisfies our unique life culture and has quality, design and price competitiveness is desperately needed. In such market state, this study is expected to make economic and cultural accomplishments by focusing on the newly embossing baby furniture market and developing products, delivering them to consumers to open new markets and developing into an industry.