• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 2000

Because of the significant genetic improvement in animal performance, the use of high nutrient density diets has become common practice in animal industry. High oil corn(HOC) became available to feed manufacturers about half a decade ago. Current HOC contains approximately 87% higher crude fat, making its energy content 4.5 to 6% higher than that of typical corn. Its protein content is 3.3 to 6.4% higher, and its qualities are at least equal or better than that of typical corn. In addition, there are several non-nutritional benefits which may result from the use of HOC. These nutritional and non-nutritional advantages could be captured by the feed manufacturers in general, and poultry producers in particular.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제13권9호
• /
• pp.1255-1262
• /
• 2000

A total of 80 pigs ($5.68{\pm}0.61kg$ BW; 21 d of age) were used to evaluate the effect of fat sources in weaned pigs. Pigs were allotted into five treatments based on body weight, in a completely randomized block design. Treatments consisted of diets representing different ratio between soy oil or corn oil and tallow; 1) S100 (soy oil 100%), 2) S75 (soy oil:tallow=75:25), 3) S50 (soy oil:tallow=50:50), 4) C75 (corn oil:tallow=75:25), 5) C50 (corn oil:tallow=50:50). During d 0 to 14, pigs were fed diets containing 3,400 kcal ME, 23% crude protein, 1.65 % lysine and for the period of d 15 to 28, pigs were fed diets supplying 3,400 kcal ME, 20.5% crude protein, 1.355% lysine. For d 0 to 14, a significant differences in ADG and ADFI were observed among treatments, pigs fed animal-vegetable fat blends gained more than pigs fed the S100. As tallow addition was increased from 25% to 50% replacing soy or corn oil, ADG was improved from 6.32% to 28.38%. In phase II (d 15 to 28) period, ADG, ADFI and FCR were not significantly different among treatments. For overall period (d 0 to 28), pigs fed 50% animal:50% vegetable fat blends diets consumed more feed and grew faster than pigs fed control diet and 75% vegetable oil:25% tallow groups, but the differences was not significant among treatments. Apparent DM, CP and fat digestibility were increased with time postweaning for each treatment. There were no differences in digestibilities of total amino acid during overall period. The combination of soy oil or corn oil with tallow produced slightly higher serum triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) combination compared with the soy oil alone. In conclusion, tallow:soy (or corn) oil blends diets improved growth rate and the ratio of 50% tallow plus 50% soy (or corn) oil blends diets were favorable for growth and nutrient digestibilities of weaned pigs.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.160-164
• /
• 1993

The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts from defatted perilla flour was investigated by measuring peroxide value of perilla oil during storage at $45^{\circ}C$. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was also compared with BHA, BHT and tocopherol. Anti-oxidant activity of ethanol extracts was also examined in corn oil and lard. The ethanol extracts contents of defatted perilla flour and the original perilla seed were 7.69 and 4.56% respectively. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts was superior to that of 0.02% BHT, BHA and tocopherol in the perilla oil substrate, merely in concentration of one-twentieth as much as that contained in original perilla oil seeds. The fractions of non-polar solvent (hexane and chloroform) obtained from silicic acid column chromatography are less effective than that of polar solvent as an antioxidant. Antioxidant activity of partially purified ethanol fraction is slightly inferior to that of original crude ethanol extracts. Ethanol extracts were also effective in corn oil and lard almost same as in perilla oil. The total phenolic compound contents of crude ethanol extracts and partially purified ethanol fraction were 9.3, 6.4%, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.880-883
• /
• 2003

The objective of this study was to measure performance of young broiler chickens fed three varieties of high-oil corn (HOC 1, 2, and 3) compared with eight varieties of normal corn (NC). HOC varieties contained about 80% more oil than NC (average crude fat; 6.71% vs 3.72%) and about 29% more protein (average CP; 9.54% vs 7.38%). Each experimental diet was formulated with the same amount (55.205%) of each corn hybrid. Experiment 1 had by six dietary treatments (HOC1 and five NC varieties, 360 chickens) and Experiment 2 had five treatments (HOC2, HOC3, and three NC varieties, 250 chickens). In Exp. 1, for feed efficiency (F/G), the treatment contained HOC1 had better performance (p<0.05) than other NC varieties except NC5. As expected, there was no significant difference in average daily feed intake (p>0.05) among dietary treatments. The dietary treatment of HOC1 gave an improvement of 4.3% in F/G that came from 6% higher gross energy (GE) value of HOC1. Compared with Exp. 2, the dietary treatments contained HOC hybrids gave 4.4% higher F/G than NC dietary treatments, which came from a 5% increase in GE value. HOC varieties had superior nutrients content to NC for poultry, due to the fact that HOC contained higher concentrations of energy, protein, lysine, and methionine, thus improving growth and F/G.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.337-341
• /
• 2002

옥수수배아, 소맥배아, 탈피땅콩, 겨 자. 후추를 조분쇄하여 직화법으로 볶은 다음 옥수수기름과 혼합하고 열처리하여 향미유 원액을 얻었다. 이 원액과 옥수수기름을 혼합하고 여기에 유용성 천연색소 추출물과 O.R.Paprika를 처리하여 참기름 고유의 외관과 향미가 유사한 대체 향미유를 개발하였다. 이리 이화학적 특성을 참기름과 직접 비교해 본 결과 유리지방산 함량은 약 1/14 수준이었으며, 기타 항목에서는 거의 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 이 향미유를 이용한 조리실험 결과 갈비절임, 볶음, 튀김, 김구이 및 약과튀김 등에서 우수한 특성을 보여 참기름 대체용으로의 기능이 충분한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.176-184
• /
• 1998

A total of 125 pigs (5.8 kg of BW) were allotted in a completely randomized block design. Treatments were coconut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, tallow and tallow+lecithin. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 5 pigs per replicate. From d 0 to 7, pigs fed vegetable oil supported greater average daily gain (ADG) and improved feed/gain (F/G) compared to pigs fed the animal fat. Addition of lecithin to tallow increased ADG by 7.2%. Feed intake were similar for all treatment groups. From d 8 to 14, pigs fed coconut oil and soy oil showed better ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) than any of the others. From d 15 to 21, pigs fed the tallow diets had lower gains (p < 0.05) than those fed diets that contained vegetable oil and tallow with added lecithin. The effect of different fat sources on gain became smaller with age. Feed intakes were similar between the vegetable oil and lecithin supplemented diets each week postweaning except for pigs fed tallow (p < 0.05). Feed : gain ratios were superior during the initial 2 weeks postweaning period when pigs were provided vegetable oil diet compared with pigs fed tallow. All pig groups had similar feed : gain ratios during 3 weeks. Combinations of tallow with lecithin tended to have intermediate feed/gain ratio. It was found that vegetable oils were much better in improving growth rate of the piglets. Lecithin significantly improved growth rate and feed efficiency of the pigs through the whole experimental period compared to tallow. Coconut oil was the most effective in improving growth of pigs during the first two weeks postweaning. Corn oil had equal value with soy oil in improving growth performance of weaned pigs. When vegetable oil was added, the digestibilities of nutrients except for minerals were higher than when the tallow was fed. Nutrients digestibility was similar among vegetable oils. The addition of lecithin to tallow increased digestibility of gross energy, dry matter, ether extract and crude protein. Crude ash and phosphorus digestibility were not affected by the treatments. Dry matter excretion was not different among treatments except for tallow which showed significantly higher dry matter excretion (p < 0.05), while nitrogen excretion was significantly decreased in pigs fed vegetable oil sources. However, Phosphorus excretion was not affected by the different fat sources.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.485-490
• /
• 2004

옥수수배아로부터 압착-추출과정을 거쳐 원유를 채유하여 혼합한 다음 이를 열교환을 통한 부분냉각, 완전냉각 과정을 거쳐 품온을 $50^{\circ}C,\;70^{\circ}C$ 및 $90^{\circ}C$로 조절하여 직사광선의 조사를 직접 받는 옥외 저장탱크에 각각 저장하였다. 저장기간에 따른 색상변화를 측정하며 이를 정제하여 최종 탈취유를 얻었다. 이 정제과정 중 탈검-탈산-탈색공정에서 인산 용액, 가성소다용액 및 산성백토의 처리량을 적정량 및 $10\%,\;20\%$ 과잉으로 처리하여 각각의 탈취유를 얻고 이를 0.9 L PET병에 포장하여 정상적인 유통과정 및 암소저장을 실시하여 기간경과에 따른 색상변화를 측정하여 하절기 옥수수기름에서 문제가 되는 변색현상(color reversion)의 원인을 파악하고자 하였다. 탈취유의 유통 및 암소저장 중 발생하는 색상변화는 정제공정의 차이에 의한 잔류 인함량, 유리지방산 잔류량, 색소물질의 제거 정도 등과는 직접적인 상관관계가 없는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서, 고온의 원유를 저장하는 과정에서 내부적으로 "color fixation" 현상이 발생하여 이것이 색상변화를 초래하는 원인임을 알 수 있었다. 즉, 원유 자체가 높은 품온을 유지한 채 일정기간 이상 저장되는 과정에서 색소 고정화 현상이 발생되면 이후 정제공정에서 이를 조정하는 것은 거의 불가능하였다. 본 연구에서 시도한 온도조건 이하로 원유를 냉각시키는 것이 최선의 방지대책일 수 있으나 무한대로의 냉각은 energy saving 등의 개념에서 볼 때 비현실적이기 때문에 우리나라의 하절기 옥수수배아 원유의 적정 저장온도를 $50^{\circ}C$ 이하로 관리할 경우 변색현상의 위험성을 제거할 수 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.165-171
• /
• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary lipid sources on survival, growth anc body composition of snail (Semisu1cospira gottschei). Three replicate groups of snail (average weighing 152mg) were fed the diets containing different lipid sources such as lauric acid (LA), squid liver oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), corn oil (CO), SO+ LO, SO+CO, LO+CO and SO+LO+CO for 8 weeks. Survival was not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). Weight gain of snail fed the SO, SO+LO and SO+LO+CO diets was significantly higher than that of snail fed the LA and LO diets (P<0.05), and the lowest weight gain was observed in snail fed the LA diet (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in crude lipid content of edible portion in snail fed the different diets (P>0.005). Contents of 12:0, 18:2n­6, 18:3n-3 and 20:5n-3 from snail fed the LA, CO, LO and SO diets were higher than those from snail fed the other diets, respectively (p<0.05). The highest 22:6n-3 content was observed in snail fed the SO+ LO but was not significantly different from that of snail fed the SO, SO+CO and SO+LO+CO diets (p>0.05). The n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids such as 20:4n-6 and 22:4n-6 contents of snail were not affected by dietary lipid sources (p>0.05). These results suggested that squid liver oil and mixture of squid liver oil and linseed and/or corn oil are good dietary lipid sources for the normal growth of snail. However lauric acid may not be a good lipid source for snail diet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권1호
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this experiment was to determine and compare the digestibility of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in full-oil (no oil extracted) and de-oiled (oil extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with different condensed distillers solubles (CDS) ratios. Six barrows ($29.6{\pm}2.3kg$) fitted with ileal T-cannula were allotted into a $6{\times}6$ Latin square design. Each period was comprised of a 5-d adaption period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The five test diets contained 62% DDGS as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was used to measure the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Chromic oxide (0.3%) was used as an index in each diet. The results showed that CP and AA were very similar in 5 DDGS, but the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of lysine (from 56.16% to 71.15%) and tryptophan (from 54.90% to 68.38%) had the lowest values and largest variation within the essential AA, which suggests reduced availability of AA and different levels of Maillard reactions in the five DDGS. The apparent ileal digestibility and SID of CP and most of AA in full-oil DDGS (sources 1 and 2) were greater (p<0.05) than de-oiled DDGS (sources 3, 4, and 5). Comparing the AA SID in the 5 DDGS, full-oil with low CDS ratio DDGS (source 1) had non-significantly higher values (p>0.05) than full-oil with high CDS ratio DDGS (source 2); however, the SID of most AA of de-oiled with low CDS ratios DDGS (source 3) were non-significantly lower (p>0.05) than de-oiled with high CDS ratio DDGS (source 4); and the de-oiled DDGS with middle CDS ratio (source 5) but with different drying processing had the lowest SID AA values. In conclusion, de-oiled DDGS had lower SID of CP and AA than full-oil DDGS; a higher CDS ratio tended to decrease the SID of AA in full-oil DDGS but not in de-oiled DDGS; and compared with CDS ratio, processing, especially drying, may have more of an effect on AA digestibility of DDGS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.1000-1005
• /
• 2004

식물성 유지자원 중 옥수수와 땅콩을 원료로 하여 35$^{\circ}C$, 100 rpm의 항온교반수조와 8$0^{\circ}C$의 soxhlet extractor에서 1, 3, 6시간에 따라 유지를 추출한 후, sn-1,3 위치 특이성을 가지는 IM 60(Rhizomucor miehei, EC 3.1.1.3)를 사용하여 acidolysis 방법을 통해 CLA를 함유하는 재구성지질을 합성하였다. 추출된 옥수수유와 땅콩유 모두 35$^{\circ}C$, 6시간에서 각각 3.59, 47.98%로 여러 추출 조건 중 가장 높은 수율을 보였고, 추출된 유지 모두 phytosterol 이성질체(campesterol, stigmasterol, $\beta$-sitosterol) 중 $\beta$-sitosterol의 함량이 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었으며, oleic acid와 linoleic acid가 추출된 유지의 주요 지방산으로 조사되었다. 추출된 유지와 재구성 지질(추출유-CLA)의 tocopherol 함량 분석 결과 추출된 유지와 합성한 유지의 총 tocopherol 함량이 지정된 온도의 추출시간과 반응(합성)시간에 따라 감소되는 경향을 보였다. 한편, 재구성 지질의 지방산 조성 분석 결과 CLA 총 함량이 반응시간에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였고 24시간 반응에서 옥수수유와 땅콩유에 결합된 CLA 총 함량이 각각 9.25, 7.48mol%로 여러 반응시간 중 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 CLA의 주요 이성질체 중 생리활성이 높다고 알려진 cis 9, trans 11-CLA와 trans 10,cis 12-CLA의 재구성 지질 내 함량은 옥수수유와 땅콩유 각각 7.50, 6.30 ㏖%이었다.