• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1988

Several agronomic characters, feed value, and mineral uptake of two corn hybrids infected by different degrees of rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) were studied at the south-eastern part of RBSDV prevalent areas in Korea. Although both hybrids were infected with RBSDV by 100%. culm length of Suweon 19 was more severely reduced than that of Jinjuok and there were positive correlations between culm length and top dry weight of individual plants. The reduced culm length was largely due to the shortened length of upper five internodes in both hybrids and also due to the reduced number of internodes in Jinjuok. As culm length reduced, percent ear-bearing plants, average ear weight, and number of kernels per ear reduced significantly in both hybrids. The kernel weight of Suweon 19 decreased with reduced culm length, but that of Jinjuok was similar among the different culm lengths. However, as culm length decreased, crude protein and fiber in whole plants and N, P, K, Mg in culm ＋ leaf sheath increased, but nitrogen free extract in whole plant decreased. And crude fat in whole plant and N, P, K, Mg concentrations in leaf blades and ear were similar among the culm lengths.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2015

An agarolytic marine bacterium (H9) was isolated from the coastal seawater of the West Sea, South Korea. The isolate, H9, was gram-negative and rod-shaped with a smooth surface and polar flagellum. Cells grew at 20-30℃, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and in ASW-YP (Artificial Sea Water-Yeast extract, Peptone) media containing 1-5% (w/v) NaCl. The G+C content was 41.56 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone in strain H9 was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids (>10%) were C_16:1ω7c (34.3%), C_16:0 (23.72%), and C_18:1ω7c (13.64%). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and biochemical and chemotaxonomic characterization, the strain was designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. H9 (=KCTC23887). In liquid culture supplemented with 0.2% agar, the cell density and agarase activity reached a maximum level of OD = 4.32 (48 h) and OD = 3.87 (24 h), respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for the extracellular crude agarases of H9 were 7.0 and 40℃, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the agarase hydrolysis products revealed that the crude agarases hydrolyze agarose into neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. Therefore, the new agar-degrading strain, H9, can be applicable for the production of valuable neoagarooligosaccharides and for the complete degradation of agar in bio-industries.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.136-140
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• 1982

In order to evaluate the feasibility for the sterilization of Korean red and white ginseng powder by irradiation, red and white ginseng powder (120 mesh) was irradiated by 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 2.0 Mrad with $^{60}Co$ irradiator (dose rate: 4000 rad/h). Extraction rate of crude saponins by buthanol and by 50% ethanol were slightly increased according to the irradiation dose (buthanol ex. 1.7%, 50% ethanol ex. 2.6% at 1.0 Mrad irradiation. There are no remarkable changes in HPLC patterns of crude saponins by radiation. It was found that irradiation up to 1 Mrad on Korean ginseng products have no significant effect on proximate component, reducing sugar and amino nitrogen of ginseng powder and on the color density of ginseng extract with 50% ethanol. Irradiation up to 1 Mrad could be utilized for the sterilization of Korean ginseng powder whithout changes of physicochemical properties.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the sanitary and nutritional requirements for the industrialization of commercial kwamegi from Pacific herring Clupea pallasii (CK-PH). The proximate composition of CK-PH was 46.4-47.2% moisture, 24.7-25.6% crude protein, 23.6-25.2% crude lipid, and 2.5-2.9% ash, which differed significantly from that of commercial kwamegi from the Pacific saury Cololabis saira. According to the volatile basic nitrogen content, heavy metal content, and viable cell and coliform group counts, products K and F (prepared by a general process) maintained their freshness, whereas product T (treated with green tea extract) did not. Products K and F contained five types of biogenic amine: agmatine sulfate (2,596 and 2,067 mg/kg, respectively), putrescine dihydrochloride (8.5 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively), cadaverine (3.7 and 3.9 mg/kg, respectively), histamine (17.0 and 12.4 mg/kg, respectively), and spermidine (8.7 and 8.0 mg/kg, respectively). Product T contained six amine types: tyramine (12.5 mg/kg), agmatine sulfate (2,723 mg/kg), putrescine dihydrochloride (29.4 mg/kg), cadaverine (321.6 mg/kg), histamine (45.3 mg/kg), and spermidine (13.6 mg/kg). The total amino acid content of product K (22.16/100g) was 5.8% lower than that of product F. The major amino acids of products K and F were aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine. No difference was found in the fatty acid composition of products K and F. The major fatty acids in products K and F were 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3, and 22:6n-3. Based on the recommended daily dietary allowances for Koreans, the significant minerals in products K and F were calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.554-561
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• 2017

Objective: This experiment was conducted as a $3{\times}2{\times}2$ factorial design to examine the effects of particle size (mean particle size of 331, 640, or $862{\mu}m$), evaluation method (direct vs indirect method) and adaptation duration (7 or 26 days) on the energy content and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of various chemical components in wheat when fed to finishing pigs. Methods: Forty-two barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$) with an initial body weight of $63.0{\pm}0.8kg$ were individually placed in metabolic cages and randomly allotted to 1 of 7 diets with 6 pigs fed each diet. For the indirect method, the pigs were fed either a corn-soybean meal based basal diet or diets in which 38.94% of the basal diet was substituted by wheat of the different particle sizes. In the direct method, the diets contained 97.34% wheat with the different particle sizes. For both the direct and indirect methods, the pigs were adapted to their diets for either 7 or 26 days. Results: A reduction in particle size linearly increased the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents as well as the ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, organic matter, ether extract (EE) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (p<0.05), and had a trend to increase the ATTD of dry matter of wheat (p = 0.084). The DE, ME contents, and ATTD of gross energy, crude protein, dry matter and organic matter were higher (p<0.05) when determined by the direct method, but the ATTD of ADF, EE, and neutral detergent fiber were higher when determined by the indirect method (p<0.05). Prolongation of the adaption duration decreased the ATTD of neutral detergent fiber (p<0.05) and had a trend to increase the ATTD of EE (p = 0.061). There were no interactions between particle size and the duration of the adaptation duration. The ATTD of EE in wheat was influenced by a trend of interaction between method and adaptation duration (p = 0.074). The ATTD of ADF and EE in wheat was influenced by an interaction between evaluation method and wheat particle size such that there were linear equations (p<0.01) about ATTD of ADF and EE when determined by the direct method but quadratic equations (p = 0.073 and p = 0.088, respectively) about ATTD of ADF and EE when determined by the indirect method. Conclusion: Decreasing particle size can improve the DE and ME contents of wheat; both of the direct and indirect methods of evaluation are suitable for evaluating the DE and ME contents of wheat with different particle sizes; and an adaptation duration of 7 d is sufficient to evaluate DE and ME contents of wheat in finishing pigs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 1993

In order to obtain basic data on the effective utilization of cockle shell, food compositions and lipid components its the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts were analyzed. Cooked meat($95^{\circ}C$, 15 sec 3kg/200l water) showed a slight lower content in moisture and total crude lipid then raw meat but those meat had more crude protein and ash then raw one. Non-polar lipid of the raw, cooked meat and its extract consist of $25.4\%,\;22.4\%\;and\;48.7\%$, of total lipid, while polar lipid, $74.6\%,\;77.6\%\;and\;51.3\%$ respectively. Non-polar lipid was mainly was consisted of triglyceride, free fatty acid, and polar lipid mainly was consisted of phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine. The major fatty acids of total lipid and fractionated lipid were 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3), 16:0 and 18:0 in the raw, cooked meat and cooked meat extracts and showed higher contents in polyenes such as 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.558-563
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• 1992

Chlorobium liimicola f. thiosulfatophilum NCIB 8327 was grown on modified Pfennig's medium using ammonium chloride. glutamine. glutamate, or dinitrogen gas as nitrogen sources. Except for the case of dinitrogen gas. the extent of gro\\1h was almost the s~me. The specific activity of glutamine synthetase in crude extracts is the highest in the cells which were grown on the medium containing glutamate. hut that of glutamate synthase is uniform for all four nitrogen sources. When the concentration of ammonium ions increases in the reaction mixture. the specific activity of glutamine synthetase in crude extract from the cells grown on glutamate decreases. hut that of glutamate dehydrogenase increases. whereas that of glutamate synthase remains unchanged. When the concentration of methionine sulfoximine increases, the activity of glutamine synthetases decreases rapidly. On the other hand. when the concentration of ammonium ions increases in the reaction mixture gradually. the activity of glutamine synthetase from the cells grown on higher concentration of ammonium ions less decreases. In the presence of light. the activity of glutamine synthetase increases. hut in the dark it decreases gradually. The production of hydrogen in intact cells depends on light. It is inhihited by adding ammonium ions. hut restores immediately hy adding methionine sulfoximine. The produclion of hydrogen in this strain can he mediated by nitrogenase only. and regulated hy glutamine synthetase.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.184-191
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• 1976

This experiment was conducted for the control of summer depression of cool-season pasture plant. Orchard grass, tall fescue, red clover, alfalfa, and crabgrass were mulched by barley straw with depths of $100g/m^2$, $200g/m^2$ and $300g/m^2$ for 45 days -from July 1, to August 14-, and the effects on growth, yield and chemical composition were observed. The results obetain were as follow: Temperature decrease of $1.0{\sim}3.04^{\circ}C$ was followed after barley straw mulching on the grassland as compared with the control. The growth of the grasses after mulching was hastened, i. e. plant height was increasd 6.0~45% as compared with the control. Barley straw mulching with $100g/m^2$ supported the increase in yield of the grasses with an average of 32.77%, however, average yield was decreased by 7.75% with $300g/m^2$ mulching, apparently due to the rottening of grasses. Chemical compositions of mulched grasses were varied; contents of crude protein and nitrogen free extract were higher, but crude fats, fibre, and ashes were lower than those of the control.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 1978

To improve the feed value of rice straw, Tongil type rice straw and Persicaria Thunbergii Gross var. coreana Gross ex Nakai were mixed in the ratios of 10 : 90 (T1), 20 : 80 (T2), 30 : 70 (T3) and 40 : 60 (T4) in fresh weight and ensiled for 6 weeks. The chemical composition of fresh materials and silage, the organic acid contents and pH in silage were determined. And the results obtained were summarized as follow: 1. The crude protein content in rice straw was 8.18% of DM basis and that in Persicaria Thunbergii was 14.47%. And the nitrogen-free extract content in rice straw was 44.66% and.. that in Persicaria Thunbergii was 51.13%. 2. The optimum moisture contents were appeared in T2 as 72.12% and T3 as 66.43%. Considerably high crude protein contents were determined from all of treatments. 3. The pH of silage was varied from pH 3.8 of T1 to pH 4.5 of T2. And Total organic acid contents were increased from T1 to T4, but the percentage of lactic acid contents to total acid contents were decreased. 4. It was concluded that good quality silage could be made from rice straw with Persicaria Thunbergii and the best ratios of rice straw: Persicaria Thunbergii were between 20 : 80 and 30 : 70 in fresh weight.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.237-250
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• 2006

This study was to investigate physicochemical and sensory evaluation properties of chicken jerky with pear, pineapple and kiwi extracts. Moisture content range was $25.87{\sim}27.55％$, and crude protein and crude fat turned out to satisfy the jerky standard. Degree of saline was $5.34{\sim}5.44％$, and that value showed lower level of T-1, T-2 and T-3 sample than C-1. The pH levels of the samples with fruit extracts were low, and, as the storage period was extended, they increased. The initial level of water activation was $0.732{\sim}0.756%$, which proved significant in the storage period(p<0.01). Hardness value of jerky products was $45.25{\sim}49.66{\times}10^5dyne/cm^2$, and the kiwi extract added jerky samples showed the lowest. Strength value range was $89.37{\sim}108.16{\times}10^5dyne/cm^2$, and the S-1 was the highest. It has significance between contrasting groups and comparing ones and among the storage periods(p<0.01). The color value of early jerky products showed 4.80, the highest, and the shape and the texture showed above 4.50, and the flavor was above 4.30, which became lower as the storage periods at normal temperature were extended.