• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.22
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• pp.29-49
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• 2011

This study is focused on looking into the essence and application in the modem history of 'Martial Art Culture' that is a representative cultural code in the East Asia. Doubting and reconstructing the paradigm of the past and present, Postmodernism in the 21st century has defined marital arts as a new cultural phenomenon. This study begins by doubting whether the essence of martial arts was a cultural conduct to train both bodies and spirits. Practically used as a fighting skill since the primitive age, martial arts has fallen into sports or cultural behaviors due to the invention of the state-of-the-art modern weapons. However modern people misunderstand that martial arts of East Asia is originated a kind of cultural behaviors. It implies there is a fundamental mistake in the wat Western civilization evaluates the orientalism. This study analyzes this mistake through access method based on realities of modern history. This trial will contribute to expanding the thinking range, inquiring into varied cultural phenomena including martial arts which are misunderstood in modern history.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.339-362
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• 2010

This study empirically examined the effect of ownership on cross-border acquisition performance. This study analyzed 284 international acquisitions undertaken by Korean public companies between 1986 and 2008. This study showed that the ownership had a negative impact on cross-border acquisition performance. Furthermore, this study found that the interaction between the ownership and cultural distance had a negative impact on cross-border acquisition performance. This study also showed support that the interaction between the ownership and acquisition relatedness had a negative impact on cross-border acquisition performance. This study improved the understanding of roles of the ownership and complemented previous research on the relationship among cultural distance, acquisition relatedness, and cross-border acquisition performance.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.20
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• pp.149-182
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• 2010

This paper reports on an ongoing study that utilizes the literacy autobiographies of 10 Asian and 10 Western graduate students from TESOL Masters programs in Korea and America as data for a cross cultural study on the discursive process of identity formation and the development of critical consciousness (Freire, 2000). While the data suggests similarities and differences between cultures in terms of the effects of education, social relationships, media, and religion, no definitive claims may be made due to the small size of the research corpus. However, analysis of the data revealed that only four of the narratives could be judged as engaging in critical introspection of individual subjects systems of knowledge, values, and beliefs, as opposed to the other narratives that were primarily descriptive of individual personal experiences. As such, this study found that while the willingness and ability to engage in the critical practices which lead to the development of a critical consciousness are similar across cultures, they may be mediated by the literacy practices inscribed in education, media, and other social practices.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 2004

Understanding characteristics of Internet businesses from a cross-cultural perspective could offer valuable insights on developing business strategies and policies. This work is concerned with revealing divergence and convergence of Internet businesses in their financial performance, given organizational conditions and cultural context. For this, we studied the association between static organizational attributes (core activity, origination, firm age, and industry type) and a firms financial performance (gross revenue and net income). Relevant data was gathered from representative Internet firms in Korea and U.S. Data analysis indicated that, besides industry type, overall connection between selected organizational variables and financial performance was weak. Cross-national comparison showed that Korean firms financial performance was comparable to U.S firms during the period of economic turbulence. A noticeable difference was that Korean Internet firms and their business models were more service-oriented than U.S. counterparts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the concepts and types of cross-cultural collaborative online learning that enhance the utilization of advanced ICT in education and contribute to the promotion of educational exchanges between countries, and suggest exchange learning design models necessary for the active introduction. For this study, previous studies related to cross-cultural collaborative online learning were examined. As a result, cross-cultural collaborative online learning is an educational method based on constructivism that explore and construct knowledge by interacting and collaborating with students, teachers, and field experts who are linguistically and culturally heterogeneous based on advanced ICT. The type of cross-cultural collaborative online learning could be divided into synchronous exchange learning centered on remote video classes and asynchronous exchange learning centered on website based tasks. A PPIE learning design model considering the characteristics of each type is presented.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.664-676
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• 2001

This study highlights the homogeneity in the heritage of the costume cultures between the Gulf of Aden, a part of the Horn region of Africa and the Arab region of West. Asia. Specifically, a cross-cultural perspective is used to examine the similarities between the two regions based on their (1) geographic living cultures and (2) the use of a costume accessory called Burga-a face veil. The current trend in research on the traditional costume culture of Africa mostly ties art with the traditional costume culture and examines its from an aesthetic or animalism perspective rather than from a cross cultural Perspective. Compared to Previous research in this area this study used literature reviews and Pictorial analysis to analyze costume cultures from a cross-cultural perspective. The Burga, which is worn in the low lands of the Horn region, which is located between the West Asia and African continents, as well as the Arab region, shows a reciprocal cultural exchange between the two regions. Similarities can be found in the shape, design, decorative elements, and the way the Bursa was worn in two regions. Although the Burga as a face veil is only a small part of a costume, it reaffirms the similar living cultures and geographic characteristics of the two regions. As the living culture environment becomes similar around the world, this study should help with cross culture negotiations as well as forther the development of traditional costume research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to explore the role of familiarity in cross-cultural product perception and perception changes according to food systems (hot sauce and spicy-chicken) in Korean and US consumers. Free choice profiling was conducted by Korean and US consumers on four spicy-chicken samples made using four hot sauce samples. Half of the hot sauce samples were selected to be more familiar to US consumers and vice versa to Korean consumers. A previous study that investigated cross-cultural perceptions of the same four hot sauce samples in US and Korean consumers was incorporated in this study. For distinct sample differences, US and Korean consumers perceived products similarly. However, for less obvious differences, flavor familiarity seemed to affect consumers' product perceptions. In addition, product perceptions changed more dramatically according to food systems for familiar samples in each country. The findings of this study show that consumers' product perception can be affected by flavor familiarities.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.36
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• pp.211-240
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• 2014

This is a cross-sectional study designed to analyze the correlation between the structural and social variables and the pattern of contraction and deletion of the copula verb in the speech of African American Vernacular English (AAVE) speakers in Athens in Georgia, USA using a questionnaire. The results show that the frequency of copula contraction is higher than that of deletion in all factor groups including the age of the speakers where this study found that younger speakers tend to have higher frequency of contraction and deletion of the copula than older speakers. This study analyzes this as a function of the fact that younger speakers of AAVE are conscious of the linguistic and social differences between AAVE speakers and speakers of Standard American English (SAE) and they consciously make choices regarding which norm to use at which contexts to satisfy their communicative and socio-cultural needs. This sort of conscious social behavior is not likely to disappear with age rather it might increase as a correlate of the perceived physical, socio-cultural and psychological distance between AAVE speakers and speakers of other varieties. This study shows that such perceived linguistic, socio-cultural and psychological distance has negative effects on pedagogy and I proffer the remedy.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.523-529
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Commensality, eating together with others, is a major representation of human sociality. In recent time, environments around commensality have changed significantly due to rapid social changes, and the decline of commensality is perceived as a serious concern in many modern societies. This study employs a cross-cultural analysis of university students in two East Asian countries, and examines cross-cultural variations of perceptions and actual practices of commensality and solo-eating. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The analysis was drawn from a free-list survey and a self-administrative questionnaires of university students in urban Korea and Japan. The free-listing survey was conducted with a small cohort to explore common images and meanings of commensality and solo-eating. The self-administrative questionnaire was developed based on the result of the free-list survey, and conducted with a larger cohort to examine reasons and problems of practices and associated behaviors and food intake. RESULTS: We found that Korean subjects tended to show stronger associations between solo-eating and negative emotions while the Japanese subjects expressed mixed emotions towards the practice of solo-eating. In the questionnaire, more Korean students reported they prefer commensality and tend to eat more quantities when they eat commensally. In contrast, more Japanese reported that they do not have preference on commensality and there is no notable difference in food quantities when they eat commensally and alone. Compared to the general Korean cohort finding, more proportion of overweight and obese groups of Korean subjects reported that they tend to eat more when they are alone than normal and underweight groups. This difference was not found in the overweight Japanese subjects. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed cross-cultural variations of perceptions and practices of commensality and solo-eating in a non-western setting.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2018

In this paper, the authors reflect on how a lecturer's cross-cultural gestures affect learners from across cultures online and in the field teaching sessions for improving the service when to build an e-Learning system. The study extends to survey the way learners feel about cultural differences during a presentation from the research based on sociolinguistics research. Before starting a full-scale research, a preliminary study has been conducted to base the initial experiment, and analysis these result for main research.