• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2002

A hot water extract was prepared from the artificially grown Gastrodia elata to investigate its chemical composition and various in vitro biological activities as an effort to develop G. elata as health/functional food materials. The contents of crude protein, ash, fat, fiber, moisture and total sugar were 5.4, 2.6, 3.6, 3.3, 8.1 and 77% (w/w), respectively. The extract of G. elata had greater amount of potassium (1,150 mg/100 g) than phosphorus (300 mg/100 g). Dose-dependence against human carcinoma (Hep3B, MCF-7, A549 and AGS) were observed from 0.2 mg/ml to 1.0 mg/ml. Especially, the treatment of 1.0 mg/ml extracts showed the highest cytotoxicity with 83% against gastric carcinoma (AGS). The extracts showed weak antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but practically no antimicrobial activity against the other microorganisms tested. The effect of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition was 64% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The inhibitory effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of the extract in the range of $0.2{\sim}1.0mg/ml$ showed $63{\sim}89%$, and the highest ACE inhibition was 89% at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of extracts. The highest activity of glutathion S-transferase (GST) was 221 % at the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml of the G. elata extracts. These results suggest that G. elata may be used as health/functional food materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1326-1333
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• 2007

For preparing the basic ingredients of Gomtang-like products from the extracts of salmon frame, the extraction conditions of salmon frame were examined, and the characteristics of the extracts were compared with commercial Gomtang. Based on the crude protein, Ex-N and sensory attributes, the extractions were optimized by extracting pretreated-salmon frame in 12 times (v/w) of water for 12 hrs, before filtering with cheese cloth to yield 3 times the volume of the raw material. The concentrations of heavy metals in extracts from salmon frame were below the safety limits suggested by KFDA. The mai or amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acid as the free amino acids, and glycine, proline, and glutamic acid as the total amino acids. The calcium and phosphorus contents were 18.0 mg/100 mL and 33.1 mg/100 mL, respectively, and they accounted for 20% and 18% of the recommended daily allowance for mineral intake. The angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was improved by incubation with Flavourzyme for 4 hrs and its $IC_{50}$ was 2 mg/mL. The results above suggested that the enzymatic hydrolysates from extracts of salmon frame could be used as a basic ingredient for preparing Gomtang-like products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.155-162
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• 1976

Forty one samples from thirty three species of algae (19 from 15 species of Rhodophyceae, 18 from 14 species of Phaeophyceae, 3 from 3 species of Chlorophyceae, and 1 of marine Phanerogams) collected from several locations on the east, west and south coast of Korea, were analyzed for their contents of crude protein, fat, cellulose, ash, nitrogen free extract, amino nitrogen, and total amino acids. For the examination of extractability of algal protein with water, 4 species of algae, Sargassum thunberggi, Grateloupia filicina, Phyllospadix japonica, and Sargassum confusum, were analyzed. And the effect of some precipitation treatments for isolation of algal protein was also tested. As a matter of fact, Rhodophyceae showed high content in crude protein and low in crude fat while the case was opposite for Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyceae. Refering to the content of crude protein and total amino acids, the recommendable algae for protein sources were Sargassum thunbergii, Acrosorium flabellata, Phacelocarpus japonicus, Laurencia okamurai, Laurencia intermedia, Grateloupia filicina, Chondrus ocellatus, Gloiopeltis furcata, Gigartina tenella, Dictyota dichotoma, and Scytosiphon lomentaria. Methanol treatment appeared most effective in precipitation isolation of protein from water extracts whereas pH control method did not so beneficial. The precipitation rate of protein was particularity higher in the extract of Sargassum confusum ana the lowest was makted from the extract of Sargassum thunbergii.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1067-1078
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of fermented milk with addition of hot water extract of Cordyceps militaris grown upon Tenebrio molitor. The general components of Cordyceps militaris grown upon Tenebrio molitor are moisture 10.85%, crude protein 18.44%, crude fat 2.07%, crude ash 5.46%. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of different solvents were the highest (74.81 EDA%) with hot water extract sample. The acidity of fermented milk was high with increasing amount of extracts. The pH of fermented milk reached 4.60-4.66 after 4 h of fermentation, and the number of lactic acid bacteria was highest (11.70 log CFU/mL) with 1% fermented milk. The moisture content of fermented milk showed no significant difference. In addition, contents of crude protein were not significantly different according to addition amount. Regarding Hunter's color values, L value decreased as the amount of extract increased, whereas a value and b value increased. The content of free amino acid increased with increasing amount of extract. The DPPH free radical scavenging ability and ABTS free radical scavenging ability of fermented milk were significantly different as the addition amount of extract increased. In the sensory evaluation, fermented milk containing 1% of extract showed the highest preference.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2015

The American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana L. was the most important worldwide pest species. It has been an public health problems. We were determinated life cycle and extraction of crude extracts by chemical reagents from cockraches (P. americana L.). The extracted crude solution has been antibacterial activity to gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, $6.44{\pm}1.03mm$), gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, $1.88{\pm}0.40mm$), and fungus (Candida albicans, $5.61{\pm}0.57mm$) using radial diffusion assay. We were analysed of up-regulation of Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) stimulation, indicating that antioxidantial protein from various classes are simultaneously expressed in a single insect upon infection or injury. The gene from Periplaneta americana L. were cloned, analysed sequence, and measured protein expression by Real Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.304-308
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• 2002

Quality characteristic of cookies processed with hot water extract powder from masted safflower seed(RSHE) was investigated. Proximate compositions of RSHE were 4.7% of moisture, 32.6% of crude protein, 6.5% of crude ash. Composition of fatty acids(91.4%) were 77.14% of linoleic acid and 12.12% of oleic acid in RSHE. Glutamic acid, aspatic acid, arginine and glycine were major amino acids. Asparagine(12.69 ㎎/g) and arginine(1.13 ㎎/g) were contented high level in free amino acid of RSHE. The major minerals of RSHE were K(41.95 ㎎/g) and Mg(4.63 ㎎/g). 'L' value of cookies with RSHE were decreased, but 'a' value were increased. The breaking force and hardness of cookies with RSHE were higher than those of control. Thickness of cookies with RSHE were thicker than those of control and RSP(powder from roasted safflower seed). By sensory evaluation of cookies, appearance, taste, texture and overall acceptability score of cookie with 0.1% RSHE recorded first rank.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2010

Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of twelve varieties of legumes and cereals in Korea were analyzed and compared. Crude protein content was higher in legumes (20.60~34.47%) than in cereals (8.96~15.45%). Crude fat contents of soybean (17.73%) and black soybean (18.79%) were higher than other legumes (0.68~1.38%) and cereals (1.01~5.39%). The major minerals were potassium, calcium and sodium, and especially calcium and potassium were high in legumes. Unsaturated fatty acids composition ranged from 66.79% in cowpea to 85.14% in soybean, and $\Omega$-3 fatty acids (linolenic acid) content was higher of 7.47~48.25% in legumes than 0.36~3.71% in cereals. Total polyphenol content was higher 1.32~4.15 mg/g in 80% EtOH extracts from legumes than 0.53~2.83 mg/g in cereals. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were high values of 62.60% and 264.20 mg AA eq/g, respectively, in EtOH extract from sorghum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.826-833
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• 2008

The effects of porphyran-chungkookjang on cytotoxicity of human normal cell line (BJ) and human cancer cell lines (AGS and HT-29) were examined. Porphyran, which was prepared from laver (Porphyra yezoensis), decreased the viability of the cancer cells, however, it did not affect the viability of normal cells. Porphyranchungkookjang was prepared by the addition of 5% (w/w) porphyran into chungkookjang which was fermented by starter, Bacillus subtilis DJI. The cytotoxicity effects of the chungkookjang and porphyran-chungkookjang were evaluated with MTT assay. The methanol and the water extract of porphyran-chungkookjang at 1.0 mg/mL showed $23{\sim}38%$ decreases in proliferation of cancer cells (AGS and HT-29). However, the methanol and the water extracts of porphyran-chungkookjang did not inhibit the growth of normal cell. Moreover, the methanol extract of porphryan-chungkookjang at 1.0 mg/mL showed $1.2{\sim}1.5$ fold higher anticancer effects than that of the chungkookjang.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.558-563
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• 1992

Chlorobium liimicola f. thiosulfatophilum NCIB 8327 was grown on modified Pfennig's medium using ammonium chloride. glutamine. glutamate, or dinitrogen gas as nitrogen sources. Except for the case of dinitrogen gas. the extent of gro\\1h was almost the s~me. The specific activity of glutamine synthetase in crude extracts is the highest in the cells which were grown on the medium containing glutamate. hut that of glutamate synthase is uniform for all four nitrogen sources. When the concentration of ammonium ions increases in the reaction mixture. the specific activity of glutamine synthetase in crude extract from the cells grown on glutamate decreases. hut that of glutamate dehydrogenase increases. whereas that of glutamate synthase remains unchanged. When the concentration of methionine sulfoximine increases, the activity of glutamine synthetases decreases rapidly. On the other hand. when the concentration of ammonium ions increases in the reaction mixture gradually. the activity of glutamine synthetase from the cells grown on higher concentration of ammonium ions less decreases. In the presence of light. the activity of glutamine synthetase increases. hut in the dark it decreases gradually. The production of hydrogen in intact cells depends on light. It is inhihited by adding ammonium ions. hut restores immediately hy adding methionine sulfoximine. The produclion of hydrogen in this strain can he mediated by nitrogenase only. and regulated hy glutamine synthetase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2017

This study describes the preliminary evaluation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Allium hookeri. A. hookeri was extracted using crude extract and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. To screen for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents effectively, we first examined the inhibitory effect of A. hookeri extracts on production of oxidant stresses (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide). In addition, we examined the inhibitory effects of A. hookeri on production of pro-inflammatory factors (nitric oxide, prostaglandin $E_2$, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2) in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Of the sequential solvent fractions of A. hookeri, EtOAc fractions showed decreased production of oxidant stresses, and $CH_2Cl_2$ and EtOAc fractions of A. hookeri inhibited production of pro-inflammatory factors. EtOAc fraction inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and -$1{\beta}$). These results suggest that A. hookeri has significant effects on oxidant stresses and pro-inflammatory factors and is a possible antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic and preventive material.