• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.2-4
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• 1978

Some of the remarkable accomplishments mentioned in the special lecture recalling 38 years of my research on the development of herbicides can be summarized as follows; 1) The physiology, movement in the soil, and decomposition and/or inactivation of the phenoxy and other herbicides by the invention of the Raphanus test were elucidated. And these findings led to the establishment of the theory of herbicidal treatment layer with the result of the origination of the application of PCP in flooded lowland paddy, which opened new era of soil application of herbicides in lowland paddy. 2) The granulation of herbicides for lowland paddy including PCP urea was developed. 3) The fact that propanil has generic selectivity in gramineae was found. And propanil was distributed in rice growing regions of the world. In addition, satanil for upland and propanil/NAC for flooded lowland paddy, propanil mixtures, were developed. 4) 15 kinds of new herbicides derived from plant hormones developed in my laboratory were develop ed, and the research trends in the future were presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.153-153
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• 2022

There is a growing need to develop ion sensors for agriculture. As a result, several technologies have been developed, such as colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and ion-selective electrode (ISE). Among them, ISE has some advantages compared to others. First, it does not require pre-treatment processes and expensive equipment. Second, it is possible for the portable detection system by introducing small-sized electrodes. Finally, real-time and multiple detections of several ions are pursued. It is well-known that N, P, and K nutrients are critical for crop growth. With the development of agriculture techniques, the importance of soil nutrient analysis has attracted much attention for cost-effective and eco-friendly agriculture. Among several issues, minimizing the use of fertilizers is significant through quantitative analysis of soil nutrients. As a result, it is highly important to analyze certain nutrients, such as N (ammonium ion, nitrate ion, nitrite ion), P (dihydrogen phosphate ion, monohydrogen phosphate ion), and K (potassium ion). Therefore, developing sensors for accurate analysis of soil nutrients is highly desired. n this study, several ISEs have been fabricated to detect N, P, and K. Their performance has been intensively studied, such as sensitivity, selectivity coefficient, and concentration range, and compared with commercialized ISEs. In addition, preliminary tests on the in-situ N, P, and K monitoring have been conducted inside the soil.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the herbicidal activity against resistant biotype on sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides such as Scirpus juncoides and Monochoria vaginalis at the glasshouse and paddy rice cultivation area. In order to investigate resistance breakability against SU-resistanted annual weeds, new rice herbicides containing tefuryltrione [p-hydrophenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitor] were tested. In both lab test and field experiment, tefuryltrione mixture, 4-HPPD inhibitor had shown excellent efficacy with a bleaching on the leaves of resistant annual weeds at early time after treatment and showed excellent persistance. Especially, tefuryltrione mixture had shown excellent controlling effect on annual and perennial SU-resistant S. juncoides in the regional field experiment. In phytotoxicity test, this tefuryltrione mixture had shown good selectivity to common rice species.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.92-102
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• 2006

Abundant proteins often cause problems in proteome study. Glutelin family proteins (hereafter referred to glutelin) are present in rice proteome sample as over-whelming constituents with very high abundance. In order to increase the number of identified proteins in rice proteome study, we developed a newly improved method for sample preparation through the removal of glutelin. When the protein samples from rice seed were extracted by the conventional trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction method, glutelin accounts for about 60% of total rice seed proteins in SDS gels. Using our new water extraction method, glutelin consists of only about 10% of total proteins. After analyzing on a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), 937 protein spots were detected using the conventional TCA extraction method. On the other hand, 1240 proteins could be seen using the new water extraction method. The selectivity for non-glutelin and less abundant protein by the water extraction method was also confirmed by ESI-Q/TOF mass spectrometry analysis. Thus, the new water extraction method developed here can be efficiently used to study the proteome analysis of rice storage seed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-119
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• 2014

Tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a polyphagous silk producing forest silkworm of commercial importance in India. Forest dependent people rear its larvae on different forestry host plants twice or thrice in a year for small household income. Larvae of A. mylitta feeds on many forest tree species, but always show a great degree of selectivity as a function of its behavioural responses to physical structure and chemical features of the host plants. Cocoon crop of A. mylitta is influenced by heterogeneity of tasar food plants and climatic conditions of the habitat. The role of host plants, temperature, humidity, rainfall, photoperiod and climatic variables on the growth and development of insects have clearly been demonstrated. This article entails an in-depth analysis on ecological and nutritional aspects of A. mylitta, which may provide selective information to researcher and forest managers, who are particularly associated with livelihood improvement of the poor people in forested area through location specific forest insect industry.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2004

Immune enhancing activities of water and ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (HP) were examined. HP extracts inhibited the growth of human hepatocarcinoma, human gastric cancer cell and human breast cancer cells in concentration-dependent mammers over a concentration range of $0.05{\sim}1.0\;mg/ml$, showing inhibiton of more than 80% with the concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. However, HP the same concentration. Overall selectivity of the extracts on the three human cancer lines was over 3.5, which is higher than those from the conventional herbs. The growth of human immune B and T cells was enhanced up to 1.4 to 2.0 folds by the addition of the extracts for 4 days, compared to controls. Ethanol extracts of HP after 6 days incubation increased the secretions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha $(TNF-{\alpha})$ from T cells and interleukin-6 (IL-6) from B cells to 6.7 pg/cell and 6.8 pg/cell, respectively. These results suggest that HP has a potent immune enhancing effect.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2004

The immune activation and anticancer activities of the water and ethanol extracts from Artemisia capillaris Thunb. were studied. The growth of human hepatocarcinoma and human gastric cancer cell was inhibited by the addition of $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ of the water extract, by about 77% and 95%, respectively. The growth of human breast cancer cells was also inhibited by addition of $0.5\;mg/m{\ell}$ of both water and ethanol extracts by 88%. The growth of human normal lung cell, HEL299 was inhibited by 15% indicating very low cytotoxicity of both extracts. Overall selectivity of the both extracts on several human cancer cell line was over 2.5. The growth of both human B and T cells was enhanced up to 1.6 to 2.1 times by adding the ethanol extracts. The secretion of cytokines, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6, from human B cells was also increased showing $68\;pg/m{\ell}$ and $67\;pg/m{\ell}$, respectively, compared to $35{\sim}40\;pg/m{\ell}$ of the control. In terms of the immune activity, there was not much difference between water and ethanol extracts of Artemisia capillaris Thunb. It implies that the extraction solvent could not differ the biological activities of the extracts. Based on these results, Artemisia capillaris Thunb. can be developed into a potentially useful cancer chemoprentive agent.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.52-63
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• 1998

A novel quinolineoxadiazoles, substituted the carboxylic acid group with 1,2,4-oxadiazole radicle, of KSC-16960 and related compounds were evaluated to examine the herbicidal activity, crop injury and residual effect of after-vegetable crops compared with those of quinclorac (3,7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid), of which use is now banned because of its residual activity to some succeeding vegetable crops. KSC-16960 showed 2- and 3-leaf stages of barnyardgrasses effectively controlled by more than 95 and 90%, respectively, at a rate of 6.25 g/ha. The dose of KSC-16960 controlled 4- and 5-leaf stages of barnyardgrasses by more than 90% were found to be 50 g and 100 g/ha, respectively. The selectivity of KSC-16960 between direct-seeded rice and barnyardgrass was approximately 2-fold higher than that of quinclorac when they were treated to the soil. The selectivity indices of KSC-16960 and of quinclorac between 1-leaf stage of direct seeded rice and 5-leaf stage of barnyardgrass were 44 and 23, respectively, and those between 1-leaf stage of direct seeded rice and 4-leaf stage of barnyardgrass were almost 2-fold higher. Application of KSC-16960 with bentazone exhibited an additive controlling effect on several weed species, but that of quinclorac exhibited an antagonistic effect. With pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, on the other hand, both application of KSC-16960 and quinclorac showed additive interactions. Under a greenhouse condition, the residual activity of KSC-16960 to succeeding tomato plants was approximately 4-fold lower compared to that of quinclorac. KSC-16960 could be substituted for quinclorac, if it will be made some more improvement for reducing residual activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2004

The immune activities of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium added garlic extracts (GAM), Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium (GM), garlic extracts (GS) and standard $({\beta}-glucan)$ were compared. GAM enhanced the growth of human immune T cell up to $1.25{\sim}1.46$ times, compared to control group. GAM showed relatively lower cytotoxicity in using normal human lung cell, while GAM showed the most potent inhibitory effect on the human lung carcinoma, compared to GM and GS. The selectivity of GAM was also higher than that of GM and GS. GAM increased the secretion of cytokines, IL-6 and TNF- from human B cell as well as the growth of human immune cells. It can imply that GAM has higher immune activity than GM or GS.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

Background: Korean ginseng is an important cash crop in Asian countries. However, plant yield is reduced by pathogens. Among the Ilyonectria radicicola-species complex, I. mors-panacis is responsible for root-rot and replant failure of ginseng in Asia. The development of new methods to reveal the existence of the pathogen before cultivation is started is essential. Therefore, a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was developed to detect and quantify the pathogen in ginseng soils. Methods: In this study, a species-specific histone H3 primer set was developed for the quantification of I. mors-panacis. The primer set was used on DNA from other microbes to evaluate its sensitivity and selectivity for I. mors-panacis DNA. Sterilized soil samples artificially infected with the pathogen at different concentrations were used to evaluate the ability of the primer set to detect the pathogen population in the soil DNA. Finally, the pathogen was quantified in many natural soil samples. Results: The designed primer set was found to be sensitive and selective for I. mors-panacis DNA. In artificially infected sterilized soil samples, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction the estimated amount of template was positively correlated with the pathogen concentration in soil samples ($R^2=0.95$), disease severity index ($R^2=0.99$), and colony-forming units ($R^2=0.87$). In natural soils, the pathogen was recorded in most fields producing bad yields at a range of $5.82{\pm}2.35pg/g$ to $892.34{\pm}103.70pg/g$ of soil. Conclusion: According to these results, the proposed primer set is applicable for estimating soil quality before ginseng cultivation. This will contribute to disease management and crop protection in the future.