• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of yogurt dressing prepared with different amounts (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) of black currant (Ribes nigrum L) extract. All samples were evaluated for chemical composition, pH, viscosity, sugar content, color, organic acid content and antioxidant activity. Our findings revealed that with increasing amounts of black currant extract in yogurt dressing, the moisture, crude protein and crude lipid contents decreased. The pH and viscosity gradually decreased, whereas the sugar increased with increase in black currant extract. Further, the lightness (L) value decreased, while the redness (a) and yellowness (b) values increased with increase in added black currant extract. Among the organic acids, the contents of citric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and acetic acid increased, while that of tartaric acid and lactic acid decreased with increasing levels of added black currant extract. The total polyphenol and total anthocyanin contents were 5.90-245.97 mg/100 g and 0.62-190.09 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-thylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities significantly increased with increase in added black currant extract.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.257-264
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• 1983

In order to obtain more specific antigenic preparation for the diagnosis of human paragonlmiasis, crude saline extract of whole worm (=PwWWE), secretory.excretory components (PwSEC) and secretion-excretion-free somatic extract (PwSM) of 12 week-old ParagoninBus westermani were filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel column. The adult Paragonimus worms were obtained from expevimentally infected doge. A total of 11 antigenic solutions was Iyophilised or diluted to adjust protein content of 1mg/ml. To evaluate the antigenicity of crude antigens and fractions, micro-ELISA was done with the sera from P westermani in(ected cases, C. sinensis infected cases and non-infected control cases to detect Paragonimus specific IgG antibody. The results were as follows: 1. When the PwWWE was filtrated through Sephadex G-200 gel, it was separated into three fractions; PwWWE Fr. 1, PwWWE Fr. 2 and PwWWE Fr. 3. The percentage of protein content was 28.0%, 21.6% and 50.4% respectively. The PwSM was also. separated into three fractions; PwSM Fr. 1, PwSM Fr. 2, PwSM Fr. 3. and their percentage of protein content was 41.3%, 38.6% and 20.1%. However, the PwSEC showed different fractionation pattern; i.e. fraction 1 (=PwSEC Fr.1) and 3 (PwSEC Fr. 3) without fraction 2. The percentage of protein content was 14.0% in PwSEC Fr. 1 and 86.0% in PwSEC Fr. 3. 2. When the antigenicity of each Paragonimus crude antigen and fractionated antigen was evaluated for specific IgG aritibody by micro-ELISA in 10 human paragonimiasis sera, PwSEC Fr, 1 was the most potent antigen showing the mean absorbance 1.98. The PwWWE Fr. 1, PwSEC, PwWWE were next to that: their mean absorbance were 1.72, 1.38 and 0.83 respectively. The antigenicity of fractions 2 and 3 was much weaker in binding specific IgG antibody. 3. When the antigens were reacted in micro-ELISA with 10 human clonorchiasis sera, most antigens showed weak reactivity. Each fraction 1 of crude antigens reacted higher than other fractions or crude antigens; the mean absorbance was 0.17 in fraction 1, but in others the absorbances were about 0.06. 4. With non-infected control sera, the result of micro-RLISA revealed almost same pattern with those of the clonorchiasis sera. From the above results, it became apparent that PwWWE Fr. 1, especially PwSEC Fr. 1 was the most potent antigen reacted with Paragonisfaus specific IgG antibody.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.407-416
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• 1992

This experiment was conducted to investigate the feed value of dried aloe leaf meal and the changes of blood values in growing pigs A total of 48 three crossbred pig(Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire${\times}$Hampshire) weighing average 25kg initially were randomly distributed into 12 groups of 4 heads(2 females and 2 males) each There groups were alloted on one of the following 3 dietary treatment : non-supplumented diet (control group), diet supplemented with 3% of dried aloe leaf meal(Aloe 3% group), diet supplemented with 6% dried aloe leaf meal(Aloe 6% group). The results obstained in feeding trial for 6 weeks and analysis of blood were summarized as follows : 1. In the chemical composition of dried aloe leaf meal contents of crude protein and crude ash were 9.43% and 15.10%, respectively. Amino acid composition was also inferior to other grain and bran feeds. 2. Daily gain of control, Aloe 3% and 6% groups were 740.5, 658.1 and 197.1 g respectively. Three were significant difference in daily gain among groups( p<0.05) and tended to be decreased with increasing levels of dried aloe leaf meal. 3. Daily feed intake of control, Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups were 1,960.5, 1,737.0 and 1,123.0 g, respectively. There were significant differences in daily feed intake among treatments(p<0.05) and tended to be decreased with increasing levels of dried aloe leaf meal. 4. Feed efficiency of control, Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups were 2.72, 2.63 and 5.70 respectively. Feed efficiency for pig fed diet supplemented with 3% of dried aloe leaf meal was a little superior to control, although no statistical difference was obstained between two treatments. 5. The digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, nitrogen free extract and extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher for control group than for Aloe 3% and Aloe 6% groups. But there were no significant differences in digestibility of crude fat and crude fiber between control and Aloe 3% groups. 6. There were no difference between aloe leaf meal administrated groups and control group in blood picture and serum chemistry.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2010

Studies on the tenderizing effect of fruits has been limited even though fig, kiwifruit, pear, and pineapple cultivated in Korea are utilized commonly during cooking for their proteolytic properties. Therefore, the characteristics of these fruits were investigated by treating beef with their crude protease extracts. The protease effects of crude protease extract from the fruits on casein and myofibrilar protein were in the following order : pineapple > kiwifruit > fig > pear. Electrophoretic analysis results found that pineapple, kiwifruit, and fig cleaved myosin heavy chain into smaller fragments. The myofibrilar fragmentation ratio of crude protease extracts was the highest for pineapple whileas the lowest for pear. Ground fruits (5% and 10%) increased amounts of soluble nitrogen and decreased shear force of beef. Pineapple was the most effective while pear was the least effective. Decrease in springiness and gumminess was observed by texture profile analysis of beef treated with fruits, especially pineapple and kiwifruit. Among the 5% treatments, pineapple and kiwifruit produced the highest tenderness. Additionally, 10% treatment was less preferable than the 5% treatment.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.524-528
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• 2002

The study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of grape seed extracts by measuring acid value, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS value) and electron donating ability by 1,1-dipheny1-2-pycryl hydrazil (DPPH) method. Total phenol content of freeze dried crude solvent extracts increased in the order of ethanol>acetone>hot water. Among extracts, the total phenol content of 70% ethanol extract of grape seed (GSE) was the highest, 51%. Besides the total phenol, the other major components of GSE were crude carbohydrate (29.63%), crude protein (3.38%) and crude lipid (2.84%). The acid values of crude rice bran oil containing GSE or several antioxidants at the concetration of 0.01% were 52.3 for the control, 0.5 for GSE, 2.3 for dibutyl hydroxytoluene (BHT), 45.0 for tertiarybutyl hydroxy quinone (TBHQ), 29.9 for tocopherol and 37.7 for ascorbic acid. The POVs for linoleic acid methyl ester in the presence of 0.01% antioxidants were 1220 meq/kg in control, 55 meq/kg in GSE, 104 meq/kg in BHT, 952 meq/kg in tocopherol and 71 meq/kg in GSE, 37% in BHT, 37% in tocopherol and 52% in ascorbic acid. The electron donating abilities by DPPH in the presence of 0.01% antioxidants were 95.3% in GSE, 75.0% in BHT, 96.3% in tocopherol and 98.2% in ascorbic acid. These results indicated that the antioxidants activities of GSE were significantly higher than those of several antioxidants compared.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.178-182
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• 1989

Red ginseng products manufactured by the Korea Ginseng and Tobacco Corporation were analyzed to determine the crude saponin , total saponin and ginsenoside contentents by gravimetry, spertrometry and HPLC, respectively, to see if effective quality control of the components in the products can be achieved. Medicinal powders, powders, tablets and capsules which were made from ginseng powder showed similarity in saponin content, the ratio of PD to PT saponin, and the ginsenoside content and composition, while extract powder, extract, extract tea, extract pills and tea, which were made of ginseng extract, showed difference in saponin content, ratio of PD to PT saponin, and the content and composition of ginsengside. It is, accordingly, believed that ginseng products which are uniform in contents and saponin composition can be produced by carrying out strict quality control throughout the processes of making raw red ginseng into final products.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.3 s.76
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• pp.396-399
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• 2006

Crude extract prepared from sweet potato possessed inhibitory activity toward mushroom tyrosinase. The inhibitory activity was dependent upon the addition amount of sweet potato extract. After heating the sweet potato extract at $95^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, its inhibitory activity retained 37.3%. Its optimum activity was shown at pH ranges of 5.0-7.0. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was disappeared by dialysis, which suggests the inhibitory activity of sweet potato extract is caused by some compounds of low molecular weight.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2007

The potential antioxidant and anticancer activities of Hexane, EtOAc (Ethyl acetate), BuOH (n-Buthanol) and water fractions from methanolic (MeOH) extract of Picrasma quassioides (D. Don) Benn. were evaluated in vitro. Tested fractions showed strong antioxidant activity, especially EtOAc fraction had the highest activity ($IC_{50}\;=\;114.01\;{\mu}g/mL$), containing high total phenolics and total flavonoids contents, showed $67.59\;Tan\;{\mu}g/mg$ and $64.95\;Que\;{\mu}g/mg$ respectively. Anticancer activity of these fractions was tested by MTT assay on HT-29 (the human colon carcinoma cells) cell line. BuOH fraction not only showed very high anticancer activity, but also had no cytotoxic effect on 293 (the human normal kidney cells) cell line. Considering these results, we used BuOH fraction of MeOH crude extract from P. quassioides (D.Don) Benn. to do assessment of apoptosis by flow cytometry and the mRNA expression levels of widely established apoptotic-related genes on HT-29 cell line. All the experiments showed that BuOH fraction can induce apoptosis on HT-29 cell line strongly. Taken together, methanolic extract of P. quassioides has potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities products.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.345-352
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• 2012

This experiment was conducted to verify whether one time feeding of Lythrum salicaria root crude extract (LSR extract) exhibits liver protecting activities in acutely ethanol administrated rat. Experiment groups were composed of normal, negative control (alcohol control), 2 positive control (Hovenia dulcis extract 900 mg/kg and milk thisle 100 mg/kg), betulinic acid (20 mg/kg), a compound separated from LSR, and 3 LSR (100, 300, 900 mg/kg) groups. LSR treated groups showed decrease (p < 0.05) in serum triglyceride by dose-dependent manner. The content of serum albumin and the activity of ADH and ALDH in LSR extract fed rats were increased (p < 0.05) dependently on the administration amounts. Our study indicated that one time supplement of LSR downregulates oxidative stress and shows liver protective activity in the acute alcohol-fed rats.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.342-349
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the applicability of the ground parts such as flower (GF), berry (GR), and leaf (GL) from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer. The ground parts were extracted from hot water (WE) and 60% ethanol (EE). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were 15.02-32.74 and 21.60-484.05 mg GAE/g, respectively. Hot water extract of ginseng leaf (GLWE) and 60% ethanol extract of ginseng leaf (GLEE) showed higher total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents than other extracts. Crude saponin contents were found in the range of 15.30-37.27%. Antioxidant activity of these extracts from ginseng was also analyzed by DPPH, ABTS, H₂O₂ scavenging activity, reducing power, and inhibition effect on lipid peroxidation. We confirmed the results that hot water extract of ginseng leaf (GLWE), 60% ethanol extract of ginseng leaf (GLEE) has high anti-oxidative effects. According to the antioxidant activity results of each extract of ginseng flower, ginseng berry, and ginseng leaf, it is judged that their availability is very high, and if proper processing is performed, it can be used as a functional raw material.