• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2007

Stable metallic Cu/Zn nanoparticles were prepared in the base oil phase by hydrothermal method. The physical properties, such as crystal structure, crystallite size and crystallinity according to synthesis conditions have been investigated by XRD, FT-IR and TEM. In addition, 4-ball test has been performed in order to investigate the frictional wear properties of prepared nanosized Cu/Zn particles. The peaks of the X-ray diffraction pattern indicate that the particle size was very small and crystallinity of Cu/Zn particles was good. The micrographs of TEM showed that nanosized Cu/Zn particles possessed a spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution. The crystallite size of the Cu/Zn particles synthesized in base oils was 23-30 nm. It was found that the antiwear capacity increases with increasing Cu/Zn concentration. When the concentration of Cu/Zn was 5.0 wt%, the wear scar diameters was 0.38 mm.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1999

The variety of crystalline structure and mechanical properties of PP filament treated with dry heat treatment at different draw ratio has been studied. Crystalline structure and mechanical properties of annealed PP filament at different draw ratio has been examined by XRD, UTM, and density method. Heat treatment has been carried out $100^{\circ}C$, $120^{\circ}C$ $140^{\circ}C$ for 30min. in dry oven. From the results of this study, it found the following facts. It was found that the crystallinity and crystallite size of (110) plane of sample were increased with increasing of annealed temperature and draw ratio. The crystalline form of annealed sample which was undrawn showed ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$ mixing form below $120^{\circ}C$ and showed ${\alpha}$ form at $140^{\circ}C$. But the crystalline form of annealed sample which was drawn showed ${\alpha}$ form at $120^{\circ}C$. Initial modulus and tensile strength were increased with increasing of annealing temperature, and the degree of orientation was decreased with decreasing of annealing temperature.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.126-131
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• 2018

In the present study, we investigate the effects of milling time and the addition of a process control agent (PCA) on the austenite stability of a nanocrystalline Fe-7%Mn alloy by XRD analysis and micrograph observation. Nanocrystalline Fe-7%Mn alloys samples are successfully fabricated by spark plasma sintering. The crystallite size of ball-milled powder and the volume fraction of austenite in the sintered sample are calculated using XRD analysis. Changes in the shape and structure of alloyed powder according to milling conditions are observed through FE-SEM. It is found that the crystallite size is reduced with increasing milling time and amount of PCA addition due to the variation in the balance between the cold-welding and fracturing processes. As a result, the austenite stability increased, resulting in an exceptionally high volume fraction of austenite retained at room temperature.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.220-225
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• 2012

YAG:Ce yellow phosphor particles were synthesized by spray pyrolysis with changing the solution properties and their luminous properties, crystal structure, and morphological changes were studied by using PL measurement, XRD, and SEM analysis. It was clear that the solution properties significantly affected the crystal phase, crystallite size, the PL intensity, and the morphology of YAG:Ce particles. At low calcination temperature, the addition of urea only to the spray solution was helpful to form a pure YAG phase without any impurity phases, as the result, the highest luminescence intensity was achieved at the calcination temperature of $900^{\circ}C$. When the calcination temperatures were larger than $1300^{\circ}C$, however, the YAG particles prepared without any additive showed the highest luminescent intensity. Regardless of the solution conditions, the emission intensity of YAG:Ce particles prepared by spray pyrolysis showed a linear relation with the crystallite size. In terms of the morphology of YAG:Ce particles, the addition of both DCCA and $NH_4OH$ to the spray solution was effective to prepare a spherical and dense structured YAG particles.

• Carbon letters
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• 제21권
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

Isotropic pitch-based fibers produced from coal tar pitch with the melt-blowing method were carbonized at temperatures ranging from 800 to $1600^{\circ}C$ to investigate their crystalline structure and physical properties as a function of the carbonization temperature. The in-plane crystallite size ($L_a$) of the carbonized pitch fiber from X-ray diffraction increased monotonously by increasing the carbonization temperature resulting in a gradual increase in the electrical conductivity from 169 to 3800 S/cm. However, the variation in the $d_{002}$ spacing and stacking height of the crystallite ($L_c$) showed that the structural order perpendicular to the graphene planes got worse in carbonization temperatures from 800 to $1200^{\circ}C$ probably due to randomization through the process of gas evolution; however, structural ordering eventually occurred at around $1400^{\circ}C$. For the carbonized pitch powder without stabilization, structural ordering perpendicular to the graphene planes occurred at around $800-900^{\circ}C$ indicating that oxygen was inserted during the stabilization process. Additionally, the shear stress that occurred during the melt-blowing process might interfere with the crystallization of the CPF.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.351-356
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• 2005

Nanoscale Al powder with thin layer of alumina was produced by Wire Electric Explosion (WEE) process. Spark-Plasma Sintering (SPS) was performed for the produced powder to confirm the effectiveness of SPS like so-called 'surface-cleaning effect' and so on. Crystallite size and alumina content of produced powder varied with the ratio of input energy to sublimation energy of Al wire ($e/e_s$): Increase in ($e/e_s$) resulted in the decrease of crystallite size and the increase of alumina content. Shrinkage curve during SPS process showed that the oxide surface layer could not be destroyed near the melting point of Al. It implied that there was not enough or no spark-plasma effect during SPS for Al/Alumina powder.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.344-353
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• 2018

Plasma electrolytic oxidation of Ti-25Ta-xHf alloy in electrolyte containing Ca and P for dental implants was investigated using various experimental techniques. Ti-25Ta-xHf (x=0 and 15 wt.%) alloys were manufactured in an arc-melting vacuum furnace. Micropores were formed in PEO films on Ti-25Ta-xHf alloys in 0.15 M calcium acetate monohydrate + 0.02 M calcium glycerophosphate at 240 V, 270 V and 300 V for 3 min, respectively. The microstructure of Ti-25Ta-xHf alloys changed from (${\alpha}^{\prime}+{\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$) phase to (${\alpha}^{{\prime}{\prime}}+{\beta}$) phase by addition of Hf. As the applied potential increased, the number of pore and the area ratio of occupied by micro-pore decreased, whereas the pore size increased. The anatase phase increase as the applied potential increased. Also, the crystallite size of anatase-$TiO_2$ can be controlled by applied voltage.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

The preparation and catalytic activities of various transition metal carbide crystallites (VC, MoC, WC) were examined in this study. In particular, the effect of different kinds of transition metal crystallites were scrutinized on the ammonia decomposition reaction. The experimental results showed that BET surface areas ranged from $8.3m^2/g$ to $36.3m^2/g$ and oxygen uptake values varied from $9.1{\mu}mol/g$ to $25.4{\mu}mol/g$. Amongst prepared transition metal carbide crystallites, tungsten compounds (WC) were observed to be most active for ammonia decomposition reaction. The main reason for these results were considered to be related to the extent of electronegativity between these materials. Most of transition metal carbide crystallites were exceeded by Pt/C crystallite. However, the steady state reactivities for some of transition metal carbide crystallites (WC) were comparable to or even higher than that determined for the Pt/C crystallite.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2002

촉매로 사용한 HCl 농도를 달리하여 TiO$_2$ 졸(T1-0.7N, T2-2.ON)을 제조하고, 졸-겔 침지코팅법을 이용하여 TiO$_2$ 박막을 제작하였으며, 각 박막의 열처리 온도에 따른 박막의 구조적 및 광학적 특성을 측정.분석하였다. X-선 회절분석 결과 T1박막의 경우, 400-80$0^{\circ}C$의 열처리 온도에서는 아나타제 결정상을 나타내었고, 100$0^{\circ}C$에서는 루타일 결정상을 나타내었다. T2 박막의 경우, 루타일 결정상이 보다 낮은 열처리 온도인 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 나타났다. 그리고 박막의 결정성은 T2 박막이 T1 박막보다 우수하였다. 열처리 온도가 증가함에 따라 박막의 결정 크기는 증가하였으며, T2 박막의 경우 아나타제 결정의 크기는 T1 박막보다 크며 루타일 결정의 크기는 작은 것으로 측정되었다. 박막의 표면 상태는 루타일 결정상을 지닌 박막이 아나타제 결정상을 지닌 박막보다 치밀하게 형성되어졌고, 이러한 현상은 T2박막에서 보다 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 100$0^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 박막은 300~700nm의 파장영역에서 결정상 전이에 의한 밴드갭 에너지의 변화와 박막의 조성변화로 인한 흡수의 발생, 그리고 입자의 크기 증가에 의한 산란효과로 투과율의 감소를 초래하였다. 제조된 박막의 굴절률은 열처리 온도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 두께와 porosity는 감소하였다. 또한 T2 박막의 굴절률은 T1 박막보다 높았고, porosity는 낮았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2008

국내에서 성장한 주요 침엽수 3종(소나무, 잣나무, 리기다소나무)의 수간 내 셀룰로오스 상대결정화도와 결정폭에 대한 수평방향 및 수직방향 변이를 X선 회절법에 의해 조사하였다. 각 수종의 상대결정화도 평균값은 소나무 60.6%, 잣나무 61.7%, 리기다소나무 49.4%로 리기다소나무가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 공시 수종의 상대결정화도는 약 10~15연륜까지 증가하다가 그 후 거의 일정한 값을 보여 주었고 만재부의 상대결정화도가 조재부의 상대결정화도보다 다소 높게 나타나는 경향이 있었다. 소나무 상대결정화도는 수관부보다 기부에서 다소 낮게 나타났으나 잣나무, 리기다소나무는 수고에 따른 차이를 거의 나타내지 않았다. 각 수종의 셀룰로오스 결정폭은 3수종 모두 2.8~3 nm 정도로 거의 차이가 없었고 수평방향 및 수직방향, 조만재 간에도 차이가 없었다. 따라서 상대결정화도와 결정폭 중 상대결정화도는 국내산 주요 침엽수재의 미성숙재와 성숙재를 구분하는 재질 지표의 하나로 이용이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다.