• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제27권3호
• /
• pp.232-341
• /
• 2011

Pink snow mold, caused by Microdochium nivale, is a major disease on cool season turfgrasses in golf courses in northern Unites States. The relative susceptibility of 17 commercial cultivars of three bentgrass species (creeping, colonial and velvet bentgrass) to Microdochium nivale and the aggressiveness of M. nivale eight isolates obtained from infected turfgrasses on golf courses in Wisconsin were evaluated under controlled conditions. For the field trial, susceptibility of 2 year-old 12 commercial bentgrass cultivars was evaluated after inoculating three M. nivale isolates in the fields. There were significant differences in disease severities among the three bentgrass species, particularly between tetraploids (creeping and colonial) and diploid (velvet) species, and among cultivars within each species, indicating that there are varying levels of susceptibility in species and cultivars to M. nivale. Host resistance by days of cold hardening was confirmed, by detecting the resistance by 30 days of cold hardening treatments. In field trial, susceptibility of 12 bentgrass cultivars was highly correlated to the results obtained from growth chamber experiments. The positive correlation of the susceptibility between growth chamber experiments and field trials demonstrates that the growth chamber method is a useful technique for saving time, space and labor to evaluate efficiently pink snow mold susceptibility of bentgrass cultivars. This study could be applied to evaluating susceptibility of bentgrass to pink snow mold and also predicting a prospective evaluation of bentgrass cultivars to pink snow mold in fields in a breeding program.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제62권1호
• /
• pp.40-50
• /
• 2017

Seed storage proteins are used as carbon and nitrogen sources for the nutritional improvement of seeds. Since the composition of proteins from the Korean cultivars of proso millet is unknown, this study was conducted to obtain a reference map of millet seed proteins and identify the functional characteristics of the identified proteins. Proteins extracted from proso millet seeds of various cultivars were investigated using proteomic techniques such as 2-D electrophoresis coupled with mass fingerprinting; 1152 (differentially expressed) protein spots were detected on the 2-D gels. Among them, 26 reproducible protein spots were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Out of the 26 proteins, 2 proteins were upregulated in all the millet cultivars, while 13 proteins were upregulated and 11 proteins were downregulated in 2 cultivars. Abundance of most of the identified protein species associated with polysaccharide and starch metabolism, transcription, and pathogenesis was significantly enhanced, while that of other protein species involved in glycolysis, stress response, and transduction was severely reduced. Taken together, the results suggest that the differential expression of the proteins from the four millet cultivars may be cultivar-specific. By conducting a proteomic investigation of millet seeds from different cultivars, we sought to better understand the functional categorization of individual proteins on the basis of their molecular functions. We believe that the identified proteins may help in investigating genetic variations in millet cultivars.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2007

The protein profiles among Korean rice cultivars were assessed by total protein determination, solubility fractionation, SDS-PAGE analysis and scanning densitometry. In the extraction of protein, the SDS/urea system at a neutral pH was more efficient than that at alkaline pH. The determination of total protein showed that the protein content was similar among cultivars, ranging from 87.9 to 92.7 mg/g dry weight. Additionally, the water/NaCl-soluble protein fraction, containing 14${\sim}$16 kDa albumin and 22 kDa globulin ${\alpha}$-globulin, was also similar among cultivars, with a range of 9.94 to 11.98 mg/g dry weight. The SDS-PAGE/densitometry of total protein showed that there was no discernable difference in proteins of higher molecular weights among various cultivars, whereas the amount of lower molecular weight proteins (14${\sim}$16 kDa) is somewhat variable among cultivars. Furthermore, SDS-PAGE analysis of water/NaCl-soluble and propanol-soluble fractions indicates that there is a discernible change in the content of albumin, globulin or prolamin among cultivars. Thus, the PAGE/densitometry method, preceded by solubility fractionation, is useful for examining differences in protein profiles of rice cultivars.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.244-244
• /
• 2017

Soil salinity due to accumulation of salts particularly sodium chloride affects agricultural lands and their vegetation. Generally, rice is a moderately sensitive plant with some cultivars with varying tolerance to salinity. Though there are physiological differences between salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars, both are still affected especially during high salinity and prolonged exposure. This also ultimately affects their indigenous bacterial endophytes particularly those that inhabit the rice seed endosphere. This study investigates the dynamic structure of seed bacterial endophytes of salt-sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars grown in different levels of soil salinity. Endophytic bacterial diversity was studied Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis. Results revealed a very interesting pattern of diversity and shifts in community structure of bacterial endophytes in the rice seeds. There is a general decrease in diversity for the salt-sensitive rice cultivar, IR29 as soil salinity increases. For the salt-tolerant cultivars, IC32 and IC37, diversity interestingly increased at moderate salinity then decreased at high soil salinity. The patterns of community structure is also strikingly different for the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. IR29 has a more even distribution of abundance, but under soil salinity, the community shifted where Curtobacterium, Pantoea, Flavobacterium and Microbacterium become the more dominant bacterial communities. For IC32 and IC37, the dominant bacterial groups under normal stress conditions were also the dominant bacterial groups during salt stress conditions. Their seed bacterial community is dominated by endophytes belonging to Microbacterium, Flavobacterium, Pantoea, Kosakonia and Enterobacter. Stenotrophomonas and Xanthomonas have not changed in terms of abundance under different salinity stress level in the salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant rice cultivars. This study showed that soil salinity greatly influenced the seed bacterial communities of rice seeds irrespective of their physiological tolerance to salinity.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.163-166
• /
• 2007

Diurnal changes in levels of endogenous gibberellins(GAs) were investigated in three rice cultivars i.e. Sangjubyeo, Shingeumobyeo(photo-neutral) and Chucheongbyeo(photosensitive). The rice cultivars were grown under a 12-hr photoperiod and endogenous GA levels were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS-SIM) every 3 h for 24 h. The endogenous bioactive $GA_1$ and its immediate precursor $GA_{20}$ contents were significantly different in both photosensitive and photo-neutral rice cultivars, though less pronounced differences were observed for endogenous $GA_{12},\;GA_{53},\;GA_{19}$, and $GA_8$ levels with in the three rice cultivars. The levels of bioactive $GA_1$ and its immediate precursor $GA_{20}$ were significantly higher in Chucheongbyeo than in the other two cultivars. In Chucheongbyeo, the $GA_1$ contents increased significantly from 11.00 to 17.00 o'clock, thus indicating a correlation with light. In Shingeumobyeo, $GA_1$ contents slightly increased during morning hours, while a similar hike in $GA_1$ contents was observed for Sangjubyeo during evening hours. $GA_{19}$ was found to be the most abundant GA form in the three rice cultivars. Our results suggested that GA production in rice depends upon the response potential of rice cultivars and that light positively correlated to GA production in photosensitive rice cultivar.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.95-98
• /
• 2011

국내 당근 유기재배를 위한 저항성 품종 선발을 목적으로 한 실험에서는 당근 유전자원 32품종을 이용하여 병저항성(흰가루병, 검은무늬병, 검은잎마름병) 검정, 내충성 및 추대 정도를 조사하였다. 흰가루병 스크리닝 결과 'PI 223360'이 저항성이었으며, 'Oxheart Carrot Heirloom'를 포함한 10개의 품종이 중도저항성이었고 'Long Impeator #58'을 포함한 22품종이 감수성인 것으로 나타났다. 당근 검은무늬병과 검은잎마름병의 스크리닝 결과 모든 품종이 저항성을 나타내진 않았지만, 몇몇 품종이 중도저항성을 가진 것으로 확인되었다. 내충성을 조사한 결과 'Oxheart Carrot Heirloom'를 포함한 13품종이 내충성인 것으로 조사되었으며, 'Nantes Coreless Carrot'을 포함한 11개의 품종들이 중간정도를 나타냈으며 'SA 102'와 'Scarlet Keeper Carrot Rare'은 감수성인 것으로 조사되었다. 추대조사 결과에서는 'Hongsim Ouchon Carrot'을 포함한 6개의 품종이 이른 추대를 보였으며, 'Japanese Imperial Long Carrot'를 포함한 4개 품종이 중간 추대를 나머지는 만추대성인 것을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과를 근거로 'Oxheart Carrot Heirloom'이 조사한 32개 당근 유전자원 중 유기재배를 위한 품종으로 선발되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제16권3호
• /
• pp.130-136
• /
• 2000

Differences in physiological and biochemical responses between sensitive and tolerant rice cultivars to ozone were investigated to develop reliable indications of early ozone damage. Three Korean local rice cultivars -sen-sitive cultivar Dongjin (DJ), moderately tolerant cultivar Hwayeong (HY) and tolerant cultivar Ilmee (IM) were exposed to ozone at the concentrations of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ or 200 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ , 8 h per day for 10 days in a controlled-environment fumigation chamber. The rice cultivars seemed to be endurable to ozone stress at the concentration of 100 nl $\textrm{l}^{-1}$ which is frequently monitored during the growing season in summer. However, severe damage was induced and differential sensitivity was clearly noted among the rice cultivars at the higher ozone concentration. Activation of the glutathion (GR) -ascorbate peroxidase (APX) cycle was likely to be responsible for protection of rice plants against ozone exposure, relating difference in sensitivity of rice cultivars to ozone. Photosynthetic activity appeared to be one of sensitive responses, for which chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf greenness can together provide a very reliable index, a degree of photosynthetic damages by ozone. Formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) was also considered as an indication that can differentiate cultivars sensitivity to ozone. However, the changes in polyamines and total phenolics were not consistent with exposed ozone concentrations and/or ozone sensitivity of the cultivars. The behavior of polyamines and phenolics in the damaged plants at high ozone levels could be interpreted as an indication of ozone injury rather than activation of additional protection mechanisms scavenging active oxygen species formed by ozone. Several responses triggered by ozone could explain the differential sensitivity of the rice cultivars and be used as reliable indications of relative ozone damage to rice plant.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.563-569
• /
• 2007

RAPD analysis showed that all the OTUs of 'Sandolbae' were the same species because amplified band patterns of all samples generated by each of 5 random primers were identical. Even though there were different environmental conditions, all the "Chuiangne" trees from three different places were the same species, and also all the "Cheongshilli" trees were the same species too. No genetic variations were detected between native Korean pears grown in the habitats and in the research field. Because 212 polymorphic bands were generated by 9 primers selected through primer screening, they were possible to analyze genetic relationship among naturally growing three native Korean pears and nine cultivars of Pyrus pyrifolia and P. communis. Based on the RAPD analysis, three main groups were formed. The first group represented the Six P. pyrifoia cultivars, the second group was the three native Korean pears, and the last group was the three P. communis cultivars. Genetic distance between 'Wonwhang' and 'Chojuro' was closer than other cultivars in group 1 since dissimilarity index value between these two cultivars was 50.82. However, genetic distance between 'Niitaka' and 'Chojuro' was the most distant compared to the others in group 1. In group 2, 'Sandlobae' was genetically closer to 'Chuiangne' than 'Cheongshilli' because dissimilarity index value between 'Sandlobae' and 'Chuiangne' was smaller, 50.82, than the value between 'Sandlobae' and 'Cheongshilli', 63.636. In group 3, 'Old Home' was genetically closer to 'Bartlett' than 'Kaiser Alexander(or Bosc)'. Group 3 composed of P. communis cultivars was genetically further than other two groups, P. pyrifolia cultivars and native Korean pears.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 1999

유색미인 흑진주벼 등 5종, 일반미인 동진벼, 향미인 향남벼을 대상으로 이들 품종의 현미 중에 함유된 지방질의 함량과 지방질의 조성을 비교 연구하였다. 1. 총지방질 함량은 건물기준으로 2.04 - 4.68%로 Tohoku 149호, 한산흑미, 상해향혈라 순으로 많았고 흑남벼, 향남벼와 동진벼에서는 비교적 적었으며 그들간에는 차이가 없었다. 2. 총지방질의 조성은 sterol ester & hydrocarbon, triglyceride, free fatty acid, diglyceride, free sterol 등 5종이 동정되었다. 그중 triglyceride의 비율이 가장 높았고 그 다음으로 diglyceride 와 free sterol의 비율이 높았다. 일반미와 유색미 및 향미간에 비교했을때 triglyceride의 비율은 향미와 유색미가 일반미보다 낮은 반면 diglyceride의 비율은 향미와 유색미에서 일반미인 동진벼에 비해 월등히 높았다. 3. 총지방질 중 지방산 조성은 모든 품종 다같이 linoleic acid, oleic acid 및 palmitic acid가 주된 지방산이었고 linolenic, stearic acid은 소량이 함유되어 있었으며, erucic acid는 일반미인 동진벼에는 함유되어 있지 않았다. 양적으로 많은 지방산을 품종별로 비교해 보면 oleic acid는 한산흑미가 41%로 가장 많았고, 그외 품종은 32-37% 범위이었다. 또한 linoleic adid 향남벼와 상해향혈라는 각각 37%그외 품종은 32 - 36%의 범위이었다.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제45권4호
• /
• pp.779-787
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the structural and physicochemical properties of starch by barely cultivars. Hwanggeumchal had a moisture content and ${\beta}$-glucan content of 12.02 and 6.23%, respectively. Hyegang had higher protein contents than those of the other cultivars. As a result of observing the particle size of starch, Hwanggeumchal and Hyegang had smaller particles of starch compared with the other cultivars at 15.7 and $15.9{\mu}m$, respectively. The analysis results on the content of damaged starch showed that Dahan and Hyegang had a damaged starch content of 1.14 and 1.20%, whereas Boseokchal and Hwanggeumchal were 0.76 and 0.49% respectively, showing low waxy cultivars. As for the content of amylose, the results show that Dahan and Hyegang had an amylose content of 37.07 and 37.75%, and Boseokchal and Hwanggeumchal were at 11.22 and 37.75%, respectively. As for the degree of amylopectin polymerization, all four cultivars had the highest degree of polymerization (DP) content of 13 - 24 at more than 54%, whereas the DP content ${\geq}37$ was the lowest at less than 5.35%. The results for the soluble and resistant starch content show that the content of soluble starch ranged from 93.90 to 95.76%, and resistant starch was 0.17 - 0.40%. After analyzing the gelatinization properties of barley starch, the value of the setback was low in Hwanggeumchal and Hyegang; thus, it is considered that the aging process of those cultivars will be slower than that of the others.