• 식물병연구
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.65-68
• /
• 2017

2단계의 nested PCR 방법을 이용하여 보리 및 벼 재배 토양에서 Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV)를 검출하였다. BaYMV 분절 RNA1 외피단백질 영역의 특이 프라이머로 1차 PCR을 하고 내부서열로부터 작성된 프라이머로 2차 PCR을 실시하여 확보된 372 bp의 PCR 산물이 BaYMV 외피단백질 영역과 98%-100% 염기서열이 일치하여 BaYMV를 검출할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이 결과는 토양으로부터 BaYMV 검출에 관한 최초의 보고이며 토양전염성 바이러스의 정확한 진단과 예찰에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제39권1호
• /
• pp.52-61
• /
• 2023

Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is one of the major bacterial disease of apple and pear, causing enormous economic losses worldwide. Several control measures against E. amylovora have been reported till date, however, none of them have proved to be effective significantly against the pathogen. In this study, mechanisms of the copper-based control agents (CBCAs): copper oxychloride (COCHL), copper oxide (COX), copper hydroxide (CHY), copper sulfate basic (CSB), and tribasic copper sulfate (TCS) and their disease severity reduction efficacy against E. amylovora were analyzed. Bis-1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid trimethine oxonol, carboxyl fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride staining were used to check the damage of membrane potential, cytoplasmic pH_in, and respiration of CBCAs-treated E. amylovora, respectively. High disturbance in the membrane potential of E. amylovora was found under COX and COCHL treatments. Similarly, higher significant changes in the inner cytoplasmic pH_in were observed under COX, COCHL, and TCS treatment. CHY and COCHL-treated E. amylovora showed a significant reduction in respiration. In vitro bioassay results revealed that CHY, CSB, and TCS at 2,000 ppm reduced the severity of fire blight both in pre- and post-treatment of CBCAs in immature apple fruits and seedlings. Overall, the most effective CBCAs against E. amylovora could be CHY at 2,000 ppm as its showed inhibition mechanisms and disease severity reduction.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.106-114
• /
• 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB), predominantly caused by Fusarium graminearum and F. asiaticum, is a significant fungal disease impacting small-grain cereals. The absence of highly resistant cultivars underscores the need for vigilant FHB surveillance to mitigate its detrimental effects. In 2023, a notable FHB outbreak occurred in the southern region of Korea. We assessed FHB disease severity by quantifying infected spikelets and grains. Isolating fungal pathogens from infected samples often encounters interference from various microorganisms. We developed a cost-effective, selective medium, named BGT (Burkholderia glumae Toxoflavin) medium, utilizing B. glumae, which is primarily known for causing bacterial panicle blight in rice. This medium exhibited selective growth properties, predominantly supporting Fusarium spp., while substantially inhibiting the growth of other fungi. Using the BGT medium, we isolated F. graminearum and F. asiaticum from infected wheat and barley samples across Korea. To further streamline the process, we used a direct PCR approach to amplify the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) region without a separate genomic DNA extraction step. Phylogenetic analysis of the TEF-1α region revealed that the majority of the isolates were identified as F. asiaticum. Our results demonstrate that BGT medium is an effective tool for FHB diagnosis and Fusarium strain isolation.

• 한국육종학회지
• /
• 제42권6호
• /
• pp.615-622
• /
• 2010

'조아미'는 국립식량과학원 상주출장소에서 중산간지 재배에 알맞은 고품질 벼를 육성하고자 일본품종 'Yukara'와 중국품종 'Tonggae112'가 교배된 조합에 밥맛이 좋은 '삼백벼'를 삼원교배한 이후 계통육성시험에서 YR20557-1-1-3-B-3을 선발하였고, 2004년부터 2005년까지 생산력검정시험에 공시한 결과 수량성이 높아 '상주 36호'라는 계통명을 부여하였다. '상주 36호'는 2006년부터 2008년까지 3년간 지역적응시험에서 표준품종 대비 그 수량 및 품질의 우수성을 인정받아 2008년 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정위원회에서 국가목록등재 품종으로 선정되어 '조아미'로 명명하였다. '조아미'는 중북부평야지. 중부중산간지 및 동북부 해안지에 적응성이 높은 조생 고품질 벼 품종으로 주요특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 출수기는 중북부평야지 보비재배에서 7월 28일로 '화성벼'에 비해 15일정도 빠르고, 남부중산간지, 중부중산간지지 및 동북부 해안지 보통기 재배에서 평균 7월 30일로 '오대벼'의 출수기와 같은 조생종이다. 2. 이삭 길이는 18 cm 정도로 다소 짧고 착립밀도는 보통이며 추출은 양호한 편이다. 까락이 해에 따라 다소 발생하며 탈립은 안되는 편이다. 3. '오대벼' 대비 주당수수가 많고 수당립수는 비슷하며 등숙비율은 높지만 현미 천립중이 다소 가벼운 20.6 g의 소립종이다. 4. 쌀의 완전미율이 '오대벼' 보다 높고, 심복백이 없으며 맑고 투명하다. '오대벼'에 비해 아밀로스 함량이 낮아 밥맛이 양호하다. 5. 도열병에는 강하나 흰잎마름병과 바이러스병에는 약하며 해충에 대한 저항성은 없다. 6. 전국 9개소 3개년의 지역적응성시험에서 수량성은 5.4MT/ha으로 '오대벼' 대비 6% 증수되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.327-334
• /
• 2018

Northern corn leaf spot and southern corn leaf blight caused by Cochliobolus carbonum (anamorph, Bipolaris zeicola) and Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph, Bipolaris maydis), respectively, are common maize diseases in Korea. Accurate detection of plant pathogens is necessary for effective disease management. Based on the polyketide synthase gene (PKS) of Cochliobolus carbonum and the nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene (NRPS) of Cochliobolus heterostrophus, primer pairs were designed for PCR to simultaneously detect the two fungal pathogens and were specific and sensitive enough to be used for duplex PCR analysis. This duplex PCR-based method was found to be effective for diagnosing simultaneous infections from the two Cochliobolus species that display similar morphological and mycological characteristics. With this method, it is possible to prevent infections in maize by detecting infected seeds or maize and discarding them. Besides saving time and effort, early diagnosis can help to prevent infections, establish comprehensive management systems, and secure healthy seeds.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.232-234
• /
• 2011

During survey of postharvest diseases of vegetables in the middle region of Korea in 2003, 2004 and 2005, new disease symptoms showing watery rot and soft rot were observed. In this study, the disease causal agents were identified as Geotrichum candidum, and their host range and pathogenicity were investigated. G. candidum isolated had wide host range and strong pathogenicity against carrot, cucumber, tomato and pumpkin. The disease occurrence on several vegetables that G. candidum can be a serious threat to stable production of fresh vegetable.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.166-173
• /
• 2007

In a trial to select suitable fungicides for developing a spray program that can control apple white rot effectively, after-infection activities in some protective fungicides were detected. Six fungicides, mancozeb, propineb, benomyl, folpet, azoxystrobin and iminoctadine-triacetate, which had been extensively used in apple orchards, were sprayed on 12-year-old apple trees (cv. Fuji) at 15-day intervals from late May to late July. Disease incidences and infection frequencies of the fruit bagged just before and soon after each spray were examined. When the infection frequency or disease incidence of the fruit bagged after each spraying of fungicide was significantly lower than those of the fruit bagged before spraying, the fungicides appeared to confer after-infection activity. The six fungicides showed diverse activities on white rot: folpet showed after-infection activity on disease development, iminoctadine-triacetate showed after-infection activity on infection, azoxystrobin showed after-infection activity on disease development and infection, and mancozeb, propineb and benomyl showed no distinct activity. The activity of a fungicide became much higher when it was sprayed alternately with other fungicide rather than successive spraying of the same fungicide. Analysis of the properties of these protective fungicides could lead to the development of a highly effective spray program against white rot.

• 식물병연구
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.189-195
• /
• 2014

Genetic engineering is being used to enhance disease resistance and nutritional value of crops including rice plant. Considering the fast-growing agricultural biotechnology and rapidly increasing global area of transgenic crops, the risk evaluation on environment is necessary. In this study, we surveyed the difference of disease occurrence between transgenic rice variety, Iksan526 transformed with peanut stilbene synthase gene and non-transgenic rice varieties, Dongjin and Nampyeong in the field. Moreover, the possibility of gene transfer from transgenic rice to bacterial and fungal pathogens was investigated. The results of this study indicated that there was no significant difference in the occurrence and severity of the diseases between Iksan526 and Dongjin or Nampyeong. In addition, the results suggested that rice pathogen, such as Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani and Magnaporthe grisea did not take up stilbene synthase and bar genes under natural conditions. Moreover the transformed DNA was not transferred to the pathogens even in repetitive contacts.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국약용작물학회 2006년도 Spring Conference
• /
• pp.107-120
• /
• 2006

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국약용작물학회 2006년도 Spring Conference
• /
• pp.31-58
• /
• 2006